EntreDiversidades Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades最新文献

{"title":"El hallazgo del Archivo Histórico de la Policía Nacional: Entrevista con Edeliberto Cifuentes MedinaThe finding of the Historical Archive of the National Police: Interview with Edeliberto Cifuentes Medina","authors":"Mildred Hernández","doi":"10.36829/63CHS.V7I2.1047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36829/63CHS.V7I2.1047","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55712,"journal":{"name":"EntreDiversidades Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73655348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"De espacio “vacío” a región vivida. Vías de comunicación en la frontera entre Veracruz, Tabasco y Chiapas (Siglos XIX-XX)","authors":"M. Arenas","doi":"10.31644/ed.v7.n2.2020.a06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31644/ed.v7.n2.2020.a06","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEste articulo analiza el proceso de conformacion de la region de Las Choapas, en el sureste mexicano, a lo largo de los siglos XIX y XX. Las transformaciones socioespaciales que favorecieron dicha integracion son examinadas con la propuesta teorico-metodologica de espacio social de Pierre Bourdieu y la teoria de los desfases de Juan Pedro Viqueira, destacando el caracter contingente de las regiones, la flexibilidad y permeabilidad de los espacios, y, sobre todo, las relaciones de poder que atraviesan los ejes geo-historicos de ese proceso. A partir de una perspectiva relacional se abordan algunas variables socioeconomicas que impulsaron la construccion de vias de comunicacion y dieron lugar a importantes cambios en la organizacion espacial entre los siglos XIX y XX. El articulo abarca diversos periodos: la epoca en que los rios eran las principales vias de comunicacion, la modernidad porfiriana, la exploracion y explotacion de hidrocarburos, el poblamiento y la colonizacion, el impacto indirecto del programa Marcha hacia el mar y las dinamicas socioespaciales en zonas de frontera. Esta largo recorrido da cuenta de la transformacion de un espacio “vacio” en una region vivida. EnglishThis article analyzes the process of formation of the Choapas region in the Mexican Southeast during the 19th and 20th centuries. The socio-spatial transformations that favored such integration are examined with the theoretical-methodological proposal of social space by Pierre Bourdieu and the theory of gaps by Juan Pedro Viqueira, highlighting the contingent character of regions, the flexibility and permeability of spaces, but above all the power relations that cross the geo-historical axes of that process. From a relational perspective, some socioeconomic variables are approached that impelled the construction of communication routes and gave rise to important changes in spatial organization between the 19th and 20th centuries. The article covers various periods: the time when rivers were the main communication routes, Porfirian modernity, the exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons, settlement and colonization, the indirect impact of the “March to the Sea” program and the socio-spatial dynamics in border areas. This long journey accounts for the transformation of an “empty” space into a lived region.","PeriodicalId":55712,"journal":{"name":"EntreDiversidades Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades","volume":"7 1","pages":"160-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42958312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caravanas de personas migrantes como expresiones contradictorias de tácticas de sobrevivencia y prácticas de subjetivación política","authors":"María Georgina Garibo García, Tristan P. Call","doi":"10.31644/ed.v7.n2.2020.a03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31644/ed.v7.n2.2020.a03","url":null,"abstract":"espanolA partir de reflexiones basadas en la observacion participante y el acompanamiento de caravanas migrantes desde el sur de Mexico hasta el norte, este trabajo se enfoca en subrayar los distintos significados de las caravanas en la actual epoca migratoria. Resaltamos como la accion colectiva y, sobre todo, el acuerpamiento movilizado que implican las caravanas se fundamentan en la necesidad y sobrevivencia, un contexto que alimenta de forma emergente, temporal y a veces contradictoria, las practicas de subjetivacion politica de los participantes. Exploramos las tendencias de unidad y fragmentacion, la cuestionada forma de tomar decisiones, la manera de continuar su camino pese a obstaculos, el rechazo hacia el regimen de “refugiado cautivo” impulsado por el gobierno mexicano, asi como de algunas organizaciones de la sociedad civil, y como la apropiacion de la herramienta del asilo resignifica paradojicamente el papel de victimas en el que muchos han querido encasillar a las personas migrantes. EnglishFrom our reflections based on participant observation and accompaniment of migrant caravans from southern Mexico northward, this work focuses on highlighting the different meanings of caravans in the current migratory era. We highlight how the collective action and, particularly, the political collective bodiment in movement1 (acuerpamiento) of the caravans is based on necessity and survival, a context that encourages, in an emergent, temporary and sometimes contradictory way, the participants’ practices of political subjectivation. We explore the tendencies of unity and fragmentation, the oft-criticized form of decision-making, the way of carrying onward despite the obstacles, the rejection of the “captive refugee” regime promoted by the Mexican government as well as by some civil society organizations, and how the appropriation of asylum as a tool paradoxically re-signifies the role of victims to which many have sought to limit migrants.","PeriodicalId":55712,"journal":{"name":"EntreDiversidades Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades","volume":"7 1","pages":"59-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42011832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alimentación y diabetes, un pequeño gran dilema: el caso de los tzotziles y tzeltales de los Altos de Chiapas","authors":"Enrique Eroza Solana, R. M. Martínez","doi":"10.31644/ed.v7.n2.2020.a09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31644/ed.v7.n2.2020.a09","url":null,"abstract":"Tzotzil and Tzeltal people with diabetes and their relatives were interviewed, contextual data gathered, and historical sources reviewed. The interviewees link the subject to causality, initial symptoms, diets, the resistance to diet change, they tell about their differences with medical views, their re-signification of type 2 mellitus diabetes and its emergence as a health problem in relation to local historic events. Interaction between global and sociocultural processes is also observed. Nourishment is a crucial aspect in diabetes that must be understood as a multidimensional experience, which demands the opening and deepening of medial perspectives and being able to negotiate holding an humanistic stance to deal with the prescription of patients diets.","PeriodicalId":55712,"journal":{"name":"EntreDiversidades Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades","volume":"7 1","pages":"245-279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46289507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"México en el Cono Sur: asilo diplomático y lecciones de su práctica en los años setenta","authors":"Silvia Dutrénit Bielous","doi":"10.31644/ed.v7.n2.2020.a01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31644/ed.v7.n2.2020.a01","url":null,"abstract":"espanolPara la tradicional politica de asilo mexicana, los anos setenta resultaron significativos por confrontacion con otras realidades. Resultaron, a la vez, significativos por los retos que la diplomacia debio sortear con el instrumento vigente (Convencion de Asilo Diplomatico de 1954). Tambien lo fueron por las distintas apreciaciones sobre el riesgo de los solicitantes de proteccion, asi como por los intereses particulares del Estado mexicano respecto a sus pares del sur latinoamericano.Un acercamiento a las experiencias de Argentina, Chile y Uruguay hace posible observar consideraciones y variables que se le presentan a un mismo Estado asilante, el mexicano, ante realidades politicas en apariencia similares y simultaneas, pero que no lo eran en los hechos.A partir de historiar sus aspectos distintivos, en el articulo se observan algunos asuntos medulares de la norma regulada en 1954. Asimismo, con esa observacion sera posible delimitar formas de interpretacion y de su aplicacion. Este recorrido desembocara en una posible explicacion de las tensiones que se produjeron entre la norma y los hechos del asilo, advirtiendo que la primera no se ajustaba a las circunstancias en que se aplico. La reflexion final es factible que sea util a la luz de un nuevo y diverso presente, en donde se ubican protagonistas en la toma de decisiones, tanto en la (re) elaboracion de los instrumentos juridicos interamericanos como en los nacionales. Pero estas experiencias no deberian obviarse en la formacion del cuerpo diplomatico de las distintas cancillerias. EnglishFor the traditional Mexican asylum policy, the 1970s proved significant by confrontation with other realities. They were also significant because of the challenges that diplomacy had to overcome with the existing instrument (Convention on Diplomatic Asylum of 1954). They were also significant because of the various perceptions of risk of the protection applicants, as well as for the particular interests of the Mexican State regarding its peers in Southern Latin America. An approach to the experiences of Argentina, Chile and Uruguay makes it possible to observe considerations and variables presented to the same asylum State, Mexico, from political realities that appeared similar and simultaneous but that were not so according to the facts.From writing the history of its distinctive aspects, the article observes some core issues of the norm regulated in 1954. From this observation, it will be possible to determine ways of interpretation and its application. This journey will lead to a possible explanation of the tensions between the norm and the facts of the asylum, highlighting that the former did not fit the circumstances in which it was applied. The final reflection is potentially useful in the light of a new and diverse present, where protagonists in the decision making are located, both in the (re)elaboration of the inter-American legal instruments as in the national ones. But these experiences shou","PeriodicalId":55712,"journal":{"name":"EntreDiversidades Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades","volume":"7 1","pages":"6-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46759258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sonia Toledo Tello. Espacios sociales en una región agraria del norte de Chiapas (siglos XIX-XXI)","authors":"Amanda Úrsula Torres Freyermuth","doi":"10.31644/ed.v7.n2.2020.r01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31644/ed.v7.n2.2020.r01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55712,"journal":{"name":"EntreDiversidades Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades","volume":"7 1","pages":"308-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43653843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cuerpos en experimentación. Sífilis y fármacopoder en la Ciudad de Guatemala (1946- 1948)","authors":"Marco Chivalán Carrillo, Asociación para el Avance de las Ciencias Sociales en Guatemala","doi":"10.31644/ed.v7.n2.2020.a05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31644/ed.v7.n2.2020.a05","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen: Los experimentos practicados con cuerpos humanos, para la generación de un fármaco profiláctico post exposición a la sífilis, en la Ciudad de Guatemala entre 1946 y 1948 han sido condenados por la bioética. Sin embargo, esta práctica parece ser más compleja al analizarla como dispositivo de producción corporal desde el fármacopoder. Mediante un cruce de perspectivas epistemológicas, este estudio plantea que el uso de cuerpos “anómalos”, en tal dispositivo, muestra una paradoja en la producción de lo “completamente humano”. Y, para interferir tal producción, propone una alianza micropolítica de los “anómalos”. Este trabajo pretende ser un aporte para una analítica más amplia del dispositivo de producción corporal en Guatemala. Las conclusiones arrojan la relevancia de profundizar y extender la comprensión de la problemática a través de diversos fondos de archivo.","PeriodicalId":55712,"journal":{"name":"EntreDiversidades Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades","volume":"7 1","pages":"127-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43528671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racismo y desvalorización del trabajo de las mujeres indígenas en Guatemala: desde la economía doméstica hasta el Caso Sepur Zarco","authors":"Patricia Arroyo Calderón","doi":"10.31644/ed.v7.n2.2020.a04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31644/ed.v7.n2.2020.a04","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl juicio por genocidio contra Efrain Rios Montt, celebrado en Guatemala en 2013, asi como el juicio por el caso de Sepur Zarco, ocurrido en febrero de 2016, colocaron en primer plano la cuestion de la violencia sexual cometida contra las mujeres mayas a escala masiva durante el periodo mas cruento del conflicto armado que se extendio por mas de tres decadas en el pais centroamericano. En este articulo se abordan los fenomenos de violencia sexual y esclavitud sexual sufridos por, al menos, quince mujeres q’eqchi’, entre los anos de 1982 y 1988, en paralelo a un aspecto del caso Sepur Zarco que por el momento ha recibido mucha menos atencion: el proceso de esclavitud domestica al que tambien fueron sometidas por anos las mujeres mayas sobrevivientes. En concreto, se propone que los fenomenos de desvalorizacion del trabajo reproductivo de las mujeres indigenas —manifestado en formas extremas durante el genocidio maya— deben ser entendidos en perspectiva historica como parte de los procesos de modernizacion capitalista impulsados por las elites liberales del istmo desde las decadas finales del siglo XIX, procesos que articularon dos nociones antagonicas (y fuertemente racializadas) de trabajo: el “trabajo productivo” y el “trabajo improductivo”. Dichos conceptos, trasladados al ambito de los hogares centroamericanos, contribuyeron a la consolidacion de un renovado orden jerarquico organizado en torno a formas de trabajo domestico consideradas “productivas” (aquellas labores llevadas a cabo por amas de casa letradas y modernizadas) e “improductivas” (aquellas completadas por “criadas” indigenas). En ultima instancia, estos imaginarios de desigualdad en el seno de los hogares siguen manifestandose hoy dia en asociaciones naturalizadas entre amplios sectores de la poblacion que equiparan a las “mujeres indigenas” con las “sirvientas”, asi como en formas de desvalorizacion, explotacion y otros abusos cometidos con impunidad sobre las trabajadoras domesticas del istmo. EnglishThe Guatemalan 2013 genocide trial, where ex-President Efrain Rios Montt was convicted, and the Sepur Zarco trial held in February of 2016 brought to focus the sexual violence suffered by Maya women at a massive scale during the over-three-decades long civil conflict. In this article, the instances of sexual violence and sexual slavery suffered by —at least—fifteen Q’eqchi’ women between 1982 and 1988 are addressed in parallel to a dimension of the Sepur Zarco trial which has been for the most part overlooked: the situation of domestic slavery that was also inflicted on the Maya women survivors. Specifically, I suggest that the process of devaluation of indigenous women’s reproductive work (intensified to the extreme during the Maya genocide) needs to be historically understood in relation to the capitalist modernization projects put into motion by Central American liberal elites during the last decades of the 19th century. The liberal modernization projects relied upon two o","PeriodicalId":55712,"journal":{"name":"EntreDiversidades Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades","volume":"7 1","pages":"94-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45426447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entre Chenalhó y Chalchihuitán: (in)movilidad forzada y límites en disputa","authors":"Carolina Pecker Madeo","doi":"10.31644/ed.v7.n2.2020.a10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31644/ed.v7.n2.2020.a10","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl articulo aborda el desplazamiento forzado que movilizo a mas de 5000 indigenas, en noviembre de 2017 en los Altos de Chiapas, por motivos de conflictos limitrofes entre los municipios indigenas de lengua tsotsil, Chenalho y Chalchihuitan. Para esto, presento sus antecedentes formales utilizando la informacion provista por documentos estatales y fuentes de prensa, asi como tambien caracterizo la situacion a partir de lo recabado en mapeos y entrevistas realizados en la zona de conflicto en colaboracion con el traductor indigena de Medicos Sin Fronteras y con personal del Centro de Derechos Humanos Fray Bartolome de Las Casas, en enero y febrero de 2018. Los resultados muestran que las practicas de marcacion limitrofe despliegan su conflictividad tanto en el ambito juridico formal como en la materialidad del territorio. A su vez, las entrevistas y mapeos permiten caracterizar las (in)movilidades forzadas y dar cuenta del modo en que derivaron en una situacion de (des)territorializacion precaria y crisis humanitaria. EnglishThe article aims to explain the forced displacement that mobilized more than 5000 indigenous people in November 2017 in the Highlands of Chiapas, due to border conflicts between the indigenous, tsotsil speaking, municipalities of Chenalho and Chalchihuitan. I present its formal background using information provided by state documents and press sources, as well as characterize the situation based on what was collected in mappings and interviews conducted in collaboration with the indigenous translator of Doctors Without Borders in the conflict zone and with staff of the Fray Bartolome de Las Casas Human Rights Center in January and February 2018. The results show that borderline dialing practices display their conflict both in the formal legal field as in the materiality of the territory. In turn, interviews and mappings allow characterization of forced (im)mobility and account for how they resulted in a situation of precarious (de)territorialization and a humanitarian crisis.","PeriodicalId":55712,"journal":{"name":"EntreDiversidades Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades","volume":"7 1","pages":"280-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49577258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etnicidades centradas y descentradas. Una propuesta desde la perspectiva relacional para la comprensión de procesos étnicos contemporáneos","authors":"Luis Nicolás Olivos Santoyo","doi":"10.31644/ed.v7.n2.2020.a07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31644/ed.v7.n2.2020.a07","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEn el presente ensayo se pone a prueba una teoria de la etnicidad fundada en el enfoque relacional, donde se hace uso de las ideas de centralidad y descentralidad para caracterizar algunos fenomenos etnicos contemporaneos en el pais. Para fundamentar las ideas me apoyo en una etnografia comparada realizada entre los raramuris de Chihuahua y los mixtecos de Oaxaca, a quienes trato de comprender bajo ese modelo que expongo y explicar desde este las situaciones actuales de persistencia ante un mundo global. EnglishIn this essay a theory of ethnicity based on a relational approach is tested, where the ideas of centrality and decentrality are used to characterize some contemporary ethnic phenomena in Mexico. To support these ideas, I rely on comparative ethnography carried out among the Raramuri of Chihuahua and the Mixteco of Oaxaca, using the model I propose to explain the current situations of persistence in a global world.","PeriodicalId":55712,"journal":{"name":"EntreDiversidades Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades","volume":"7 1","pages":"194-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44368375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}