Fibers and Polymers最新文献

{"title":"Experimental Evaluation of Void Defects on the Mechanical Performance and Fatigue Life of GFRP Composites","authors":"Ümit Aytar,&nbsp;Abdülcelil Bayar,&nbsp;Rahmi Ünal","doi":"10.1007/s12221-026-01558-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12221-026-01558-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of advanced polymer-matrix composites continues to grow in the aerospace industry as technology advances. Void defects are among the most critical manufacturing-induced imperfections affecting the structural integrity of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites. This study presents a comprehensive experimental evaluation of the influence of void content on the mechanical properties and fatigue performance of GFRP laminates. Specimens with controlled void fractions were fabricated by systematically varying processing parameters, enabling a direct correlation between void content and composite performance. Mechanical characterization was conducted through tensile, flexural, and interlaminar shear tests, while fatigue behavior was assessed under cyclic loading conditions. Microstructural analysis using optical and scanning electron microscopy was employed to investigate void morphology and distribution, and their roles in damage initiation and propagation. The results demonstrate that increasing void content significantly degrades stiffness, strength, and interlaminar properties, with pronounced reductions observed beyond a critical void threshold. Fatigue life was found to be highly sensitive to the presence of voids, as voids act as stress concentrators that accelerate crack initiation and growth under cyclic loading. Furthermore, the study highlights the interaction between void size, shape, and spatial distribution in governing failure mechanisms. The findings provide valuable insights into defect tolerance limits and underscore the need for stringent process control in composite manufacturing. This work contributes to the development of more reliable predictive models and improved quality standards for high-performance GFRP structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":557,"journal":{"name":"Fibers and Polymers","volume":"27 11","pages":"5537 - 5548"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical, Vibrational and Acoustic Performance of Sisal–Maize Hybrid Polymer Composites Reinforced with Seaweed Bio-Fillers","authors":"Kumaresan Mayakannan,&nbsp;Karthi Nadarajan,&nbsp;Sindhu Selvaraj,&nbsp;Arunkumar Munimathan","doi":"10.1007/s12221-026-01557-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12221-026-01557-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The increasing need for sustainable, lightweight and multifunctional materials has boosted the creation of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites (NRF) with increased mechanical and vibroacoustic functions. Sisal–maize hybrid polymer composites that are reinforced with natural seaweed bio-fillers were compression-molded in this study, and their mechanical, vibrational, and acoustical characteristics were systematically studied. The content of seaweed filler (0–8 wt%) was also varied as a way of establishing the most effective composition. It was found that mechanical testing indicated that composites with a filler concentration of 6 wt% seaweed filler performed best with tensile strength of 78 MPa, flexural strength of 108 MPa and impact strength of 7.9 kJ/m², 26, 27 and 41% improvement over the unfilled composite, respectively. Vibrational analysis showed that the first natural frequency decreased, and the damping ratio increased considerably, 142–128 Hz and 0.021–0.036 respectively, which showed that the vibration attenuation capability was better. In addition to the experimental study, an ensemble learning architecture that consisted of the random forest, gradient boosting, and extreme gradient boosting models was created to forecast the composite properties. The stacked ensemble model had a high predictive accuracy of coefficient of determination <i>R</i>² = 0.96 and showed a good agreement with the experimental values. The joint experimental and data-driven results attest that sisal–maize–seaweed hybrid composites are promising environmentally clean materials of lightweight structural, vibration damping and acoustic insulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":557,"journal":{"name":"Fibers and Polymers","volume":"27 11","pages":"5517 - 5535"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Fiber Orientation on the Tensile Performance of Neat and Halloysite Nanotube-Modified Glass Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Laminates","authors":"Marwa A. Abd El-baky,&nbsp;Mahmoud F. Abd El-Halim,&nbsp;Mohamed Ibrahim Abd El Aal,&nbsp;Mahmoud M. Awd Allah","doi":"10.1007/s12221-026-01556-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12221-026-01556-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fiber orientation plays a fundamental role in governing the load transfer efficiency and failure behavior of fiber-reinforced polymer composites, while nanoscale reinforcement offers an effective strategy for tailoring their mechanical response. In this study, the influence of fiber orientation on the tensile performance of neat and halloysite nanotube (HNT)-modified glass fiber-reinforced epoxy (GFRE) laminates was investigated. Bidirectional plain-woven E-glass/epoxy laminates were fabricated, and tensile specimens were machined at orientations of 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45°, with the orientation angle defined relative to a principal yarn direction of the woven reinforcement. The tensile response was evaluated in terms of ultimate tensile strength, elastic modulus, failure strain, and modulus of toughness. The results revealed that fiber orientation influenced the tensile response, with tensile strength decreasing from 136.80 MPa at 0° to 49.67 MPa at 45° for neat laminates. HNT modification increased the tensile strength by 20.13%, 22.77%, and 6.70% at fiber orientations of 0°, 15°, and 30°, respectively, whereas a 6.72% reduction was observed at 45°. The elastic modulus exhibited the greatest enhancement at 0°, increasing by 66.32%, while progressive reductions were observed with increasing off-axis orientation following HNT modification. The failure strain decreased by 20.27% at 0° but increased by 8.48% at 15°, while minor changes occurred at 30° and 45°. The modulus of toughness exhibited its greatest HNT-induced improvement at 15°, increasing by 22.06%, while slight reductions occurred at 0° and 30° and a more pronounced reduction at 45°.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":557,"journal":{"name":"Fibers and Polymers","volume":"27 11","pages":"5501 - 5516"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Tensile Strength and Young’s Modulus of Nonwovens Containing Adhesive Polyvinyl Butyral Polymer","authors":"Taichi Suzuki,&nbsp;Ren Tomisawa","doi":"10.1007/s12221-026-01548-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12221-026-01548-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Estimation of the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of nonwovens is difficult owing to complex internal fiber entanglement. In the present study, we developed a property estimation model whereby a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber web mixed with sheath–core fibers containing a polyvinyl butyral (PVB) polymer adhesive is heated. We found that increasing the sheath–core fiber mixing ratio steepened the stress–strain curve and increased the strength. When plotted against the square of the mixing ratio, which represents the fiber contact probability or “entanglement point density,” the tensile strength exhibited a linear relationship, whereas the Young’s modulus became saturated at approximately 64%. Specifically, the strength is linearly dependent on the entanglement point density, whereas the Young’s modulus increased exponentially. Similar tendencies were observed for needle-punched nonwovens with various needle densities. However, the increase in the Young’s modulus was delayed in these nonwovens, and some samples demonstrated a decreasing tendency in strength in addition to a linear increase. We attributed these differences to a reliance on fiber friction rather than chemical adhesion for entanglement and physical fiber damage caused by excessive needle punching. Our model successfully quantifies the mechanical behavior of nonwovens based on the probability of fiber contact.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":557,"journal":{"name":"Fibers and Polymers","volume":"27 11","pages":"5611 - 5620"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12221-026-01548-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Properties of Organic Wool Double-Weft Knits After Washing and Pilling","authors":"Koviljka A. Asanović,&nbsp;Nadiia P. Bukhonka,&nbsp;Isidora Cvijetić,&nbsp;Matea Korica,&nbsp;Mirjana M. Kostić","doi":"10.1007/s12221-026-01555-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12221-026-01555-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the effects of washing and pilling on the structural characteristics (number of wales and courses per centimeter, number of stitches per square centimeter, stitch length, mass per unit area, and thickness), mechanical (compressibility, thickness loss, and compressive resilience), and physical properties (surface electrical resistivity and water retention) of double-weft knitted fabrics produced from 20 × 2 tex organic wool yarn in 1 × 1 rib and Milano rib structures. The structural characteristics, mechanical, and physical properties were evaluated before and after washing and after 7000 rubs. The results show that knit structure, washing, and pilling significantly affect fabric performance. In both tested fabrics, washing caused shrinkage in both length and width directions, while pilling resistance decreased with increasing rubs, with identical pilling grades observed after 5000 and 7000 rubs (Grades 2 and 1, respectively). Washing and pilling altered the structural characteristics of both fabrics, leading to corresponding changes in mechanical and physical properties. In general, washing and pilling increased compressibility (except for the Milano rib after washing), thickness loss, surface electrical resistivity (except for the Milano rib after pilling), and water retention, while reducing compressive resilience (except for the 1 × 1 rib after washing). Pilling tended to improve the investigated properties in both fabrics. In contrast, washing deteriorated the properties of the Milano rib but slightly improved those of the 1 × 1 rib.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":557,"journal":{"name":"Fibers and Polymers","volume":"27 11","pages":"5621 - 5637"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of E-glass Roving Geometry, Fiber Volume Fraction, and Matrix Rheology on Tensile and Knot Performance of Melt-Impregnated Thermoplastic Composite Ropes","authors":"Alaaddin Toktaş,&nbsp;A. Göktuğ Kızılçaoğlu,&nbsp;Raif Sakin","doi":"10.1007/s12221-026-01553-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12221-026-01553-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the effects of E-glass roving geometry, including linear density (<i>TEX</i>), fiber volume fraction (<i>V</i>_<i>f</i>), and matrix rheological properties, namely processing temperature (<i>T</i>_<i>m</i>) and melt viscosity (<i>μ</i>_<i>m</i>), on the tensile and knot performance of melt-impregnated thermoplastic composite ropes (TCRs). Composite ropes were manufactured using a laboratory-scale continuous melt-impregnation system. Three commercially available E-glass rovings (300, 600, and 1200 tex) and three thermoplastic matrices (PLA, TPU, and PETG) were used to produce nine rope configurations. A total of 154 mechanical test results were obtained to evaluate the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), knot tensile strength (KTS), and knot efficiency (RUTS). Lower-<i>TEX</i> rovings generally exhibited superior tensile performance, likely because of more effective impregnation and improved stress transfer. PLA-based ropes achieved the highest UTS (818.6 MPa at 300 tex) and KTS (253.1 MPa at 600 tex), whereas TPU-based ropes generally exhibited the lowest knot performance. Statistical analyses revealed that <i>TEX</i> and <i>V</i>_<i>f</i> primarily governed the UTS, whereas <i>T</i>_<i>m</i>, <i>μ</i>_<i>m</i>, and <i>V</i>_<i>f</i> significantly influenced KTS and RUTS. Increasing <i>T</i>_<i>m</i> improved RUTS, whereas increasing <i>V</i>_<i>f</i> reduced it, demonstrating the importance of adequate matrix content in the highly deformed knot region. Multi-response optimization, based on simultaneous maximization of KTS and RUTS, predicted an optimum at <i>TEX</i>=472.7 g/1000 m, <i>T</i>_<i>m</i>=230 °C, <i>μ</i>_<i>m</i>=1.32 Pa·s, and <i>V</i>_<i>f</i>=31.9%, with a desirability of 0.9135. Replacing the predicted <i>TEX</i> with the nearest commercially available 410 tex roving caused only a negligible decrease in desirability (0.9119). These findings provide practical guidelines for designing thermoplastic composite ropes with balanced tensile strengths and improved knot performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":557,"journal":{"name":"Fibers and Polymers","volume":"27 11","pages":"5483 - 5500"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Mechanical and Tensile Behavior of Epoxy Composites Reinforced with B4C- and Gd2O3-Modified Electrospun Nylon 6.6 Nanofiber Mats","authors":"Mustafa Aker Keskin,&nbsp;Yasin Uslugil,&nbsp;Oktay Baykara,&nbsp;Ahmet Avcı","doi":"10.1007/s12221-026-01549-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12221-026-01549-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Epoxy resins are widely used in structural and functional composite components; however, their inherently brittle fracture behavior and temperature-dependent stiffness degradation limit their reliability under combined mechanical and thermomechanical loading. In this study, L160 epoxy composites were reinforced with electrospun nylon 6.6 (N6.6) nanofiber mats modified with B₄C, Gd₂O₃, or hybrid B₄C/Gd₂O₃ nanoparticles, thereby introducing ceramic functionality through the nanofiber interleaf rather than by direct nanoparticle dispersion into the resin. Five systems were examined: neat epoxy (Epoxy), epoxy with neat N6.6 mats (Epoxy/N6.6), and epoxy with B₄C-modified, Gd₂O₃-modified, or hybrid-modified N6.6 mats (Epoxy/N6.6/B₄C, Epoxy/N6.6/Gd₂O₃, and Epoxy/N6.6/B₄C-Gd₂O₃, respectively). The mats were incorporated by a layer-by-layer hand lay-up route to obtain 16-layer composite plates, and the resulting systems were evaluated by SEM, TEM, XRD, EDX, FTIR, TGA, tensile testing, fracture-surface analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis. Neat N6.6 mats increased the tensile strength of epoxy from 71.24 to 75.73 MPa, whereas B₄C-modified mats produced the highest tensile strength of 88.65 MPa, corresponding to a 24.45% improvement. The hybrid B₄C/Gd₂O₃-modified system exhibited the highest approximate onset temperature of the principal mass-loss stage, 390 <span>(^{circ }text {C})</span>, and the highest glass transition temperature of 116.8 <span>(^{circ }text {C})</span>. Fractographic observations showed brittle fracture in epoxy-rich regions and fiber pull-out, fiber breakage, interfacial debonding, and crack bridging in nanofiber-rich regions. Within the tested formulations, B₄C modification gave the highest tensile strength, whereas the hybrid-modified system gave the highest reported approximate onset temperature of the principal mass-loss stage and tan-delta peak temperature. Residual voids and incomplete wetting were observed in some laminates and are considered when interpreting the results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":557,"journal":{"name":"Fibers and Polymers","volume":"27 11","pages":"5467 - 5482"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gray-Box Modeling of Recycled PET Extrusion Behavior for Fibers Production: Taguchi Screening, Thermal Analysis, and Preliminary ANN Approximation for Flow Prediction","authors":"V. H. Romo-Contreras,&nbsp;J. C. Tapia-Picazo,&nbsp;A. Bonilla-Petriciolet,&nbsp;J. G. Luna-Bárcenas,&nbsp;J. J. Serralta-Macias,&nbsp;D. Alcalá-Sánchez","doi":"10.1007/s12221-026-01543-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12221-026-01543-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study proposes a gray-box framework to analyze and predict the extrusion behavior of heterogeneous recycled polyethylene terephthalate (r-PET) blends and the resulting fiber properties during dry single-screw extrusion. A Taguchi L8 design and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to identify the most influential feedstock and operating factors affecting mass flow rate, flow-rate variability, barrel temperature stability, denier, and tenacity. The evaluated blends contained transparent r-PET, green r-PET, virgin PET, and LDPE from bottle labels, allowing the effect of realistic feedstock heterogeneity to be examined. The results showed that screw speed and barrel temperature were the dominant factors affecting mass flow rate, whereas grinding cycles and blend composition had a stronger influence on flow variability. Zone-specific thermal analysis revealed different sensitivities along the barrel, even when set to equal temperature, with feed-related variables contributing more strongly to upstream temperature fluctuations and screw speed dominating the final heating zone. Analytical extrusion equations were used as a semi-physical basis for mass flow interpretation, while compact artificial neural networks (ANNs) were trained as complementary nonlinear surrogate models within the experimental design space. ANN predictions showed satisfactory agreement with experimental mass flow data, with an average relative difference of approximately 3.1%. The proposed framework provides a practical and interpretable strategy for preliminary screening and exploratory prediction in heterogeneous r-PET extrusion systems; however, broader predictive application will require expanded datasets and independent validation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":557,"journal":{"name":"Fibers and Polymers","volume":"27 11","pages":"5253 - 5271"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Super-Elastic, Hydrophobic and Lightweight Carbon Nanotube-MXene/Melamine Sponge for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding","authors":"Hong-mei Zuo,&nbsp;Jinjie Gao,&nbsp;Rui Wang,&nbsp;Linlin Zhu,&nbsp;Jiacheng Ma,&nbsp;Song Fu,&nbsp;Zhenzhen Xu","doi":"10.1007/s12221-026-01540-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12221-026-01540-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the rapid development of science and technology and electronics industry, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials have received increasing attention. In this study, one-dimensional (1D) carbon nanotube (CNT) and two-dimensional (2D) MXene were assembled in three-dimensional (3D) porous melamine sponge (MS) by a facile dip-coating method. Furthermore, a layer of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was coated onto the hybrid MS, and hydrophobic carbon nanotube-MXene/melamine sponge (CNT-MXene/MS) with lightweight (15.79 mg/cm³), satisfactory electromagnetic shielding performance, super elasticity and scalability was prepared. The results showed that MXene and CNT were successfully assembled in MS. The prepared composite presented considerable EMI shielding performance. Electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of the MS with 10 mm reached 42.97 dB (8–12 GHz), and it could shield 99.995% of incident electromagnetic waves. Additionally, the hydrophobic CNT-MXene/MS showed outstanding compressive fatigue performance even after 500 loading cycles at a compressive strain of 40%. Meanwhile, EMI SE could retain to 35.28 dB, with a retention rate of 83.17%. Moreover, the water contact angle with hybrid CNT-MXene/MS was 145.1°, displaying hydrophobicity. The hydrophobic CNT-MXene/MS exhibited potential prospective use in EMI shielding environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":557,"journal":{"name":"Fibers and Polymers","volume":"27 11","pages":"5457 - 5466"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of Congo red Using Treated Artichoke Stems: Modelling and Optimization of Efficiency via Plackett–Burman Design, Box–Behnken Design and Desirability Function","authors":"Mahmoud Trachi,&nbsp;Samia Lachebi","doi":"10.1007/s12221-026-01546-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12221-026-01546-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present study, a novel adsorbent was prepared from artichoke stems, an abundant agricultural by-product generated during harvesting and food processing. The adsorbent was characterized using SEM–EDX, BET, and FTIR analyses, and subsequently employed for the removal of Congo red (CR) from synthetic aqueous solutions under batch conditions. Screening experiments based on the Plackett–Burman design (PBD) were conducted to identify the main factors influencing the CR adsorption process. The Box–Behnken design (BBD) combined with the desirability function (DF) was then applied to optimize the key operational variables: initial dye concentration (50–200 mg/L), pH (2–10), temperature (25–45 °C), and adsorbent dosage (1–5 g/L). Based on the resulting second-order polynomial model, the optimal conditions for maximum CR removal were determined. Kinetic and equilibrium studies were performed under these optimized conditions, and adsorption thermodynamics were investigated over the temperature range of 298–318 K. The maximum adsorption efficiency of 97% was achieved at an initial CR concentration of 50 mg/L, pH 5.8, temperature of 45 °C, and adsorbent dosage of 5 g/L. The pseudo-second-order model best described the kinetic data, while both Langmuir and Temkin isotherm models provided an excellent fit to the equilibrium data, indicating a maximum adsorption capacity of 114.9 mg/g at 318 K. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. The combined PBD-BBD approach yielded reliable optimization results and achieved high dye removal efficiency, demonstrating the potential for valorization and effective utilization of treated artichoke stems as a sustainable and cost-effective adsorbent for wastewater treatment applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":557,"journal":{"name":"Fibers and Polymers","volume":"27 11","pages":"5381 - 5401"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}