Applied Mathematics and Computation最新文献

{"title":"Interaction topology optimization by adjustment of edge weights to improve the consensus convergence and prolong the sampling period for a multi-agent system","authors":"Tongyou Xu , Ying-Ying Tan , Shanshan Gao , Xuejuan Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The second smallest eigenvalue and the largest eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix of a simple undirected connected graph <em>G</em> are called the algebraic connectivity <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> and the Laplacian spectral radius <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span>, respectively. For a first-order periodically sampled consensus protocol multi-agent system (MAS), whose interaction topology can be modeled as a graph <em>G</em>, a larger <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> results in a faster consensus convergence rate, while a smaller <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> contributes to a longer sampling period of the system. Adjusting the weights of the edges is an efficient approach to optimize the interaction topology of a MAS, which improves the consensus convergence rate and prolongs the sampling period. If <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> increases, then the weight of one edge <span><math><mo>{</mo><msub><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub><mo>}</mo></math></span> increases, i.e., the increment <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>δ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub><mo>></mo><mn>0</mn></math></span>, and the entries of its eigenvector with respect to <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> are not equal. If <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> decreases, then the weight of one edge <span><math><mo>{</mo><msub><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub><mo>}</mo></math></span> decreases, i.e., the increment <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>δ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub><mo><</mo><mn>0</mn></math></span>, and the entries of its eigenvector with respect to <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> are not equal. Moreover, when considering adjusting the weights of edges, some necessary conditions for increasing <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> and decreasing <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> are also given respectively, both of which a","PeriodicalId":55496,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics and Computation","volume":"500 ","pages":"Article 129428"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weak degeneracy of the square of K4-minor free graphs","authors":"Jing Ye ,&nbsp;Jiani Zou ,&nbsp;Miaomiao Han","doi":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A graph <em>G</em> is called weakly <em>f</em>-degenerate with respect to a function <em>f</em> from <span><math><mi>V</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> to the non-negative integers, if every vertex of <em>G</em> can be successively removed through a series of valid Delete and DeleteSave operations. The weak degeneracy <span><math><mi>w</mi><mi>d</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> is defined as the smallest integer <em>d</em> for which <em>G</em> is weakly <em>d</em>-degenerate, where <em>d</em> is a constant function. It was demonstrated that one plus the weak degeneracy can act as an upper bound for list-chromatic number and DP-chromatic number. Let <span><math><mi>κ</mi><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>Δ</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn></math></span> if <span><math><mn>2</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>Δ</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>≤</mo><mn>3</mn></math></span>, and <span><math><mi>κ</mi><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>⌊</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>3</mn><mi>Δ</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo>⌋</mo></math></span> if <span><math><mi>Δ</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>≥</mo><mn>4</mn></math></span>. In this paper, we prove that for every <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>-minor free graph <em>G</em>, <span><math><mi>w</mi><mi>d</mi><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo><mo>≤</mo><mi>κ</mi><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo></math></span>, which implies that <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> is <span><math><mo>(</mo><mi>κ</mi><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></math></span>-choosable and <span><math><mo>(</mo><mi>κ</mi><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></math></span>-DP-colorable. This work generalizes the result obtained by Lih et al. in [Discrete Mathematics, 269 (2003), 303-309] and Hetherington et al. in [Discrete Mathematics, 308 (2008), 4037-4043].</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55496,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics and Computation","volume":"500 ","pages":"Article 129439"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and experimental circuit implementation of fractional single-transistor chaotic oscillators","authors":"Longxiang Fu ,&nbsp;Wanting Zhu ,&nbsp;Bo Yu ,&nbsp;Yaoyao Zhang ,&nbsp;Pedro Antonio Valdes-Sosa ,&nbsp;Chunbiao Li ,&nbsp;Leonardo Ricci ,&nbsp;Mattia Frasca ,&nbsp;Ludovico Minati","doi":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the first experimental realization of a single-transistor fractional chaotic oscillator, obtained by extending a minimalistic integer-order circuit by systematically transforming its reactive components, namely two inductors and a capacitor, into fractional elements. Starting from the Grünwald-Letnikov definition and using a string structure finite-order approximation for implementation, the dynamics are studied over a range of fractional orders. Results from equation models, circuit simulations, and experimental measurements are juxtaposed, yielding broadly consistent results. The introduction of fractional elements is found to have profound effects on the chaotic dynamics, influencing oscillation amplitude, spectral flatness, and bifurcation characteristics. In particular, inspection of the resulting Poincaré sections reveals a gradual distortion of the interplay between the relaxation and resonance aspects of the circuit dynamics with decreasing fractional order. While less generative than other manipulations, such as inserting fractal resonators, the ability to introduce fractional components into elementary nonlinear oscillator circuits provides a new, highly versatile, and compact physical tool. Potential applications include modeling electronically real-world phenomena endowed with considerable memory and nonlocality, such as neural activity and viscoelasticity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55496,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics and Computation","volume":"500 ","pages":"Article 129438"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symmetrised fractional variation with L1 fidelity for signal denoising via Grünwald-Letnikov scheme","authors":"Alessandro Lanza ,&nbsp;Antonio Leaci ,&nbsp;Serena Morigi ,&nbsp;Franco Tomarelli","doi":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We define, study and implement the model SFV-<span><math><msup><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>: a variational approach to signal analysis exploiting the Riemann-Liouville (RL) fractional calculus. This model incorporates an <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> fidelity term alongside fractional derivatives of the right and left RL operators to act as regularizers. This approach aims to achieve an orientation-independent protocol. The model is studied in the continuous setting and discretized in one dimension by means of a second-order consistent scheme based on approximating the RL fractional derivatives by a truncated Grünwald-Letnikov (GL) scheme. The discrete optimization problem is solved using an iterative approach based on the alternating direction method of multipliers, with guaranteed convergence.</div><div>A multi-parameter whiteness criterion is introduced which provides automatic and simultaneous selection of the two free parameters in the model, namely the fractional order of differentiation and the regularization parameter. Numerical experiments on one-dimensional signals are presented which show how the proposed model holds the potential to achieve good quality results for denoising signals corrupted by additive Laplace noise.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55496,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics and Computation","volume":"500 ","pages":"Article 129429"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discrete Sturm-Liouville operators having the hydrogen atom potential","authors":"Seyfollah Mosazadeh ,&nbsp;Hikmet Koyunbakan","doi":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present paper, we investigate Sturm-Liouville difference operators having <span><math><mfrac><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>−</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>r</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mfrac></math></span> type singularity. We study the properties of the eigenvalues of discrete boundary value problem and present the eigenfunction expansion. Finally, we show that the potential can be uniquely determined by the eigenvalues and weight numbers, and some numerical results are given to illustrate the main findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55496,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics and Computation","volume":"500 ","pages":"Article 129427"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring transient neurophysiological states through local and time-varying measures of information dynamics","authors":"Yuri Antonacci ,&nbsp;Chiara Barà ,&nbsp;Giulio de Felice ,&nbsp;Antonino Sferlazza ,&nbsp;Riccardo Pernice ,&nbsp;Luca Faes","doi":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Studying the temporal evolution of complex systems requires tools able to quantify the strength of predictable dynamics within their output signals. Among information theoretic measures, information storage (IS) reflects the regularity of system dynamics by measuring the information shared between the present and the past system states.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>While the conventional IS computation provides an overall measure of predictable information, transient behaviors of predictability occurring during system transitions can be assessed by time resolved measures such as the local information storage (L-IS) and the time-varying information storage (TV-IS).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>TV-IS tracks sudden changes of the information stored in the system, which is reflected in its average value computed over specific time intervals; on the other hand, the surprise originated by the emergence of a change in the predictability is reflected in the variance of the L-IS computed within specific time intervals. In neurophysiological applications, the distinct phenomena of respiratory activity in sleep apnea and brain activity during somatosensory stimulation both reveal a significant decrease of IS evoked by state transitions, highlighting how such transitions can inject new information in physiological systems, affecting significantly their internal dynamics.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>TV-IS and L-IS provide different and complementary information about the behavior of the systems under investigation, thereby offering valuable tools for the study of complex physiological systems where both stationary and non-stationary conditions may be present.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55496,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics and Computation","volume":"500 ","pages":"Article 129437"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A fast implicit difference scheme with nonuniform discretized grids for the time-fractional Black–Scholes model","authors":"Qi Xin ,&nbsp;Xian-Ming Gu ,&nbsp;Li-Bin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The solution of the time-fractional Black–Scholes (TFBS) equation often exhibits a weak singularity at initial time and possible non-physical oscillations in the computed solution due to the degeneracy of the BS differential operator. To address this issue, we combine a modified graded mesh and a piecewise uniform mesh for temporal and spatial discretizations, respectively. Then we use the fast approximation (rather than the direct approximation) of the <em>L</em>1 scheme for the Caputo derivative to establish an implicit difference method for the TFBS model. Our analysis shows the stability and convergence of the proposed scheme, as well as the <em>α</em>-nonrobust error bounds. Finally, numerical results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55496,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics and Computation","volume":"500 ","pages":"Article 129441"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Mathematical modeling of electro hydrodynamic non-Newtonian fluid flow through tapered arterial stenosis with periodic body acceleration and applied magnetic field” [Applied Mathematics and Computation, 362(2019) 124453]]","authors":"R. Padma ,&nbsp;R. Ponalagusamy ,&nbsp;R. Tamil Selvi","doi":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A mathematical model is proposed to the pulsatile flow of blood in a tapered artery with mild constriction. This study considers blood as an electrically conducting, non-Newtonian fluid (Jeffrey fluid) which contains magnetic nanoparticles. As blood conducts electricity, it exerts an electric force along the flow direction due to the induced magnetic force by an applied magnetic field which produces Lorentz force and influences the fluidity. Assuming that the pulsatile fluid flow is accelerated by a body force that has in slip velocity at the wall, a set of coupled nonlinear Navier–Stokes equation governing the flow networks is obtained. By employing Laplace and Hankel transforms on the partial equations, we obtain an exact solution for the velocity of flow pattern. Further, the evaluated axial velocity of both fluid and particle are used to find the physiological quantities such as shear stress, flow resistivity and volume of fluid flow. Their dependency on the Womersley parameter, Hartmann number, shape parameter, Jeffrey number and electrokinetic number are calculated numerically and explained graphically. Furthermore, the results are compared within slip and no slip velocities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55496,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics and Computation","volume":"500 ","pages":"Article 129418"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distance ideals of digraphs","authors":"Carlos A. Alfaro ,&nbsp;Teresa I. Hoekstra-Mendoza ,&nbsp;Juan Pablo Serrano ,&nbsp;Ralihe R. Villagrán","doi":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We focus on strongly connected, strong for short, digraphs since in this setting distance is defined for every pair of vertices. Distance ideals generalize the spectrum and Smith normal form of several distance matrices associated with strong digraphs. We introduce the concept of pattern which allow us to characterize the family <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>Γ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> of digraphs with only one trivial distance ideal over <span><math><mi>Z</mi></math></span>. This result generalizes an analogous result for undirected graphs that states that connected graphs with one trivial ideal over <span><math><mi>Z</mi></math></span> consists of either complete graphs or complete bipartite graphs. It turns out that the strong digraphs in <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>Γ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> consists in the circuit with 3 vertices and a family Λ of strong digraphs that contains complete graphs and complete bipartite graphs, regarded as digraphs. We also compute all distance ideals of some strong digraphs in the family Λ. Then, we explore the distance ideals of circuits, which turns out to be an infinite family of digraphs with unbounded diameter in <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>Γ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, that is, digraphs with two trivial distance ideals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55496,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics and Computation","volume":"500 ","pages":"Article 129430"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Out-of-equilibrium inference of feeding rates through population data from generic consumer-resource stochastic dynamics","authors":"José A. Capitán ,&nbsp;David Alonso","doi":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Statistical models are often structurally unidentifiable, because different sets of parameters can lead to equal model outcomes. To be useful for prediction and parameter inference from data, stochastic population models need to be identifiable, this meaning that model parameters can be uniquely inferred from a large number of model observations. In particular, precise estimation of feeding rates in consumer-resource dynamics is crucial, because consumer-resource processes are central in determining biomass transport across ecosystems. Model parameters are usually estimated at stationarity, because in that case model analyses are often easier. In this contribution we analyze the problem of parameter redundancy in a multi-resource consumer-resource model, showing that model identifiability depends on whether the dynamics have reached stationarity or not. To be precise, we: (i) Calculate the steady-state and out-of-equilibrium probability distributions of predator's abundances analytically using generating functions, which allow us to unveil parameter redundancy and carry out proper maximum likelihood estimation. (ii) Conduct <em>in silico</em> experiments by tracking the abundance of consumers that are either searching for or handling prey, data then used for maximum likelihood parameter estimation. (iii) Show that, when model observations are recorded out of equilibrium, feeding parameters are truly identifiable, whereas if sampling is done solely at stationarity, only ratios of rates can be inferred from data (i.e., parameters are redundant). We discuss the implications of our results when inferring parameters of general dynamical models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55496,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics and Computation","volume":"500 ","pages":"Article 129434"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}