Journal of the Scientific Society最新文献

{"title":"Odontoblasts in health and disease with an additional note on its three-Dimensional histological perspective","authors":"Sandhya Tamgadge, A. Tamgadge, Bhagyashree Agre, Gayatri Pendse, Amisha Nayak","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_101_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_101_22","url":null,"abstract":"Teeth are considered to be the prime organs for mastication, speech, and esthetics. The basic structure of tooth involves enamel, dentin, and pulp. Each of these is formed by specialized structures during the various phases of tooth development. One of such specialized structures forming dentin of the tooth are odontoblasts. Being present at the periphery of the pulp chamber, they are in close contact with dentin through cytoplasmic extensions which travel into the entire length of dentin through dentinal tubules. In addition to dentin formation, they play a vital role in performing the various functions of the tooth including nerve sensation. They are functionally active throughout the life span of a healthy tooth and are subjective to numerous injuries causing various oral lesions. This review aims to collect the information with an additional note on the role of odontoblasts and their characteristics in a healthy and diseased tooth structure, their significance in endodontics and three-dimensional (3D) histological means.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41815190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Takayasu's disease presenting with tubercular empyema: A rare presentation of a rare disease","authors":"Neha Phate, S. Acharya, S. Shukla, S. Sushanth Kumar, P. Banode","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_126_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_126_22","url":null,"abstract":"Takayasu's disease (TD) also known as pulseless disease is an arteriopathy characterized by vasculitis affecting the aorta and its branches. It is also known as aortic arch syndrome, nonspecific aorto-arteritis, and young female arteritis. Pulmonary artery involvement in Takayasu's arteritis is a rare phenomenon. Pulmonary artery vasculitis leads to pulmonary arterial hypertension and rarely manifests as pleural effusion. Patients with pulmonary arteritis and pleural effusion usually present as chest pain, cough, and dyspnea. Percentage of involvement of pulmonary artery in TD is variable. Pleural effusion occurs as sequelae of pulmonary artery involvement. We report the case of a 46-year-old female who presented to us with fever, weight loss, dyspnea, and chest pain. Clinical examination and investigations revealed Takayasu's arteritis and tubercular empyema. This case report is a rare presentation of Takayasu's arteritis with tubercular empyema without pulmonary arteritis.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46548534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance of cycle threshold values in detection of severity and outcome in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2","authors":"B. Archana, K. Benachinmardi, SuraAnjanappa Lakshminarayana, R. Prakash, S. Sangeetha","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_170_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_170_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) is a highly transmissible and pathogenic coronavirus that emerged in late 2019. Cycle threshold (Ct) value of real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay inversely correlated with viral load and can provide an indirect method of quantifying the number of copies of viral RNA in the sample is not reported clinically. Hence, this study was undertaken to compare the Ct values of patients tested positive for SARS CoV-2 by RT-PCR with severity of illness, duration of hospital stay, and mortality. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted over a period of 6 months in a tertiary care hospital in Bangalore. All patients tested positive for SARS CoV-2 by RT-PCR and admitted in our hospital were included in the study. Details of the patients on the duration of hospital stay, age, presence of comorbidities, intubation, and mortality were collected. Results: The study comprised of 80 patients, 48 (60%) males and 32 (40%) females. The mean age of the study population was 38.38 years. Majority of patients 41.25% had Ct value between 25 and 30. Patients with lower Ct values were significant associated with increased duration of hospital stay and infected more than one person in family indicating higher probability of transmission of infection. Mortality showed significant association with patients of more than 60 years' age. Interpretation and Conclusions: The study shows possible association between Ct values of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR assay with the duration of hospitalization, infectivity, and mortality. Mention of Ct value along with the positive report could potentially be used to guide patient care management, infection control, and occupational health decisions.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44149948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thalamus - The gateway to cerebral cortex","authors":"Radhakrishna Hari, B. Padhy, Mitalee Kar","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_142_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_142_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Thalamus is an oval mass of gray matter between the third ventricle and the internal capsule. The medial, spinal, and trigeminal lemnisci are the great ascending sensory projections from the periphery. The lateral and medial geniculate bodies transmit the visual and auditory information to the cortex. The thalamus also contains motor projections from the basal ganglia, on their way to the motor cortex and supplementary motor area. Materials and Methods: Over 2-year period from November 2015 onward, 83 patients with magnetic resonance imaging confirmed nontraumatic thalamic lesions were identified, and followed up. The patient population consisted of adults above 18 years of age. They were investigated as to the cause of the lesion and treated. Results: There were 58 male patients, 25 female patients. Stroke was the major cause while less common diseases causing thalamic lesions were demyelination, tumor, calcification, and gliosis. The lesions were more common on the left side. The extent of thalamic involvement was global (50.6%) most commonly. The next common was posteromedial affection (18.1%) and dorsal thalamus (14.5%). Corresponding motor weakness (57.8%) was the most common symptom, though other symptoms such as sensory loss (30.1%), ataxia (27.7%), memory loss (12%), and gaze paresis (30.1%) were also present. Headache (31.3%) and giddiness (24%) were less common than motor weakness. Speech disturbance was seen in 49.4% of patients. Discussion: Stroke is unilateral disease, while venous thrombosis, demyelination, tumor, metabolic diseases and infection can affect thalami bilaterally. While stroke can explain the sudden onset of sensory and motor disturbances, some features like cognitive dysfunction were difficult to explain. A transient disorientation to time can follow acute anterior thalamic lesions. Some patients had language disturbances suggesting that the language dominance can extend down up to thalamus. Chronic pain can also be due to a gliotic lesion in the thalamus. Upward gaze palsy seen in a third of our patients could be due to global thalamic or due to medial longitudinal fasciculus involvement. Two patients had visual hemineglect. Sleep disturbances could also be observed in thalamic disease. Asterixis and hemifacial spasm were not seen in our patients. Three patients with strokes had brachial onset seizures, and one patient had generalized seizures. Different types of gait disturbances were observed in thalamic disease including ataxia, astasia-abasia, and hemiparetic gait. Conclusion: The most common thalamic lesion was an ischemic stroke, followed by bleed. Global thalamic involvement was more common than other partial lesions, though posteromedial and dorsal lesions are also commonly seen. Sensorimotor dysfunction is the most common clinical presentation and less frequent presentations include aphasia, memory disturbances, behavioral, and cognitive dysfunction. Movement disorders, ataxic gait, sleep distu","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47534148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin resistance and its detection tools: A narrative review","authors":"J. Mahajan, S. Acharya, S. Sushanth Kumar","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_122_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_122_22","url":null,"abstract":"Insulin resistance (IR) is a defining feature of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, and it contributes to many of the metabolic syndrome's abnormalities. Although our understanding of IR has vastly increased over time, several parts of its assessment continue to elude researchers and doctors. Although the quantitative assessment of insulin sensitivity is not regularly utilized in biochemical investigations for diagnostic purposes, the growing importance of IR has led to further research into its application. IR must be assessed in a number of clinical situations when insulin sensitivity is reduced. IR is being studied more and more in numerous disease states to help researchers better understand its pathophysiology, etiology, and implications. The gold standard approach for determining insulin sensitivity is the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamp, although it is impractical due to its labor- and time-intensive nature. As a result, a variety of surrogate indices have been used to make determining IR easier and more accurate. The goal of this study is to highlight different elements and approaches for present and future insulin sensitivity/resistance measurements. Understanding and exploiting the condition will be aided by a thorough understanding of these signs.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44530622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebellar Liponeurocytoma: Report of a Rare Entity","authors":"Kritika Singh, Ashvini Kolhe, Naina Goel","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_130_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_130_22","url":null,"abstract":"Cerebellar liponeurocytoma is a rare clinicopathological entity, included in the 2000 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the central nervous system in the category of glioneuronal tumors. These are WHO Grade II, slow-growing tumors in adults with known recurrences. To date, about 70 cases of liponeurocytomas have been reported. This tumor needs to be differentiated from oligodendroglioma as well as medulloblastoma which are more common and aggressive, requiring postoperative chemoradiation. A high index of suspicion is thus advocated for the diagnosis. We present one such case of this rare entity reported in our institute. A 42-year-old female presented with a 4-month history of headache, neck pain, reduced vision, and cerebellar signs. Imaging showed a midline lesion involving the cerebellar vermis and left lobe suggestive of anaplastic ependymoma/hemangioblastoma. The final diagnosis of cerebellar liponeurocytoma was rendered on routine histopathological examination supported by immunohistochemical analysis.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45532506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation C/Kappa: Born into a COVID-19 world","authors":"J. A. Teixeira da Silva","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_129_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_129_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42713431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restoring services targeting sexual and reproductive health during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"S. Shrivastava, P. Shrivastava","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_162_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_162_22","url":null,"abstract":"The ongoing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to be a public health emergency of global concern. The findings of the studies have reported that owing to the pandemic, the delivery of essential and emergency sexual and reproductive health-care services has been significantly jeopardized. This has resulted in a considerable rise in the number of episodes of gender-based violence, with the situation being grimmer in settings with poor health systems or among people who are being exposed to some form of humanitarian emergencies. This calls for an indispensable need to improve the delivery of sexual and reproductive health-related services to all women, especially those living in low-resource settings. To conclude, the COVID-19 pandemic has accounted for the disruption of almost all types of health-care services and the same thing has been observed with regard to the delivery of sexual and reproductive health-care needs of women. It is the need of the hour to bridge the existing gap and give adequate priority to the special needs of women, which very much determine their quality of life.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49620776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multicystic dysplastic disease of kidney in pediatric age group: A series of five cases","authors":"Sibnath Gayen, A. Chowdhury, Picaso Chowdhury, P. Halder, Damini Dutta, P. Chakraborty","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_137_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_137_22","url":null,"abstract":"Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) is a congenital somatic maldevelopment in which the renal cortex is replaced by numerous cysts of varying sizes with insinuating dysplastic parenchyma in between. In 76% of cases, it is unilateral occurring on the left kidney. The condition could be diagnosed by ultrasound during pregnancy or after delivery. According to various studies, it follows a benign course and can be managed conservatively. Here, we present a series of five cases of unilateral MCDK that required surgical management due to either parent's psychosocial constraints or incidental discovery during surgery.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48003733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The community of men who have sex with men in Ratlam City, Madhya Pradesh: A case study on risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus infection","authors":"C. Sajan, Elizabeth Jacob","doi":"10.4103/jss.jss_185_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jss.jss_185_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Not long ago, the National AIDS Control Organization awakened the matter of men who have sex with men (MSM) and incorporated it as the most important group population. Targeted interventions (TI), as projected in the NACP-III, have made dauntless efforts to launch about, that this group demands an urgent and intensive attention, indicating a significant amount of departure from its previous polices. All above-mentioned reasons prompted us to undertake this study on evaluating the risk of MSM for sexually transmitted infections. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted and all the acquired data were entered using epi info version 3.5 software and along with proper statistical procedures. Results: In the current study, 156 participants were involved, of which 90% of respondents were male and the remaining were transgender. Majority of the participants in the present study were involved in MSM activity with both regular and nonregular partners (RP)/casual partners. In the present study, 85.3% of the study participants were involved in MSM activity with a regular partner in the last 6 months, which is similar to nonregular partners reflecting high-risk activity. Conclusion: This study offers compelling evidence that MSM is more vulnerable to HIV due to a variety of variables. According to the current studies, about 37% of MSM were married. This brings up additional issues, such as the fact that women often contract HIV, because they are partners of men who are members of the population groups that are most at risk for HIV infection, such as MSM, rather than due to their own sexual behavior.","PeriodicalId":55681,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Scientific Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48514759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}