American Journal of Orthopsychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Is racism like other trauma exposures? Examining the unique mental health effects of racial/ethnic discrimination on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).","authors":"Chardée A Galán, Lillian Polanco-Roman, Henry A Willis, Emily N Satinsky, Adrelys Mateo Santana, Chantel T Ebrahimi, Elayne Zhou, Lorraine Y Howard","doi":"10.1037/ort0000807","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ort0000807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although scholars have increasingly drawn attention to the potentially traumatic nature of racial/ethnic discrimination, diagnostic systems continue to omit these exposures from trauma definitions. This study contributes to this discussion by examining the co-occurrence of conventional forms of potentially traumatic experiences (PTEs) with in-person and online forms of racism-based potentially traumatic experiences (rPTEs) like racial/ethnic discrimination. Additionally, we investigated the unique association of rPTEs with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), accounting for demographics and other PTEs. Participants were (<i>N</i> = 570) 12-to-17-year-old (<i>M</i>_age = 14.53; 51.93% female) ethnoracially minoritized adolescents (54.21% Black; 45.79% Latiné). Youth completed online surveys of PTEs, in-person and online rPTEs, and mental health. Bivariate analyses indicated that youth who reported in-person and online rPTEs were more likely to experience all conventional PTEs. Accounting for demographics and conventional PTEs, in-person and online rPTEs were significantly associated with PTSD (in-person: a<i>OR</i> = 2.60, 95% CI [1.39, 4.86]; online: a<i>OR</i> = 2.74, 95% CI [1.41, 5.34]) and GAD (in-person: a<i>OR</i> = 2.94, 95% CI [1.64, 5.29]; online: a<i>OR</i> = 2.25, 95% CI [1.24, 4.04]) and demonstrated the strongest effect sizes of all trauma exposures. In-person, but not online, rPTEs were linked with an increased risk for MDD (a<i>OR</i> = 4.47, 95% CI [1.77, 11.32]). Overall, rPTEs demonstrated stronger associations with PTSD, MDD, and GAD compared to conventional PTEs. Findings align with racial trauma frameworks proposing that racial/ethnic discrimination is a unique traumatic stressor with distinct mental health impacts on ethnoracially minoritized youth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"521-534"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of acculturation, enculturation, and religious orientation on Arab/Middle Eastern North African (MENA) Americans' help-seeking attitudes.","authors":"Katherine Sadek, Germine H Awad","doi":"10.1037/ort0000778","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ort0000778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Help-seeking attitudes among Arab/Middle Eastern North African (MENA) Americans remain an understudied outcome, despite significant levels of reported mental health concerns. Hierarchical linear regression was used to examine whether Arab/MENA Christians and Muslims' help-seeking attitudes were significantly associated with acculturation, enculturation, and religious orientation. Results indicated that acculturation levels were positively associated with help-seeking attitudes, wherein individuals with higher levels of dominant society immersion were more likely to report more positive attitudes toward help seeking. Extrinsic social religious orientation (ESRO) interacted with religious affiliation (i.e., Christian or Muslim) wherein higher levels of ESRO were associated with lower help-seeking attitudes for Muslims but not Christians. Moreover, enculturation and religious affiliation interacted so that higher levels of enculturation were associated with less positive help-seeking attitudes for Christians and more positive help-seeking attitudes for Muslims. Finally, intrinsic religious orientation interacted with religious affiliation so that increasing levels of intrinsic religious orientation predicted lower levels of help-seeking attitudes for Muslims and higher levels for Christians. These findings have implications for working with Arab/MENA groups and implementing interventions to improve access and attitudes toward mental health services, which are often stigmatized (i.e., socially devalued) in this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"186-198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141560434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on U.S. Latinx mental health: A validation of the Epidemic-Pandemic Impacts Inventory (EPII) scale.","authors":"Lucas Torres, Cristalís Capielo Rosario, Fiorella L Carlos Chavez","doi":"10.1037/ort0000791","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ort0000791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Known and emerging data continue to document the significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on traditionally marginalized communities living in the United States, particularly Latinx. However, at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, no validated measures were available to assess how this health crisis affected Latinx communities. The present study sought to assess the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in a sample of Latinx adults living in the United States (<i>N</i> = 2,300). Because Latinx are a heterogeneous group, we employed a person-centered approach to evaluate potential differences across negative COVID-19 pandemic impact indicators using the Epidemic-Pandemic Impacts Inventory (Grasso et al., 2020). Additionally, we assessed how these unique profiles were associated with anxiety/depression and alcohol use. Exploratory and confirmatory analyses suggested a six-factor oblique solution for the Epidemic-Pandemic Impacts Inventory. Results from a latent profile analysis identified six unique COVID-19 impact profiles that differentiated mental health outcomes. Profiles also differed along important Latinx within-group differences. The findings highlight the unique and heterogeneous COVID-19 experiences reported across the Latinx community with significant implications for mental health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"322-333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal childhood trauma, caregiving behavior, and child cognitive development in the context of drug addiction.","authors":"Jin Young Shin, Thomas J McMahon, Francesca Penner, Amanda Lowell","doi":"10.1037/ort0000802","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ort0000802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exposure to childhood trauma confers intergenerational risk on child development. However, the mechanism linking a mother's childhood trauma with her child's cognitive development remains poorly understood. This study recruited 71 mother-child dyads affected by substance use disorder from local, community-based, outpatient substance use treatment programs. Maternal exposure to childhood trauma, caregiving behavior, and child cognitive development were assessed in each mother-child dyad. These were measured through a comprehensive biopsychosocial interview, an observed dyadic interaction coded using the Coding Interactive Behavior system, and the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Screening Test, respectively. We hypothesized that compromised caregiving behavior would mediate a negative relationship between maternal childhood trauma and child cognitive development. Analyses did not support this hypothesis. Specifically, maternal childhood trauma was not significantly associated with child cognitive development nor the four dimensions of maternal caregiving behavior. However, caregiving behavior (specifically maternal sensitivity and limit setting) was associated with child cognitive development, when controlling for maternal childhood trauma and child age. The lack of associations observed suggests that protective factors may buffer the intergenerational impact of childhood trauma. Furthermore, the relationship between quality of caregiving and child cognitive development highlights the importance of interventions which foster sensitive caregiving behaviors that may bolster child cognitive development in the context of maternal substance use disorder and maternal childhood trauma. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"483-496"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"I want to succeed for her, so I can assure a better future for her\": Parenting in Bedouin society in Israel.","authors":"Nitzan Scharf, Yair Ziv","doi":"10.1037/ort0000803","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ort0000803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bedouin society in Israel is characterized as a marginalized minority (Muslim) society struggling to maintain its uniqueness in a Western (Jewish) dominant society. In this unique qualitative study, we aimed to shed light on the distinctive characteristics of Bedouin parenting practices in the context of social change by exploring Bedouin parents' accounts of factors contributing to or hampering their parenthood. Ninety-nine parents (<i>M</i>_age = 33.25, <i>SD</i> = 4.89) were interviewed about their parenting and their perceptions of Bedouin society. Interviews were analyzed using a phenomenological approach. Parents' accounts indicated a tension between preserving traditions, social norms, and religious rules that offer cohesion, comfort, and security and embracing individualistic values and cultural changes to promote social mobility for future generations. Bedouin mothers were conflicted between seeking self-fulfillment and meeting societal expectations. Whereas some emphasized investing time and effort in parenting as a form of ensuring their children's success, others saw investing in themselves as a means to improve family mobility. The findings suggest the need to be mindful of cultural values that are important to parents (e.g., maintaining traditions) and of barriers to help-seeking (e.g., viewing secular ideas as threats to religiously based social structures) when working with parents from minority indigenous societies such as the Bedouin. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"435-447"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived barriers to postsecondary education among social service-using young women: Risk and protective factors.","authors":"Noam Schuman-Harel, Tehila Refaeli","doi":"10.1037/ort0000788","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ort0000788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Integration into postsecondary education (PSE) promotes social mobility. However, young women who use social welfare services and face situations of risk and adversity encounter various barriers on their path to pursuing PSE. This study, based on social cognitive career theory and intersectionality theory, proposed a comprehensive model using risk and protective factors to predict perceived educational barriers for service-using young women not enrolled in PSE. It used data from interviews with 248 service-using young women from Israel. Multiple regression analysis revealed several associations: Young women who faced economic difficulties, had diagnoses of learning disabilities, experienced a high situation of risk, and elevated symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were more likely to report higher perceived barriers to accessing PSE. Regarding protective factors, participants with higher levels of cognitive variables (sense of mastery and academic expectations) tended to perceive lower educational barriers. Similarly, participants who reported higher family support were generally more inclined to report lower educational barriers. Peer support served to moderate the relationship between learning disabilities and perceived educational barriers. In addition, academic expectations moderated the relationship between education level and perceived barriers to accessing PSE. These findings highlight the negative effects of marginalization, risk, and PTSD symptoms on perceived educational barriers among service-using young women. They also underscore the need to develop interventions and policies that address these conditions and increase protective factors in order to improve educational opportunities for marginalized young women and help them overcome barriers that limit their integration into PSE. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"298-311"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142301777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positivity as a moderator of the association between enacted stigma and mental health among lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals.","authors":"Geva Shenkman, Kfir Ifrah, Yuval Shaia","doi":"10.1037/ort0000805","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ort0000805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we investigated the association between enacted stigma and adverse mental health outcomes in Israeli lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals. Additionally, we explored the moderating effect of positivity, namely the inclination to perceive oneself, one's life, and one's future in a generally positive outlook, in this association. For this purpose, we surveyed 520 cisgender LGB Israelis (<i>M</i>_age = 33.20, <i>SD</i> = 8.68; 30.8% self-reported as lesbian women, 48.8% self-reported as gay men, 20.4% self-reported as bisexual individuals), and assessed enacted stigma, depressive symptoms, anxiety, negative affect, and positivity. The results of the hierarchical regressions and simple slope analyses indicated that enacted stigma was associated with higher depressive symptoms, anxiety, and negative affect. As hypothesized, positivity played a moderating role in the association between enacted stigma and adverse mental health indicators, whereby the association was weaker among participants with higher positivity scores and stronger among those with lower positivity scores. The findings contribute novel insights to the sexual minority literature within the field of mental health by unfolding the role played by positivity in mitigating the detrimental effects of enacted stigma. The results underscore that practitioners should not only be knowledgeable about the negative repercussions of enacted stigma, but they should also monitor positivity and integrate interventions aimed at enhancing positivity into their clinical work with sexual minority individuals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"448-457"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Beyond the letter of the law\": A critical discourse analysis of social rights take-up in social work.","authors":"Sharon Razon, Guy Feldman","doi":"10.1037/ort0000787","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ort0000787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social work is considered a human rights-based profession. One of the major domains wherein social workers advance human rights involves carrying out actions directed at ensuring the realization of social rights of underprivileged service users. However, empirical knowledge about the actual everyday practice of social rights take-up in social work contexts is still scarce. Guided by scholarship on social rights advocacy and social work discourse, this study explores how take-up of rights discourse is manifested in social workers' advocacy efforts on behalf of their marginalized service users. To do so, the study draws on 30 rights take-up letters written by practitioners in departments of social services in Israel, relating mainly to users' right to housing, an adequate standard of living, and health care. A critical discourse analysis of the letters shows that in their efforts to secure the rights of service users, social workers primarily employed three discursive moves: <i>discourse of individual responsibility, discourse of charity,</i> and <i>clinical discourse.</i> Additional findings show that very few letters used <i>human rights discourse.</i> We conclude by offering a structural explanation for social workers' reliance on discourses that depoliticize the idea and practice of securing people's social rights. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"288-297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The lived experience of parents of children with disabilities as service users: A transformative learning theory perspective.","authors":"Menny Malka, Maayan Fine","doi":"10.1037/ort0000783","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ort0000783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study sought to examine the content and processes that characterize the lived experiences of parents of children with disabilities as service users. The study employed a qualitative approach, utilizing the photovoice methodology to explore formative experiences derived from participants' lived experiences. A total of 24 participants were interviewed; 19 were parents of children with autism and five were parents of children with other disabilities. The database was analyzed by content analysis. Four central themes were identified: (1) interactions with services and their representatives; (2) challenges embodied in the parents' lived experiences as service users; (3) translation into action: expanding the parental role; and (4) policy changing. Research findings emphasize the fact that as the child's primary caregiver, parents of children with disabilities should be treated as primary service users themselves. Services providing care and support for children with disabilities should consider parents' lived experience-based knowledge when designing and planning services. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"260-273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142301779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burdensomeness, acculturative stress, and suicide ideation among second-generation Asian American and Latinx university students.","authors":"Rheeda L Walker, Mary O Odafe, Judy H Hong, Rebecca D Jewell, Iliana M Gonzalez","doi":"10.1037/ort0000779","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ort0000779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Second-generation persons experience unique interpersonal stressors that contribute to overall risk for suicide. However, studies to date have yet to examine complex associations for interpersonal risks and suicide ideation in this growing population. Consistent with the interpersonal theory of suicide, the purpose of this study was to examine the potential moderating effects of acculturative stress (familial and general) in the association of perceived burdensomeness and suicide ideation among second-generation Asian American and Latinx young adults. Second-generation Asian American (<i>n</i> = 146) and Latinx (<i>n</i> = 139) university students completed self-measures of perceived burdensomeness, acculturative stress, suicide ideation, and depressive symptoms. Regression analyses revealed that the association for perceived burden and suicide ideation was most robust at higher levels of familial acculturative stress for Asian American study participants. Other models demonstrated likely clinical significance but did not reach statistical significance. In one example, perceived burdensomeness was associated with suicide ideation for second-generation Latinx study participants but, unexpectedly, at low (not high) levels of familial acculturative stress. General acculturative stress was not associated with suicide ideation for Asian American or Latinx university students in multivariate models. The current findings provide insight into interpersonal and contextual factors that contribute to suicide ideation for vulnerable second-generation Asian American and Latinx young adults. Further research is needed to assess shame, parental acculturative stress, and potential buffers such as peer support in risk/resilience models. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"199-211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142301773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}