{"title":"The maximum number of maximum dissociation sets in potted graphs","authors":"Zejun Huang, Xinwei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A potted graph is a unicyclic graph such that its cycle contains a unique vertex with degree larger than 2. Given a graph <em>G</em>, a subset of <span><math><mi>V</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> is a dissociation set of <em>G</em> if it induces a subgraph with maximum degree at most one. A maximum dissociation set is a dissociation set with maximum cardinality. In this paper, we determine the maximum number of maximum dissociation sets in a potted graph of order <em>n</em> which contains a fixed cycle. The corresponding extremal graphs are also characterized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55496,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics and Computation","volume":"508 ","pages":"Article 129618"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Routes to extreme events in forced-transmission eco-epidemic model: A dynamical-systems perspective","authors":"V.R. Saiparasad , B. Kaviya , D.V. Senthilkumar , V.K. Chandrasekar","doi":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We employ a seasonally forced eco-epidemiological predator–prey model to investigate how periodic transmission shapes population dynamics and rare outbreaks. Through numerical simulations supported by bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov-exponent spectra, and fractal-dimension analysis, we identify transitions between periodic, chaotic, and intermittent extreme-event regimes as forcing amplitude and frequency vary. A rigorous extreme-value framework, combining Generalized Pareto Peak Over Threshold (POT) fits of threshold exceedances with Gamma-distributed Inter-Spike-Interval (ISI) analysis, confirms that both amplitude and temporal outliers are accurately captured. Results indicate that high-frequency forcing enhances chaotic irregularity while inhibiting extreme peaks, whereas low-frequency forcing promotes sporadic large-amplitude events. Global elasticity indices under ±20% parameter perturbations reveal that these dynamical regimes persist under ecological uncertainty. These findings highlight the pivotal role of seasonality in disease-driven ecological dynamics and offer quantitative tools for forecasting and mitigating rare outbreaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55496,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics and Computation","volume":"508 ","pages":"Article 129619"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards the essence of Šoltés' problem","authors":"Stijn Cambie","doi":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We explore the question asking for graphs <em>G</em> for which the total distance decreases, possibly by a fixed constant <em>k</em>, upon the removal of any of its vertices. We obtain results leading to intuition and doubts for the Šoltés' problem (<span><math><mi>k</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></math></span>) and its conjectures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55496,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics and Computation","volume":"508 ","pages":"Article 129621"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Teng-Fei Li , Liming Ding , Jun Xiong , Haibing Li
{"title":"Quantized dissipative control for fuzzy hot strip mill cooling system under input constraint via dynamic output feedback approach","authors":"Teng-Fei Li , Liming Ding , Jun Xiong , Haibing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article focuses on the investigation of finite-time dissipative control for hot strip mill cooling system under input constraint. Through the utilization of the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model to depict the nonlinear components, the system under investigation is characterized by parabolic partial differential equations (PPDE). To enhance the efficiency of network resources, signals of the measurement output and control input are quantized through a specific dynamic quantizer scheme. Consequently, a spatial-independent output feedback dynamic controller is developed. The analysis of finite-time dissipative performance for the fuzzy system is provided, incorporating the impact of quantization through the constructed Lyapunov functional. Using predetermined parameters, conditions for the fuzzy cooling system are established to ensure the specified control performance, taking into account the constrained control inputs for the fuzzy closed-loop system. Additionally, a method involving arbitrary given matrices is employed to deal with the coupled nonlinear terms within the control design conditions. Finally, the effectiveness of the developed dissipative control strategy is demonstrated through the presentation of simulation results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55496,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics and Computation","volume":"508 ","pages":"Article 129615"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predefined-time control of non-strict feedback nonlinear systems subject to input saturation and output constraint: A reinforcement learning method","authors":"Ce Wang, Wei Zhao, Shaoyu Lv, Hao Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a predefined-time optimized control scheme via reinforcement learning is developed for non-strict feedback uncertain nonlinear systems subject to dual constraints of input and output signals. Initially, the adaptive optimized controller is derived within the identifier-critic-actor framework. In this approach, the unknown dynamics and control behavior are effectively described through the neural-networks approximation. The designated barrier Lyapunov function is introduced into the process of the optimized arrangement to drive the output signal remaining within the scope of constraint. Subsequently, a smooth function is incorporated for approximating input saturation, and the impact of input saturation is compensated by embedding the appropriate auxiliary control signal into the optimized controller. On this basis, the devised control strategy can make the tracking error converge into a small range around zero within a predefined time under the input saturation and output constraint. Finally, the efficacy of the constructed optimized controller is explained through a numerical example, where a comparative simulation further exhibits its advantages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55496,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics and Computation","volume":"508 ","pages":"Article 129616"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An identifying operation on a 1-planar graph with an application to acyclic coloring","authors":"Qiuyue Tan , Haizhen Qiu , Yiqiao Wang , Kan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a graph operation and gives its applications. Given a 1-plane graph <em>M</em> and its crossing point <em>x</em> formed by two crossing edges <span><math><mi>u</mi><msup><mrow><mi>u</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> and <span><math><mi>v</mi><msup><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>, an Identifying Operation with respect to <em>x</em> is defined in two steps: (1) identifying <em>u</em> and <em>v</em> such that <em>x</em> vanishes; (2) deleting loops and multi-edges (if exists). Using Identifying Operation to every crossing point, we change <em>M</em> into its associated plane graph <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>⁎</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>. Under some conditions, we show that <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>χ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>M</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>≤</mo><mn>2</mn><msub><mrow><mi>χ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>⁎</mo></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo></math></span>, where the parameters <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>χ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>M</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>χ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>⁎</mo></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo></math></span> represent the acyclic-chromatic-number of <em>M</em> and <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>⁎</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>, respectively. This generalizes a result established by Yang et al. in 2018.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55496,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics and Computation","volume":"508 ","pages":"Article 129614"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuo Zhang , Lu Liu , Chunhua Wang , Xiaomeng Zhang , Rong Ma
{"title":"Multistability and global attractivity for fractional-order spiking neural networks","authors":"Shuo Zhang , Lu Liu , Chunhua Wang , Xiaomeng Zhang , Rong Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fractional-Order Spiking Neural Network (FOSNN) has the characteristic of infinite memory and neural impulses, which can more accurately describe neural network systems and demonstrate higher precision data processing capabilities in artificial intelligence. The neural spiking leads to multiple equilibrium points coexisting in the networks system. Multistability analysis mainly studies the problem of the multiple equilibrium points, which helps to improve the robustness and reliability of the networks. However, fractional calculus and neural spiking increase the theoretical difficulty of multistability and attractivity analysis in neural networks, which is the main motivation to study and discuss. Firstly, for a Hopfield type of FOSNN with pulse activation functions, the solution existence is proved according to Filippov solutions. Secondly, the state space is divided and the sufficient conditions for multistability are proposed and proved by using fixed point theorem, Laplace transform, Mittag-Leffler function monotonicity analysis, etc. Furthermore, the boundedness and global attractivity of FOSNN are discussed based on fractional-order Lyapunov method. Finally, using the fractional-order prediction correction algorithm, some numerical examples are conducted in order to verify the correctness for all proposed results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55496,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics and Computation","volume":"508 ","pages":"Article 129617"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hai-Su Wang , Zhong-Rong Lu , Ji-Ke Liu , Guang Liu
{"title":"Semi-analytical solution and nonlinear characterization analysis of fractional-order nonlinear systems based on the time-domain minimum residual method","authors":"Hai-Su Wang , Zhong-Rong Lu , Ji-Ke Liu , Guang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel application of the time-domain minimum residual method (TMRM) to fractional-order nonlinear systems, with particular emphasis on the fractional-order trigonometric series expansion of operators. The primary contributions of this work include the derivation of high-precision periodic solutions for fractional-order nonlinear systems, a comprehensive decay analysis of residuals, the proof of <em>S</em>-asymptotically <em>T</em>-periodic behavior in these systems, and the development of a complete methodology for applying the TMRM to obtain semi-analytical solutions for such systems. The key steps of this study are as follows: Firstly, derive the trigonometric series expansions of various types of fractional-order differential operators. Then, a thorough decay analysis of the residuals reveals that these systems exhibit <em>S</em>-asymptotically <em>T</em>-periodic behavior, rather than strictly periodic solutions. Next, numerical examples are presented, including a single-degree-of-freedom system and a coupled van der Pol-Duffing system to validate the proposed method, which demonstrates complex nonlinear phenomena such as periodic-doubling bifurcation and chaos. The results underscore the effectiveness of TMRM in obtaining high-precision solutions for fractional-order systems, offering a robust foundation for the analysis and control of nonlinear dynamics in practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55496,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics and Computation","volume":"508 ","pages":"Article 129611"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-pursuer single-evader privacy-preserving differential games","authors":"Yinglu Zhou, Yinya Li, Andong Sheng, Guoqing Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates a multi-pursuer single-evader (MPSE) differential game with privacy-preserving over time-varying unbalanced directed network topologies. A novel player decomposition mechanism for the MPSE differential game with privacy-preserving is proposed. Distributed control strategies under this mechanism are then designed based on the Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaacs (HJI) and the Nash equilibrium of these strategies is proved. The interception condition related to a proposed novel coupling gain and reconstructed symmetric Laplacian matrix based on the weight balancing method is derived to guarantee that multiple pursuers successfully intercept the evader over time-varying unbalanced directed network topologies. Privacy-preserving is also verified to ensure that the state of any pursuer is not disclosed. Especially, the privacy-preserving algorithm is proved to be applicable to the continuous-time system, which is different from most existing studies whose research system is the discrete-time case. Illustrative examples are given to demonstrate that all pursuers can intercept the evader and that the private information they carry can be preserved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55496,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics and Computation","volume":"508 ","pages":"Article 129612"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Consensus of different-order switched multi-agent systems on matrix-weighted networks","authors":"Suoxia Miao , Housheng Su","doi":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper considers the consensus issue for continuous time different-order switched multi-agent systems over matrix weighted networks. A new consensus protocol is designed for second-order and first-order subsystem, respectively. Under the designed algorithm, utilizing matrix theory, variable transformation and Lyapunov stability theory, two methods are used to obtain the consensus criterion of different-order switched matrix weighted MASs, which depend on factors such as network topology, coupling gains, and average dwell time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55496,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics and Computation","volume":"508 ","pages":"Article 129610"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}