AdiccionesPub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.20882/adicciones.1570
Eugènia Campeny, Hugo López-Pelayo, Antoni Gual, Maria de Las Mercedes Balcells-Olivero
{"title":"The relevance of patterns of use: A survey to assess cannabis use related harm.","authors":"Eugènia Campeny, Hugo López-Pelayo, Antoni Gual, Maria de Las Mercedes Balcells-Olivero","doi":"10.20882/adicciones.1570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lifetime prevalence of cannabis use is estimated 192 million adults worldwide (2017) and has increased by 16% in the last decade. However, data on quantity and frequency of use that can lead to harm is lacking. We have developed a survey to assess patterns of cannabis use and related harms in a sample of cannabis users. This paper focuses on evaluating the feasibility of the survey and the users' satisfaction in a pilot sample. Forty cannabis users were recruited (>18 years old, living in Spain, cannabis use at least once during the last 12 months) between December 2018 and January 2019. Participants answered an online survey (mental health, organic harm and injury) and an ad hoc questionnaire to assess accessibility, feasibility, satisfaction, design and content appropriateness. Of the participants, 93.23% (n = 37.3) were satisfied with the design, 94.92% (n = 38.2) were satisfied with the content, and 94.73% (n = 37.0) were satisfied with the accessibility of the survey; only minor changes were required to improve feasibility and accessibility. Participants used a median of 1.0 Standard Joint Unit per day (Interquartile Range [IQR] 1.0-2.0). Of the sample, 92.5% reported at least one related harm and suffers a median of 4.0 disorders (IQR, 1.25-5.0). The present study allows for designing a feasible online survey to conduct a cross-sectional study with a larger sample.</p>","PeriodicalId":55560,"journal":{"name":"Adicciones","volume":"35 2","pages":"135-142"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9845349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AdiccionesPub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.20882/adicciones.1619
Julia Rey-Brandariz, Mónica Pérez-Ríos, María Isolina Santiago-Pérez, Leonor Varela-Lema, Alexandra Giraldo-Osorio, Nerea Mourino, Alberto Ruano-Ravina
{"title":"Smoking-attributable mortality in Spain: A systematic review.","authors":"Julia Rey-Brandariz, Mónica Pérez-Ríos, María Isolina Santiago-Pérez, Leonor Varela-Lema, Alexandra Giraldo-Osorio, Nerea Mourino, Alberto Ruano-Ravina","doi":"10.20882/adicciones.1619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Smoking-attributable mortality (SAM) is an indicator that reflects the evolution of the tobacco epidemic at the population level. The objective of this study is to identify and to describe published studies that have estimated SAM in Spain. A search in PubMed and EMBASE databases was performed, limited to studies published until April 15th, 2021. Studies that estimated SAM in Spain or its constituent regions were included. Of the 146 studies identified, 22 met eligibility criteria. The first estimate of SAM in Spain dates from 1978 and the last from 2017. Twelve of the studies found estimated SAM at national level, 8 in regions, 1 in a province and 1 in a city. Most estimates were made for adults aged over 34, categorized as smokers, ex-smokers and never smokers. Observed mortality derived, in all studies, from official records, and relative risks mostly from Cancer Prevention Study II. In the period analyzed, a decrease in the burden of SAM was observed. In Spain, different SAM estimates are available globally, but they do not have regular periodicity, and such estimates are infrequently made by region. Due to variations in methodology and data sources, it is difficult to assess changes in SAM. Having global and regional periodic estimates would be necessary to correctly monitor the tobacco epidemic in Spain.</p>","PeriodicalId":55560,"journal":{"name":"Adicciones","volume":"35 2","pages":"185-196"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9786064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AdiccionesPub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.20882/adicciones.1574
María José Pino Osuna, Carlos Herruzo Pino, Valentina Lucena Jurado, Javier Herruzo Cabrera
{"title":"Problematic Internet Use and Psychological Problems among University Students with Disabilities.","authors":"María José Pino Osuna, Carlos Herruzo Pino, Valentina Lucena Jurado, Javier Herruzo Cabrera","doi":"10.20882/adicciones.1574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Problematic internet use (PIU) among people with disabilities has received very little attention in scientific literature. The objective of this work is to study PIU among Spanish university students with disabilities, and determine whether it is related to the presence of psychological problems and discomfort. A total of 432 Spanish university students with disabilities from six universities participated in the study (35% motor disability, 22.7% sensory disability and 42.1% other disabilities, excluding psychical or intellectual disability). PIU in the sample was assessed using the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), while psychological problems were assessed using the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM). PIU prevalence was 6.3%, and significant differences were found by age (< 22 had a PIU prevalence five times higher), onset of disability (prevalence was 3.7 times higher in those with congenital disability) and main type of internet use (recreational). There were no differences by sex, level of education or type of disability. In all the dimensions measured by CORE-OM (psychological problems, subjective well-being, life functioning and risk of self-harm and harm to others), the prevalence of psychological problems was significantly higher among problematic internet users. In conclusion, university students who are disabled from birth (regardless of their type of disability and sex), under the age of 22, and use the internet mainly for social networking and recreational purposes are at greater risk of psychological distress and are more vulnerable to problems like anxiety and difficulties with social relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":55560,"journal":{"name":"Adicciones","volume":"35 2","pages":"177-184"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9780528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AdiccionesPub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.20882/adicciones.1629
Marta Sánchez-Llorens, María Isabel Marí-Sanmillán, Ana Benito, Francesc Rodríguez-Ruiz, Francisca Castellano-García, Isabel Almodóvar, Gonzalo Haro
{"title":"Personality traits and psychopathology in adolescents with videogame addiction.","authors":"Marta Sánchez-Llorens, María Isabel Marí-Sanmillán, Ana Benito, Francesc Rodríguez-Ruiz, Francisca Castellano-García, Isabel Almodóvar, Gonzalo Haro","doi":"10.20882/adicciones.1629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gaming disorder (GD) was recently included in the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases. A cross-sectional study was conducted in five secondary schools, with a final sample of 119 students. A diagnosis of GD was made in 6.4% (n = 23) of this sample. Compared with healthy subjects, adolescents with GD showed low levels of conscientiousness (F = 7.82; p = .001) and agreeableness (F = 3.31; p = .041) and scored higher in school maladjustment (SMC; F = 9.23; p < .001). Two discriminating functions were obtained that allowed us to predict patient group allocation with a success rate of 60.5% (Z1 = 0.406 × Sex + 0.560 × Conscientiousness - 0.677 × SMC; Z2 = 0.915 × Sex + 0.191 × Conscientiousness + 0.326 × SMC). Subjects with addiction differed from healthy subjects in presenting school maladjustment and low consciousness, while both groups of subjects with addiction differed in that video game addiction was proportionally higher in boys. The probability of GD was higher if subjects were male (OR [95% CI]) = 4.82 [1.17-19.81]; p = .029) and had school maladjustment (OR [95% CI] = 1.08 [1-1.17]; p = .047); while that of substance use disorder was higher if the subjects had neuroticism (OR [95% CI] = 1.07 [1-1.14]; p < .040), clinical maladjustment (OR [95% CI] = 1.10 [1.01- 1.20]; p = .020), school maladjustment (OR [95% CI] = 1.06 [1-1.13]; p = .048), low personal adjustment (OR [95% CI] = 0.94 [0.88-0.99]; p = .047) and emotional symptoms (OR [95% CI] = 0.86 [0.78-0.96]; p = .006).</p>","PeriodicalId":55560,"journal":{"name":"Adicciones","volume":"35 2","pages":"151-164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9839426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AdiccionesPub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20882/adicciones.1587
Francisco Arias Horcajadas, José Ramón Dávila Píriz, Alba Parra González, Sergio Sánchez Romero, Eva Sánchez-Morla, Israel Ampuero Sánchez, José Antonio Ramos Atance
{"title":"Cannabinoid receptor type 2 gene is associated with comorbidity of schizophrenia and cannabis dependence and fatty acid amide hydrolase gene is associated with cannabis dependence in the Spanish population.","authors":"Francisco Arias Horcajadas, José Ramón Dávila Píriz, Alba Parra González, Sergio Sánchez Romero, Eva Sánchez-Morla, Israel Ampuero Sánchez, José Antonio Ramos Atance","doi":"10.20882/adicciones.1587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The endocannabinoid system has been associated with various psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia or addictive disorders. Recent studies have found that some polymorphisms in the cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CNR2), cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CNR1) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) genes could play an important role as risk factors in the etiology of these diseases. We analysed different cannabinoid gene polimorphisms from non-substance using patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (n = 379), schizophrenic patients with cannabis use disorders (n = 124), cannabis users who did not have psychoses (n = 71), and 316 controls from various Spanish hospitals and health centres. We found a statistical association between polymorphisms rs35761398 and rs12744386 in the CNR2 gene and comorbidity of schizophrenia and cannabis dependence, as well as an association between loss of heterozygosity (overdominance) for polymorphism rs324420 in the FAAH gene and cannabis dependence in a Spanish population sample. The rs35761398 and rs12744386 polymorphisms in the CNR2 gene are genetic risk factors for schizophrenia in cannabis-dependent subjects. Loss of heterozygosity for polymorphism rs324420 in the FAAH gene is a genetic risk factor for cannabis dependence in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":55560,"journal":{"name":"Adicciones","volume":"35 1","pages":"33-46"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10694236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of neuropsychological disorders on clinical aspects of smoking.","authors":"Raquel Martín Ríos, Ignacio Martín Tamayo, Francisca López-Torrecillas","doi":"10.20882/adicciones.1590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1590","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies examining associations between cognitive measures and clinical aspects of smoking are scarce and generally limited to predicting risk profiles or relapses. However, it is essential to understand the influence of several measures of executive function in nicotine addiction in order to investigate factors associated with smoking maintenance. This study examined the ability of working memory and delay discount to predict years of smoking. The sample consisted of 180 smokers who were assessed at baseline with measures of cognitive impulsivity (Delay Discounting Task) and working memory [Visual Search and Attention Test (VSAT) and Letter-Number Sequencing (WAIS III)] while the outcome measure was years of smoking. Consistent with predictions, working memory evaluated with Visual Search and Attention Test was a statistically significant factor in predicting years of nicotine addiction. These findings suggest that working memory is clinically relevant in nicotine dependence and proposes a pattern of executive functioning associated with smoking.</p>","PeriodicalId":55560,"journal":{"name":"Adicciones","volume":"35 1","pages":"47-56"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9265594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AdiccionesPub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20882/adicciones.1583
Francisco Javier Álvarez-Gutiérrez, Marina Blanco-Aparicio, Jaime Signes-Costa, Esther Pastor-Esplá, Juan Luis García-Rivero, José Gregorio Soto-Campos, Francisco Javier Callejas-González, Pedró José Romero-Palacios, Juan Antonio Riesco-Miranda, Carlos A Jiménez-Ruiz
{"title":"Consensus document on asthma and smoking of the Regional Asthma Forum of SEPAR.","authors":"Francisco Javier Álvarez-Gutiérrez, Marina Blanco-Aparicio, Jaime Signes-Costa, Esther Pastor-Esplá, Juan Luis García-Rivero, José Gregorio Soto-Campos, Francisco Javier Callejas-González, Pedró José Romero-Palacios, Juan Antonio Riesco-Miranda, Carlos A Jiménez-Ruiz","doi":"10.20882/adicciones.1583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of active smoking in adults with asthma is similar in the total population. Smoking is associated with worse clinical control of the disease, a rapid reduction of lung function and a variable response to corticoids. Tobacco consumption negatively affects the quality of life of asthmatic patients as well as increasing the number of medical visits and hospital admissions due to exacerbations. Moreover, smoking entails a higher risk of developing lung cancer, cardiovascular comorbidities and death in asthmatic patients. Nevertheless, current asthma guidelines do not include specific recommendations on the management of smoking asthmatic patients and the treatment of the smoking habit in this subpopulation. For this reason, a narrative review of the literature was carried out for consensus using a nominal group methodology developed throughout 2019 to extract practical recommendations that would allow the diagnosis and treatment of asthma in smokers, as well as the treatment of smoking in asthmatics, to be improved. The conclusions and recommendations were validated at the SEPAR national congress of the same year. Among the most relevant, the need to address smoking in people with asthma through health advice, pharmacological treatment and behavioral therapy was emphasized, as this is a factor that negatively impacts the symptoms, prognosis and response to asthma treatment. In smokers with suspected asthma, the presence of emphysema and the differential diagnosis of other diseases should be evaluated and the impact of smoking on the result of diagnostic tests should be considered. It is also concluded that smoking reduces the response to treatment with inhaled corticosteroids, which is why combined therapy with bronchodilators is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":55560,"journal":{"name":"Adicciones","volume":"35 1","pages":"67-84"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10687387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AdiccionesPub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20882/adicciones.1923
Kilian Abellaneda-Pérez, Laia Miquel, Pilar Lusilla-Palacios, Antoni Gual
{"title":"Non-invasive brain stimulation combined with neuroimaging: Towards precision medicine in the treatment of addictions.","authors":"Kilian Abellaneda-Pérez, Laia Miquel, Pilar Lusilla-Palacios, Antoni Gual","doi":"10.20882/adicciones.1923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1923","url":null,"abstract":"* Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. ** Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. *** Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain. **** Addictive Behaviors Unit of Hospital Clinic of Barcelona. GRAC. Department of Psychiatry. ICN. Barcelona, Spain. ***** Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Spain. ****** Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions research group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. ******* Psychiatry Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM) Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. ******** Centro Bonanova de Psicología y Psiquiatría, Barcelona, Spain. ********* Emeritus Researcher, GRAC, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.","PeriodicalId":55560,"journal":{"name":"Adicciones","volume":"35 1","pages":"3-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10752470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AdiccionesPub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20882/adicciones.1506
Ali Al-Kassab-Córdova, Gonzalo Cornejo-Venegas, Nataly Gacharna-Madrigal, Carlos Baquedano-Rojas, Guillermo De La Borda-Prazak, Christian R Mejia
{"title":"Factors associated with frequent marijuana consumption in young people before admission to juvenile detention centers in Peru.","authors":"Ali Al-Kassab-Córdova, Gonzalo Cornejo-Venegas, Nataly Gacharna-Madrigal, Carlos Baquedano-Rojas, Guillermo De La Borda-Prazak, Christian R Mejia","doi":"10.20882/adicciones.1506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug in the world, especially among young people. This study is relevant to policy makers because it expands the knowledge regarding drug use in vulnerable youth, allowing health authorities to reduce marijuana consumption via educational, family, and governmental strategies and policies. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of frequent marijuana consumption and its associated factors in young people before admission to juvenile detention centers in Peru. The data was taken from the 2016 National Population Census of the Youth Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Centers in Peru. The final sample was made up of 1,848 people with ages between 14 and 22 years old, with a median age of 17 (95.6% males). The variable frequent marijuana consumption was defined as the use of marijuana at least once a week, prior to entering the center. The main factors associated with frequent marijuana use were male sex, running away from home before the age of 15, physical abuse during childhood, having a family member who consumed alcohol or drugs frequently, and the presence of criminal gangs in the housing area. Additionally, it was found that living with parents up to a specific critical age decreases the probability of frequent use of marijuana in young people. These results could aid the development of strategies and public policies that help prevent the consumption of marijuana and other drugs from an early age.</p>","PeriodicalId":55560,"journal":{"name":"Adicciones","volume":"35 1","pages":"9-20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9249705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AdiccionesPub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.20882/adicciones.1726
Antonio Jesús Molina-Fernández, María Lucía Feo-Serrato, Pablo Serradilla-Sánchez
{"title":"Impact evaluation of European strategy on Spanish National Plan on Drugs and the role of civil society.","authors":"Antonio Jesús Molina-Fernández, María Lucía Feo-Serrato, Pablo Serradilla-Sánchez","doi":"10.20882/adicciones.1726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1726","url":null,"abstract":"Send correspondence to: Antonio Jesús Molina Fernández. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Departamento de Psicología Social, del Trabajo y Diferencial. Email: antmolin@ucm.es The European Drug Strategy (2013-2020) addressed the issues of illicit drugs, new psychoactive substances, the legal sale of alcohol, tobacco and medicines with addictive potential, and behavioural addictions, promoting coordination between EU member states and within individual national action plans (European Monitoring Centre for Drug Dependency and Addiction, 2017). Coordination is a way of ensuring that actions and policies are as reasonable and efficient as possible (O’Gorman, Quigley, Zobel & Moore, 2014); it provides an action framework to prevent potential duplication; it leverages and pools efforts; it reduces people’s care and treatment timelines (EMCDDA, 2017); it saves and maximises the use of resources (financial and human) and promotes significant levels of involvement for each of the organisations forming part of the Spanish National Plan on Drugs (PNSD, 2020). The strategic objectives of the national strategy include encouraging and promoting meaningful participation and engagement of civil society (scientific and professional associations, NGOs, social partners, neighbourhood associations and others), for the purpose of which these organisations were invited to join the Spanish Council on Drug and Other Addictions. The interest of Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) in participating in policies on drugs and other addictive behaviours has been expressed in national and international forums (O’Gorman et al., 2014). To this end, CSOs have proposed the participation of drug user organisations in national forums as well as international committees (Ernesto, 2017). Commissioned by the Civil Society Forum on Drugs, a study was carried out to analyse the impact of the European Drugs Strategy (2013-2020) on the Spanish action plan on drugs, especially the role of CSOs in this impact, taking into account the perceived strengths and improvement proposals of CSOs. The study used a qualitative methodology (Flick, 2018) with an action research approach (Creswell & Creswell, 2017). The instrument used for the analysis was a focus group as a primary source and a review of articles, reports and various studies as a secondary source. As a working strategy, participatory method research was proposed. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research, COREQ, report was used during the data gathering procedure (Tong, Sainsbury & Craig, 2007). A discussion group technique was adopted using a panel of experts on addiction interventions. A group of individuals significantly involved in the subject were selected, all of them considered key contributors at the international level (Tiburcio & Kressel, 2011). The selection criteria were: being a member of a non-governmental organization; with influence in the national and international network; being active locally, national","PeriodicalId":55560,"journal":{"name":"Adicciones","volume":"35 1","pages":"85-86"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10806810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}