Attention Perception & Psychophysics最新文献_第6页

Can the visual system explicitly represent distributions of emotional expressions? 视觉系统能明确地表示情绪表达的分布吗？

IF 2 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2026-07-22 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-026-03309-5

Dmitry Koch, Vladislav Khvostov

{"title":"Can the visual system explicitly represent distributions of emotional expressions?","authors":"Dmitry Koch, Vladislav Khvostov","doi":"10.3758/s13414-026-03309-5","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-026-03309-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The visual system can quickly extract statistical properties of multiple objects (ensembles). Observers can explicitly access and report the distribution of low-level features, such as color. Here, we investigate whether explicit access extends to the distributions of high-level features (e.g., emotional expressions of a group of faces). In Experiment 1, we presented observers with ensembles that had a Gaussian, uniform, or bimodal distribution of emotional expressions (or colors as a low-level baseline condition). The task was to report the frequency of a randomly chosen feature value. Observers’ responses closely followed the underlying distribution for colors but were much noisier for the emotional expressions. Observers could distinguish all the three color distributions, while they could discern only the most contrasting distributions of emotional expressions (Gaussian and bimodal). Additionally, modeling showed that observers’ performance in both conditions was based on the integration of global information rather than the subsampling of a few objects. Experiment 2 showed that disrupting holistic face processing via face inversion manipulation does not change the observer’s performance for ensembles of emotional expressions. This suggests that holistic processing does not substantially contribute to forming distributional representations of emotional expressions. Instead, the visual system relies on low-level and mid-level correlates (e.g., mouth curvature, brows’ tilt) to build a distributional representation of multiple facial expressions. Our findings help to explain how people can quickly obtain emotional information from many faces in a crowd and have a rich perceptual experience despite severe capacity limitations of visual attention and working memory.</p><p>The trial-level data, stimuli, stimuli presentation code and analysis code from all experiments reported in this article can be accessed online (https://osf.io/cfuy3/). The studies were not preregistered.</p>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"88 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148563805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Within-trial and across-trial distractor rejection mechanisms 试验内和试验间分心物排斥机制。

IF 2 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2026-07-20 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-026-03311-x

Luca Betteto, Matteo De Tommaso, Massimo Turatto

{"title":"Within-trial and across-trial distractor rejection mechanisms","authors":"Luca Betteto, Matteo De Tommaso, Massimo Turatto","doi":"10.3758/s13414-026-03311-x","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-026-03311-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Color singleton distractors’ interference is known to be modulated by rejection mechanisms based on the distractors’ probability of occurrence at different locations. Here, to further address color-singleton distractor rejection, we used a modified version of the additional-singleton paradigm, where four consecutive displays were presented in rapid succession on each trial. In Experiment 1 the irrelevant singleton was either presented in the last display (single location, 40% probability) or repeated in all four displays (repeated location, 10% probability), with the two conditions appearing at separate locations. Contrary to common observations, we found that capture was much more attenuated at the repeated location, despite the lower distractor probability. Furthermore, we found no signs of target-processing impairment at the repeated location where capture was basically eliminated, whereas capture was present at the single location. In Experiment 2, where both locations had repeated distractors, we found target-processing impairment only at the location with the highest distractor probability (40%). Experiment 3 indicated that suppression, regardless of any within-trial distractor repetitions, becomes evident only when the distractor probability is high enough (35%). Experiment 4 replicated the main findings in a single experiment, within the same group of participants. The results suggest the possible existence of distinct rejection mechanisms based on within-trial and across-trials distractor repetitions. While suppression is probably involved in the across-trials rejection mechanism, we propose that the one operating on a shorter within-trial time scale is likely controlled solely by a distractor-expectation or distractor-prediction error mechanism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"88 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13385265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148537630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Not all benefits are equal: Incentives to seek reward and avoid penalty improve sustained attention in continuous performance tasks 并不是所有的好处都是平等的：寻求奖励和避免惩罚的激励可以在持续的绩效任务中提高持续的注意力

IF 2 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2026-07-16 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-026-03308-6

Matthieu Chidharom, Edward K. Vogel, Monica D. Rosenberg

{"title":"Not all benefits are equal: Incentives to seek reward and avoid penalty improve sustained attention in continuous performance tasks","authors":"Matthieu Chidharom, Edward K. Vogel, Monica D. Rosenberg","doi":"10.3758/s13414-026-03308-6","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-026-03308-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sustained attention is notoriously difficult to maintain over time, with attentional lapses emerging rapidly during prolonged tasks. Motivation has been identified as a key factor in reducing these lapses and enhancing task engagement. According to recent accounts such as the goal-competition hypothesis, the perceived benefit associated with a goal helps sustain its active representation in working memory. These benefits can arise from the prospect of gaining a reward, avoiding a penalty, or both. However, it remains unclear whether avoiding a penalty – or the combination of penalty and reward – improved sustained goal maintenance to the same extent as pursuing a reward alone. To address this question, we recruited 30 participants to complete a “continuous performance task” (CPT) in which the type of benefit associated with the goal varied every 20 trials (reward, penalty, both, or no benefit). Replicating prior findings, we observed that rewards reduced attentional lapses compared to a no-benefit baseline. Avoiding penalties and combining both incentives also improved sustained attention in CPT, though the penalty condition was less effective than the combined condition. This suggests that while any perceived benefit can support goal maintenance, the motivational mechanisms may differ depending on the type of benefit – particularly when avoiding penalties alone.</p><p>The data and codes are available on the Open Science Framework repository at: https://osf.io/scmht/?view_only=df4ed739b7df40b19cc1ba00097450c5. It includes trial-level data, processed subject-level data, experiment task code, and analysis code. The study was not preregistered.</p>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"88 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758/s13414-026-03308-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visual recognition memory does not benefit from preserved temporal order from encoding to test 视觉识别记忆不能从编码到测试的时间顺序中获益

IF 2 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2026-07-16 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-026-03307-7

Chong Zhao, Keisuke Fukuda, Geoffrey F. Woodman

{"title":"Visual recognition memory does not benefit from preserved temporal order from encoding to test","authors":"Chong Zhao, Keisuke Fukuda, Geoffrey F. Woodman","doi":"10.3758/s13414-026-03307-7","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-026-03307-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research suggests that items from similar spatiotemporal contexts are more likely to be retrieved together. Here, we sought to test whether preserving temporal order from encoding to test might lead to a retrieval benefit. Then, we tested the participants using test items that were either presented in the same order as during encoding, or the order of items was different due to it being randomized. Across two experiments, we found that maintaining the same temporal order did not improve overall memory performance in the visual old/new recognition task we used. Next, we show that conditional-response probability plots demonstrate temporal grouping from the study order, but the strength of that grouping was unmodulated by whether the same order or a random order was used during recognition testing. Lastly, we used a two-alternative forced-choice task and again found that presenting old items in their original order, without intervening new items, did not enhance recognition memory performance. Thus, we find that for visually presented common objects tested with recognition, we do not see that the same order boosts participants’ ability to retrieve a sequence of visual objects from memory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"88 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758/s13414-026-03307-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Arousal and attentional processes in the relationship between pain and time perception: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analytic structural equation modeling 唤醒和注意过程在疼痛和时间感知之间的关系：来自系统回顾和元分析结构方程模型的证据

IF 2 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2026-07-16 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-026-03303-x

Chunhua Xiao, Huazhan Yin, Dehua Wu

{"title":"Arousal and attentional processes in the relationship between pain and time perception: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analytic structural equation modeling","authors":"Chunhua Xiao, Huazhan Yin, Dehua Wu","doi":"10.3758/s13414-026-03303-x","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-026-03303-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Distortions in time perception under pain have been widely reported, yet the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. The Attentional Gate Model and prior empirical research indicate that attention and arousal are associated with pain and time perception, yet their roles remain unexamined in a unified framework. The study aimed to investigate the mediating roles of arousal, attention control, and attention bias in the relationship between pain and time perception. A systematic search of China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Web of Science, and PubMed identified studies reporting associations among pain, arousal, attention control, attention bias, and time perception. A two-stage meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach was used to test mediation, with multilevel meta-regression analyses examining moderation by age, gender, pain type, and target duration. A total of 154 articles (176 independent studies) were included. Pain was positively correlated with time perception, arousal, and attention bias. Both arousal and attention bias were positively correlated with time perception, while arousal was negatively correlated with attention control and attention bias. Mediation analysis showed that only arousal had a significant mediating effect. Moderation analysis indicated that age, gender, and target duration significantly moderated the relationships between attentional processes and time perception, with age additionally moderating the relationship between attention control and attention bias. Overall, arousal showed a mediating role between pain and time perception, while attentional effects are context-dependent. This study extends the Attentional Gate Model to pain and clarifies the roles of arousal and attentional mechanisms in temporal experience under pain.</p><p>This study was preregistered on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/suzhn/). The data and code are publicly available online (https://osf.io/3ucvb/).</p>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"88 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shared capacity limitations in auditory scene analysis and central attention: Evidence from auditory search in a dual-task paradigm 听觉场景分析和集中注意力的共享能力限制：来自双任务范式下听觉搜索的证据。

IF 2 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2026-07-14 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-026-03297-6

Florian Kattner, Samuel Conrad

{"title":"Shared capacity limitations in auditory scene analysis and central attention: Evidence from auditory search in a dual-task paradigm","authors":"Florian Kattner, Samuel Conrad","doi":"10.3758/s13414-026-03297-6","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-026-03297-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Auditory scene analysis enables listeners to segregate and group a mixture of sounds into coherent streams, but it remains controversial to what extent this process depends on the availability of central attention. While previous research suggests that the guidance of visual attention may be independent of central capacity limitations, it remains unclear whether auditory selective attention can operate in parallel with central attention. Across two online experiments, it was tested whether attentional search in complex auditory scenes is limited in capacity and subject to the central processing bottleneck using a dual-task paradigm with the locus-of-slack method. Participants were first asked to identify target sounds within auditory scenes of varying set sizes (1–8 sounds), either as a single task or together with a visual discrimination task at variable stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). Results from single-task blocks revealed robust auditory set-size effects on response times and error rates, indicating capacity limitations and serial processing during auditory scene analysis. In the dual-task paradigm, auditory search times increased at short SOAs, demonstrating a psychological refractory period. Critically, the auditory set-size effects persisted, but were not attenuated at short SOAs, suggesting that auditory search time has not been absorbed into the slack due to the central processing bottleneck. In contrast to some evidence from the visual attention literature, these findings indicate that auditory scene analysis and central attention depend on shared capacity limitations, thus highlighting the importance of attentional control in complex listening situations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"88 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758/s13414-026-03297-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148450686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding Navon: Different designs of local-global tasks capture different bias effects 理解Navon：不同的局部-全局任务设计捕获不同的偏差效应。

IF 2 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2026-07-13 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-026-03300-0

Felix Schweigkofler, Sjoerd Stuit, Johan Wagemans, Leendert van Maanen, Stefan van der Stigchel

{"title":"Understanding Navon: Different designs of local-global tasks capture different bias effects","authors":"Felix Schweigkofler, Sjoerd Stuit, Johan Wagemans, Leendert van Maanen, Stefan van der Stigchel","doi":"10.3758/s13414-026-03300-0","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-026-03300-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>When processing hierarchical compound figures with local elements in a global shape (often called the “Navon task”), an observer may perceive information from the local or the global level more quickly and/or accurately. This difference is referred to as local-global bias. This basic principle – measuring a difference between the local and global level – is conceptually very broad and can be implemented with many different task designs and figure designs. Importantly, however, there exists a pervasive notion of this bias being a unitary construct or even representative of a stable perceptual or cognitive style. However, few studies have examined the various facets of local-global bias across different task designs or assessed the retest reliability of these measures. Our study aimed to deepen the understanding of local-global bias by using three different hierarchical compound figure tasks: the Navon task and two Kimchi-Palmer task variations (one preference-based, one performance-based). We tested 75 participants across two sessions 1 week apart. Our findings revealed that metrics from the Navon task are not test-retest reliable, whereas two metrics from the Kimchi-Palmer tasks are. Some metrics were correlated between the Kimchi-Palmer tasks, but not between the Kimchi-Palmer task and the Navon task. These results suggest that local-global bias is not a unitary construct, and that different tasks measure different underlying mechanisms. We discuss possible reasons for these differences and suggest that future research should use multiple local-global tasks or otherwise prioritize Kimchi-Palmer tasks for studying individual traits and possibly Navon tasks for temporary and group-level effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"88 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758/s13414-026-03300-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148438951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What contributes to our perception of the Shepard Tabletop Illusion? 是什么促成了我们对谢泼德桌面错觉的认知？

IF 2 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2026-07-09 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-026-03306-8

Irene Sperandio, Bianca Maria Monti, Margherita Piazza, Saman Kamari Songhorabadi, Federica Debernardis, Debra Griffiths, Philippe A. Chouinard

{"title":"What contributes to our perception of the Shepard Tabletop Illusion?","authors":"Irene Sperandio, Bianca Maria Monti, Margherita Piazza, Saman Kamari Songhorabadi, Federica Debernardis, Debra Griffiths, Philippe A. Chouinard","doi":"10.3758/s13414-026-03306-8","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-026-03306-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A vertical parallelogram placed next to an identical one but rotated horizontally by 90 degrees gives rise to one of the most powerful geometrical illusions: the Shepard Tabletop Illusion. In this illusion, the two parallelograms, or tabletops, are perceived as having different aspect ratios: the vertical one appears longer and thinner than the horizontal one. Although the exact mechanisms responsible for the illusion remain unclear, it is commonly understood that the brain treats the vertical tabletop as a three-dimensional object receding into the distance, and the horizontal one as an object closer in view. Here, we investigated the role of depth cues, texture, shape constancy, mental rotation, and autistic-like traits in the illusion. Using the method of adjustment, we measured susceptibility to four variants of the illusion: (i) plain parallelograms; (ii) plain tables; (iii) wood-like parallelograms; (iv) wood-like tables. We also measured participants’ shape constancy and mental rotation abilities, along with autistic-like traits. The results revealed that illusion strength increased with the inclusion of additional depth cues but decreased when wood-grain texture was added to the table configurations. Additionally, illusion strength correlated with mental rotation but not with shape constancy abilities. Also, there were instances in which illusion strength decreased with an increase in autistic-like traits. These findings demonstrate that the Shepard Tabletop Illusion cannot be explained solely by theories of depth perception. Processes related to the analysis of low-level visual features and mental rotation, as well as individual differences in autistic-like traits, seem to play a role as well.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"88 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758/s13414-026-03306-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148426767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modality-dependent bottom-up attention and eye gaze direction affect auditory spatial discrimination 模态依赖的自下而上注意和眼睛注视方向影响听觉空间辨别。

IF 2 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2026-07-09 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-026-03305-9

René Šebeňa, Jyrki Ahveninen, Virginia Best, Barbara Shinn-Cunningham, Norbert Kopčo

{"title":"Modality-dependent bottom-up attention and eye gaze direction affect auditory spatial discrimination","authors":"René Šebeňa, Jyrki Ahveninen, Virginia Best, Barbara Shinn-Cunningham, Norbert Kopčo","doi":"10.3758/s13414-026-03305-9","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-026-03305-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A combined behavioral and EEG experiment examined the effects of intramodal and crossmodal cueing on auditory spatial discrimination. On each trial, the participant fixated a neutral location and was presented with an auditory target (two broadband “buzzes” with a slight relative spatial offset) from one of two locations (central or lateral). The target was preceded by a cue varying in its validity (presented from the same or a different location than the target with a 50% probability) and modality (auditory or visual, in separate blocks). The participant’s task was to indicate the direction of the target shift, irrespective of the noninformative cue. Behavioral results showed that valid auditory cues improved discrimination sensitivity relative to invalid cues, while visual cue validity had no effect. Moreover, discrimination responses were biased away from the gaze direction for both cue modalities, with an additional bias away from the invalid auditory cues. EEG analysis identified neural correlates of the behavioral effects; specifically, both cue validity and modality modulated target-elicited auditory N1 and N2 components, while the more posteriorly distributed P3 correlated weakly with response biases. Finally, an auditory cue-evoked posterior contralateral positivity (ACOP) was consistent with a visual (eye-centered) rather than an auditory (head-centered) reference frame, suggesting that auditory signals are converted into a visual representation prior to directing bottom-up attention.</p><p>The data supporting the findings of this study are openly available on Zenodo [10.5281/zenodo.17035882]. The repository includes trial-level behavioral data and raw EEG data associated with the present studies. The studies reported in this manuscript were not preregistered.</p>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"88 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758/s13414-026-03305-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148426770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is there a cost in forming statistical summary representations at multiple spatial scales? 在多个空间尺度上形成统计摘要表示是否有成本？

IF 2 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2026-07-06 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-026-03301-z

Sandarsh Pandey, Kyle R. Cave

{"title":"Is there a cost in forming statistical summary representations at multiple spatial scales?","authors":"Sandarsh Pandey, Kyle R. Cave","doi":"10.3758/s13414-026-03301-z","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-026-03301-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Visual processing often entails forming statistical summary representations (SSRs) to encode properties of groups of similar objects. It has been debated whether forming these representations—also referred to as ensemble coding—requires limited capacity resources. We ask for the first time whether forming SSRs at multiple spatial scales incurs a cost in visual processing efficiency. Inspired by Navon’s hierarchical stimuli, we spatially arrange several small tilted rectangles to create multiple large tilted rectangles. Participants estimate the mean orientation of either the large rectangles (low spatial frequency) or the small rectangles (high spatial frequency). Experiment 1a uses a cueing paradigm to demonstrate a cost in the formation of SSRs at multiple spatial scales. We propose a two-part SSR formation framework, according to which SSR formation involves the formation of single-item representations (Part 1) followed by the averaging of the single-item representations (Part 2). SSR formation cost could arise from Part 1, Part 2, or both. Experiment 1b shows that estimating the single-item orientation at multiple spatial scales incurs a cost also. Comparing results from both experiments reveals that there is no cost associated with SSR formation above and beyond the single-item formation cost (i.e., the averaging part is cost free). We replicate this finding in Experiment 2, in which “task” (SSR estimation vs. single-item estimation) is varied within subject. These findings can potentially address the debate surrounding whether SSR formation incurs a cost—the averaging operation is perhaps cost free, and whether or not SSR formation incurs a cost depends on whether single-item formation incurs a cost.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"88 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148400133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0