BioethicsPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-05-17DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13304
Łukasz Wiktor, Maria Damps, Grace Kansayisa, Szymon Pietrzak, Bartłomiej Osadnik
{"title":"Bioethical challenges in postwar development aid: The Rwandan case study.","authors":"Łukasz Wiktor, Maria Damps, Grace Kansayisa, Szymon Pietrzak, Bartłomiej Osadnik","doi":"10.1111/bioe.13304","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bioe.13304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article considers aspects of a development aid that provides medical support to strengthen pediatric orthopedics in Rwanda. We present part of the Afriquia foundation work, a nonprofit foundation from Poland involved in supporting the medical sector in Rwanda as a sign of global solidarity and the human right to health. The main foundation's activity is the treatment of orthopedic problems among Rwandan citizens. We present a case study of two children under the care of the Afiquia foundation. 11-year-old Seraphine treated due to the consequences of right tibia osteomyelitis and 11-year-old Lavi suffering from osteogenesis imperfecta. Both children were treated surgically in Poland due to Rwanda's lack of treatment possibilities. After the applied treatment, Seraphine walks correctly without crutches and can attend school and thrive among her peers. Lavi has not sustained any fragility fracture since the surgery in Poland. He is healthy and constantly ongoing his rehabilitation including gait training. The described cases initiated development aid in Rwanda, supplying hospitals with orthopedic implants and training medical staff. The growing number of humanitarian crises across the globe and the people affected requires increasing organizations involved in providing relief. The emphasis should be on global education, aiming to make the recipients reflect and prepare them to face humanitarian crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":55379,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":"90-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140961065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BioethicsPub Date : 2024-12-25DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13389
Shane Ward
{"title":"A defense of ectogenic abortion.","authors":"Shane Ward","doi":"10.1111/bioe.13389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bioe.13389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A popular argument for a right to ectogenic abortions appeals to a right to avoid the obligations associated with parenthood. A common objection to this argument questions whether there are any sufficiently great harms associated with parenthood to ground such a right. I propose a novel formulation of this argument that avoids these objections. I then defend it against important objections.</p>","PeriodicalId":55379,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142886513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BioethicsPub Date : 2024-12-21DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13384
Javier Fernández-Costales Muñiz
{"title":"Medical test and employee's autonomy. Confidentiality of data and non-discrimination.","authors":"Javier Fernández-Costales Muñiz","doi":"10.1111/bioe.13384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bioe.13384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monitoring health is one of the basic principles of Occupational Health and Safety. The main objective of this monitoring will be the detection of possible damage to health arising from work. They try to discover the effects that the inherent risks with the work may cause the worker, which will show, given the case, through an alteration of health or the state of organic and functional state, both physically and mentally. Regarding the monitoring of health, there are many and varied issues to be raised concerning the right to personal privacy. Thus, notably, whether there was effective consensus, and whether, in particular, the object and the purpose of the medical examination meant a disregard of the statutory scheme, an excess or even a failure to comply with the terms of the Spanish Constitution. The limits imposed by the law makers to the productive unit will play a key role in identifying the content of the company obligation to monitor health, being in many cases guarantees of constitutional rights. Therefore, the methods of health monitoring and control of workers will always be carried out respecting the privacy and dignity of the worker as well as the confidentiality of all information related to their health.</p>","PeriodicalId":55379,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BioethicsPub Date : 2024-12-19DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13383
Julian W. März, Daniel Messelken, Nikola Biller-Andorno
{"title":"Bioethics challenges in times of war","authors":"Julian W. März, Daniel Messelken, Nikola Biller-Andorno","doi":"10.1111/bioe.13383","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bioe.13383","url":null,"abstract":"<p>According to data from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), the past 3 years have witnessed the highest number of deaths in armed conflicts since 1994, the year of the Rwandan genocide. Between 2021 and 2023, the UCDP recorded more than 700,000 deaths in armed conflicts, with over 320,000 in Ethiopia, more than 160,000 in Ukraine, over 44,000 in Mexico, more than 40,000 in Afghanistan, and over 32,000 in Syria.2 The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees estimates that more than 120 million people worldwide have been forcibly displaced by the end of April 2024.3</p><p>This special issue seeks to provide a broad perspective on the ethical and human rights challenges faced by healthcare providers and policymakers in the context of, or as a consequence of, armed conflict. Since we launched the first call for contributions to this special issue in June 2022, sadly, more armed conflicts have started, including the Israel–Hamas and Israel–Hezbollah wars,4 a civil war in Sudan, and a new escalation of the Nagorno–Karabakh conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan.</p><p>For this special issue, we have selected contributions that provide theoretical reflections on (bio-)ethical and human rights challenges in the context of war, as well as discussions of ethical and human rights issues in specific armed conflicts. We have aimed to achieve a collection of diverse voices and perspectives and to include contributions from various world regions and different academic and professional backgrounds. Our special issue does not aim to provide a definitive or comprehensive analysis of currently occurring armed conflicts, nor does it claim to cover all ethical and human rights issues in the context of armed conflicts. Such ambitious objectives would be beyond the scope of even a much more substantial publication. Rather, we view this special issue as an explorative work that intends to motivate a broader academic community to engage with the field of bioethics in armed conflict. Indeed, there is great need for a plurality of voices united in the endeavor of contributing to an inclusive global discourse on the ethical and human rights challenges of armed conflicts.</p><p>Ethics and human rights can fulfill various roles in the context of armed conflicts: analyst, arbiter, mediator, documenter, and a voice for those suffering from the consequences. In all these functions, empathy as well as evidence-based, transparent reasoning play a key role. Furthermore, ethical analysis contributes to the formulation of novel standards of international humanitarian law, which may be required in response to evolving practices in warfare. It is also pertinent to note that, according to the Geneva Conventions, medical personnel operating in the context of international armed conflicts are bound by the principles of medical ethics. Nevertheless, research on medical ethics in armed conflict remains a niche subject, with only a few specialized research centers around the wo","PeriodicalId":55379,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics","volume":"39 1","pages":"3-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bioe.13383","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BioethicsPub Date : 2024-12-19DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13390
Travis Rebello
{"title":"Sex and the planet: What opt-in reproduction could do for the globe By \u0000 Battin, Margaret Pabst, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. 2024. pp. 264. $35.00 (Paperback). ISBN 9780262547987","authors":"Travis Rebello","doi":"10.1111/bioe.13390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bioe.13390","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55379,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics","volume":"39 3","pages":"302-303"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}