American Journal of Orthopsychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Maintenance of heritage culture, internalized racism, and family conflict on self-esteem among Asian Americans.","authors":"Lydia HaRim Ahn, Da Hwin Kim, Yeeun Kim, Selin Saka, Gabrielle Balek","doi":"10.1037/ort0000794","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ort0000794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lui (2015) suggested that intergenerational family conflict can arise between immigrant children and parents due to differences in mainstream U.S. culture and traditional heritage culture. Thus, the present study examined whether Asian American college students' internalized racism and perceived mothers' and fathers' maintenance of heritage culture were related to intergenerational family conflict and, in turn, self-esteem. Data were collected from 465 self-identifying Asian American college students around the United States (<i>M</i>_age = 19.60, <i>SD</i> = 2.21). A path analysis revealed that when controlling for participant age, gender, and generational status, greater internalized racism and mothers' maintenance of heritage culture messages were linked to greater intergenerational family conflict with mothers and, in turn, lower self-esteem. In addition, internalized racism and greater perceived maintenance of heritage culture from fathers were positively related to intergenerational family conflict with fathers, but intergenerational family conflict with fathers was unrelated to self-esteem. Implications include teaching Asian American college students about the effects of internalized racism and developing interventions to mitigate mental health challenges and family conflicts among Asian Americans. Results highlight how larger macrosystems affect family dynamics and the well-being of Asian Americans and the need to improve the racial climate in the United States. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"348-356"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating behavioral, psychodynamic, recovery-oriented, and trauma-informed principles to decrease aggressive behavior in inpatient care.","authors":"Erika R Carr, Nakia Hamlett, Marc Hillbrand","doi":"10.1037/ort0000762","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ort0000762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Positive behavioral support plans have been employed since the 1980s in the service of those with developmental disabilities and in school systems and show efficacy for decreasing challenging behaviors and facilitating skill building. Recent years have seen an increased use of positive behavior support (PBS) technology with adults who experience serious mental illness. Inpatient psychiatric units can be traumatizing places as a consequence of the acuity of units and their use of containment methods to address challenging behaviors, such as aggression against others and self-injury. This has resulted in socially just movements from coercive measures in inpatient care, informed by psychotherapeutic, trauma-informed, and recovery-oriented principles that emphasize safety, person-centered values, and developing a life of meaning while ensuring trustworthiness, collaboration, and empowerment. This article describes the effectiveness of a trauma-informed and recovery-oriented PBS approach, informed by psychotherapeutic principles, in the treatment of individuals with serious mental illness on an inpatient unit in decreasing the frequency and intensity of challenging behaviors. The PBS approach is also founded on the ideals of social justice that all individuals have the right to equity and to the pursuit of a meaningful life in society. This is especially true of persons who experience the most marginalization, such as those who are involuntarily hospitalized and who face coercive measures, and who deserve interventions to help them live a life of meaning. Findings suggest that this psychotherapy integration approach leads to significant decreases in aggressive behaviors while decreasing the likelihood of exposure to traumatic experiences for patients and staff alike. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"52-58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141263651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Truth, racial healing, and transforming systems of racism.","authors":"Gail C Christopher","doi":"10.1037/ort0000765","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ort0000765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article stemmed from an acceptance speech for the Global Alliances' 2022 Presidential Award made by Dr. Gail Christopher and her daughter, Heather McGhee. Heather McGhee is a New York Times best-selling author of the book <i>The Sum of Us: What Racism Costs Everyone and How We Can Prosper Together</i>. The history, transformative impact, and importance of the truth, racial healing, and transformation movement in exposing and eradicating the fallacy of a hierarchy of human value are outlined. Dr. Christopher shares insights into the past and provides hope for the future through her Rx Racial Healing model for authentic storytelling and changes in perspective. The article also discusses the momentum of public health jurisdictions declaring racism as a public health crisis and presents a resource, Healing Through Policy: Creating Pathways to Racial Justice, that has been developed to assist jurisdictions in related work. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"82-87"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141200622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A blueprint toward youth mental wellness: A whole-community approach to supporting our schools.","authors":"Gita Jaffe, Jenny Balasa, Rachel Siegal, Samantha X L Tan","doi":"10.1037/ort0000804","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ort0000804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Globally, 250 million children and adolescents experience mental health conditions. Many more go undiagnosed and untreated, and still others experience psychological distress that, while not rising to the level of a clinical diagnosis, impacts their future outcomes. While schools have been, and continue to be, central for youth well-being, the demand for mental health services and the broader recognition of the importance of youth mental health necessitates an integrated, whole-community approach that supports schools as a central, but not sole, hub. Thus, the Global Alliance for Behavioral Health and Social Justice's Safe and Humane Schools Task Force asserts that, to build a sustainable pathway to promote youth and ultimately community well-being, in addition to preventing future mental health crises, the meaningful involvement of community stakeholders is required. Subsequently, in this article, the Safe and Humane Schools Task Force puts forth a blueprint toward youth mental wellness. The blueprint draws on an interdisciplinary approach, incorporating evidence-based literature, lived experiences, and recommendations from diverse stakeholders, particularly youth. Specifically, the blueprint provides a model for identifying traditional and nontraditional stakeholders across socioecological levels. This blueprint then describes guiding principles for stakeholders to use as part of an interdisciplinary and child rights-based approach. The key themes of the principles are participation, collaboration, belonging and social connection, accountability, and safety and security. Innovative examples of how stakeholders have incorporated these principles to advance youth mental health promotion and crisis prevention are included. Potential barriers to, and facilitators for, the blueprint are addressed. Finally, a recommended series of questions is included to be used by stakeholders to adapt this blueprint according to local context. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"497-511"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144059357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of cultural and institutional race-related stress on mental health outcomes among ethnic/racially minoritized young adults: Ethnic identity as a protective factor.","authors":"Kanila L Brown, Devin E Banks, Tamika C B Zapolski","doi":"10.1037/ort0000767","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ort0000767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Racism is multidimensional with three main domains: individual, cultural, and institutional. Much of the research linking racism/race-related stress to negative health outcomes have focused on race-related stress based on full-scale scores or within the individual domain of racism. Far less research has examined the cultural and institutional domains. Thus, the present study examined whether (a) there is a direct positive effect of cultural and institutional race-related stress on anxiety and depressive symptoms among a sample of ethnic/racially minoritized (ERM) young adults and whether (b) ethnic identity affirmation, belongingness, and commitment (EI-ABC), which has been identified as a protective factor of racism, buffers the effect of cultural and institutional race-related stress on symptoms of anxiety and depression. A total of 515 ERM young adults (58.5% females, <i>M</i>_age = 23.94, <i>SD</i> = 5.86) completed an online study examining stress and health outcomes among ERM young adults. A series of multiple regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between race-related stress and anxiety and depressive symptoms and the moderating role of EI-ABC. Cultural and institutional race-related stress were found to significantly predict symptoms of depression and anxiety. Further, EI-ABC significantly buffered the effect of cultural (but not institutional) race-related stress on anxiety symptoms. Interventions for cultural race-related stress among ERMs that target anxiety symptoms should include building high EI-ABC. Additional research should identify factors that may alleviate symptoms of anxiety or depression associated with experiencing cultural and institutional race-related stress among ERM young adults. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"101-113"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141560433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immediate mental health status of refugees during the Ukrainian armed conflict of 2022.","authors":"Yulia Roitblat, Liliia Nehuliaieva, Roksolana Nedilko, Yurii Shashkov, Michael Shterenshis","doi":"10.1037/ort0000768","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ort0000768","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study assessed stressors and the immediate mental health status of the Ukrainian refugees during the ongoing Ukrainian armed conflict of 2022 and analyzed strategies for reducing anxiety levels. The questionnaire-based prospective study was undertaken in Lviv, Ukraine (five study groups) and Israel (two groups) among 27,901 refugees and 1,259 controls. We assessed the levels of anxiety with General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7; score range = 0-21, mild to severe) and Refugees' Anxiety Reasons-6 (RAR-6) with a score ranging from 30 (<i>no anxiety</i>) to 6 (<i>extreme anxiety</i>) questionnaires. RAR-6 assessed worries about personal safety, money matters, relatives under fire, the future of the country, limited medications, and general mental fatigue. The study involved refugees in the migration phase and internally displaced persons. The GAD-7 score of 16.1 ± 2.6 (severe anxiety) showed that all participants experienced anxiety during current hostilities. The RAR-6 score of 21.8 ± 1.7 demonstrated that participants worried about numerous acute problems, but the results varied from group to group. The refugees who moved abroad independently and without a clear goal had the worst GAD-7 score of 19.4 ± 1.7. The refugees who traveled abroad in a group-organized manner had the best RAR-6 score of 24.8 ± 1.5, while passing through Lviv refugees had the worst RAR-6 score of 19.0 ± 1.6 (<i>p</i> = .03). During hostilities, refugees, internally displaced persons, and regular inhabitants are mentally affected to varying degrees. For refugees, group-organized travel abroad is the best option to maintain adequate mental health, followed by an internal refugee status and traveling abroad independently (the worst strategy). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"115-125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141560431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Familial and religious ethnic-racial socialization in promoting activism among Asian American Christians.","authors":"Emi Ichimura, Tara Shelby, Trevor Taone, Paul Youngbin Kim, Joel Jin","doi":"10.1037/ort0000766","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ort0000766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The adversity faced by Asian Americans (AAs) due to discrimination is a testament to the ongoing fight for human rights. At the crux of social activism, familial and religious ethnic-racial socialization (ERS) instills cultural values, ethnic identity, belonging to one's racial group, and a meaningful outlook, navigating generations through these challenges. This study examined the role of family and religion in amplifying social advocacy among AAs by assessing the relationship between race-related stress and social activism, as well as the mediating role of familial and religious ERS via a parallel mediation. Our research, utilizing a cross-sectional, nonexperimental design, involved 254 AA emerging adults identifying as Christian (<i>M</i>_age = 29.06, <i>SD</i>_age = 7.55), sourced from Prolific (<i>n</i> = 203) and community sampling (<i>n</i> = 51). Linear regression findings revealed significant positive associations between familial ERS and social action (β = .226, <i>p</i> < .001), as well as religious ERS and social action (β = .085, <i>p</i> = .033). Nevertheless, parallel mediation analysis through bootstrapping demonstrated that neither familial nor religious ERS fully mediated the effects of race-related stress on social activism. These results underscore the significance of applying culturally imbued insights from different contexts to address discrimination within the AA Christian community. Scrutinizing these pathways can safeguard AA Christians, while promoting the amalgamation of Christian theology and psychological science. Future research should address the spectrum of beliefs and practices within Christianity that intersect with AA families and culture, unraveling the foundations of the call for social action. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"88-100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141447666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"It's probably an addiction-It can't be anything else\": The role of addiction discourse in the self-identity of men who pay for sex.","authors":"Ayelet Prior, Einat Peled","doi":"10.1037/ort0000760","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ort0000760","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study is about the role of the addiction discourse in the self-identity of Israeli men who pay women for sex (MPWS). Using the theoretical framework of <i>symbolic interaction,</i> we identified two main contradictory themes regarding the role of the addict identity in the self-narratives of the participants: one presenting the addict identity as contributing to the participants' positive self-perception and the second as challenging it. Within a social context that often portrays MPWS as perpetrators and abusers, the addiction discourse was a useful source in helping the participants negotiate the dilemma of how to engage in \"deviant\" acts and still appear to be decent men. While not dismissing the reality of addiction or the distress experienced by some of the participants, we suggest that being \"sick\" and \"having no control over one's actions\" might be considered by some MPWS as preferable explanations to being an outlaw, or villain. However, the inconclusive nature of the sex addiction discourse intimidated some of the participants' self-identity, thus stressing the need for a clear definition and further theorization of sex addiction, particularly in the context of sex for pay. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"34-44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141082942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural-economic stress and mental health among Ukrainian immigrants residing in the U.S. post-Russian invasion.","authors":"Aigerim Alpysbekova, Mia M Cisco, Beyhan Ertanir, Duyen H Vo, Carolina Scaramutti, Lea Nehme, Pablo Montero-Zamora, Tara Bautista, Seth J Schwartz","doi":"10.1037/ort0000796","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ort0000796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study investigates the perceived impact of cultural and family-economic stressors on the mental health and well-being of Ukrainian migrants in the United States who arrived either pre- or post-Russian invasion. We used a range of tools for assessment, including the general anxiety disorder (GAD-7), CESD-B-10, Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ-22), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD-17), 10-item Revised Life Orientation Test, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, seven-item Perceived Discrimination Scale, six-item Perceived Context of Reception Scale, Language Stress-7, family-economic stress-13 (FES-13), Survivor's guilt-9, and Satisfaction with Life-5 scales. Utilizing latent profile analysis with a sample of 703 Ukrainian migrants, we identified three distinct classes based on levels of cultural and family-economic stress: low, moderate, and high stress. We found that the high-stress class reported the highest levels of depressive (<i>M</i> = 27.29, <i>SD</i> = 6.02), anxiety (<i>M</i> = 12.11, <i>SD</i> = 4.30), and PTSD symptoms (<i>M</i> = 42.19, <i>SD</i> = 11.01), along with lower life satisfaction (<i>M</i> = 10.76, <i>SD</i> = 4.99) and higher rates of Survivor's guilt (<i>M</i> = 23.07, <i>SD</i> = 7.57), trauma (<i>M</i> = 16.76, <i>SD</i> = 5.51), and alcohol misuse (<i>M</i> = 14.57, <i>SD</i> = 10.84). Conversely, the low-stress class reported higher levels of optimism (<i>M</i> = 22.14, <i>SD</i> = 5.01). Importantly, individuals arriving after the invasion were disproportionately represented in the high-stress class, with a significant majority meeting criteria for probable anxiety, depression, and PTSD diagnoses. Furthermore, a substantial portion of high-stress participants met criteria for alcohol dependence, emphasizing the pivotal role of stressors in influencing the mental health of Ukrainian migrants, and suggesting the need for tailored interventions addressing cultural and family-economic stressors. This study enhances our understanding of cultural and family-economic stress theories within a European migrant context, emphasizing the significance of arrival cohort and stress levels in mental health interventions for migrant populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"365-380"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142481676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A qualitative exploration of Muslim American college students' experiences of discrimination and coping.","authors":"Courtney A Colgan, Pratyusha Tummala-Narra, Tanvi N Shah, Tooba Fatima, Sahar M Sabet, Gayatri M Khosla","doi":"10.1037/ort0000808","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ort0000808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A majority of Muslim American college students have grown up exclusively within a post-9/11 climate of surveillance and discrimination. Recent events such as the Trump administration's \"Muslim ban\" and the Israel-Hamas War have led to additional spikes in Islamophobia and discrimination against Muslim Americans. Developmentally, college students are particularly susceptible to the impacts of discrimination because of the identity exploration that occurs during emerging adulthood. Yet, the effects of discrimination on Muslim American college students are understudied. This qualitative study sought to understand how 1.5- and second-generation immigrant-origin Muslim American college students (a) experience discrimination, (b) describe the emotional impacts of discrimination, and (c) cope with discrimination. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 13 Muslim American college students between the ages of 18 and 21 years (<i>M</i> = 19.85). Conventional content analysis yielded 14 themes and 9 subthemes. Themes consisted of pride in Muslim identity; complexity of visible markers of Muslim identity; stereotypes; microaggressions; multiple, intersecting forms of oppression; historical, ongoing sociocultural trauma; overt Islamophobia; fear, anxiety, and distrust; impact on identity; sadness and hopelessness about the future; intrapsychic forms of coping; relational forms of coping; shifting actions and behaviors; and generational differences in coping. Findings indicated that discrimination experienced by Muslim American college students is chronic, pervasive, and intersectional. Participants experienced discrimination at various stages in their development, across multiple contexts, and on account of multiple marginalized identities. Notably, participants' experiences of discrimination coexisted with a sense of pride in being Muslim. Implications for research and intervention are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"535-548"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}