Bioethics最新文献_第4页

Loneliness as lack of solidarity: The case of Palestinians standing alone 孤独是缺乏团结：孤独的巴勒斯坦人

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13368

Zohar Lederman, Tamara Kayali Browne, Liyana Kayali, Shumel Lederman, Zvika Orr

引用次数: 0

To never exist is always best. A critique of the metaphysics of pronatalism in contemporary bioethics 永远不存在永远是最好的。对当代生命伦理学中的代孕形而上学的批判。

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13376

Konrad Szocik

引用次数: 0

Biology of kindness: Six daily choices for health, well-being, and longevity By Immaculata De Vivo and Daniel Lumera, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. 2024. pp. 264. $24.95 (Paperback); $24.99 (eBook). ISBN: 9780262547659

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13377

Raymond D. Villareal, Gustavo Carlo

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Family-making avec emerging technologies and/or non-human animals 与新兴技术和/或非人类动物建立家庭。

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13371

Niñoval F. Pacaol, Alderf Anthonio T. Cabero, Britten Izzy A. Ragonot, Alysha Mae A. Cajes, Princess Zuemaeyah J. Sarsalejo, Ybrahim Jamil B. Monge, Jacob Razel D. Villaluz, Abishai Andea A. Adorna

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Autonomy and prevention: From conflicting to complementary aims of prenatal screening 自主与预防：产前筛查的目标从冲突到互补。

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13380

Wybo Dondorp, Guido de Wert, Ellis C. Becking, Peter G. Scheffer, Mireille Bekker, Lidewij Henneman

{"title":"Autonomy and prevention: From conflicting to complementary aims of prenatal screening","authors":"Wybo Dondorp, Guido de Wert, Ellis C. Becking, Peter G. Scheffer, Mireille Bekker, Lidewij Henneman","doi":"10.1111/bioe.13380","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bioe.13380","url":null,"abstract":"From an ethical point of view, there is an important distinction between two types of prenatal screening. The first of these targets maternal or foetal conditions (e.g., infectious diseases, blood group sensitization) where early detection allows for interventions that improve the chances of a healthy pregnancy outcome. The second screens for foetal conditions such as Down syndrome, where a timely diagnosis in most cases only allows for a choice between preparation for a child with special needs or termination of the pregnancy. Whereas the former makes an easy fit with the prevention aim of most other population screening programmes, the latter does not. In order to steer clear from a possible eugenic reading of its aim, a wide international consensus has emerged for the view that prenatal screening of this type should have the atypical aim of helping women (couples) to make autonomous reproductive choices, rather than reducing the birth prevalence of the relevant disorders. However, keeping these types of prenatal screening apart may become increasingly difficult given the development of tests, such as the Non-Invasive Prenatal Test, which cannot only be used for both types of screening but may also lead to interconnected findings on both sides of the divide. This makes it an urgent question: What the aim or aims of this new hybrid screening should be? As neither ‘prevention’ nor ‘autonomy’ will do, we argue for a normative framework that gives both aims their due, while recognizing the tensions between them.","PeriodicalId":55379,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics","volume":"39 3","pages":"259-266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bioe.13380","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142632925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethical xenotransplant research on human brain-dead decedents 对人类脑死亡者进行伦理异种移植研究。

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13375

Christopher Bobier

引用次数: 0

Biomedical moral enhancement for psychopaths 精神变态者的生物医学道德提升。

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13373

Junsik Yoon

{"title":"Biomedical moral enhancement for psychopaths","authors":"Junsik Yoon","doi":"10.1111/bioe.13373","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bioe.13373","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the ethical permissibility of biomedical moral enhancement (BME) for psychopaths, considering both coercive and voluntary approaches. To do so, I will first briefly explain what psychopaths are and some normative implications of these facts. I will then ethically examine three scenarios of BME for psychopaths: (1) coercive BME for non-criminal psychopaths, (2) coercive BME for psychopathic offenders, and (3) voluntary BME for psychopathic offenders. I will argue that coercive BME for non-criminal psychopaths is ethically problematic due to issues of cost, invasion of privacy, and stigmatic effects of compulsory diagnosis. Similarly, I will argue that coercive BME for criminals is impermissible due to violations of the rights to bodily and mental integrity. However, I will show that voluntary BME for offenders may be ethically permissible under certain conditions, challenging the critique that the consent of vulnerable prisoners cannot be considered fully voluntary. I argue that when an offender is provided with sufficient medical and legal information, incentives such as the possibility of parole review based on BME results do not preclude the voluntariness of consent. Ultimately, I aim to advance the debate on BME for psychopaths by delineating and defending conditions for the ethical permissibility of voluntary BME.","PeriodicalId":55379,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics","volume":"39 2","pages":"170-177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11754999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142577190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The ethics of autonomous neurosurgical robots (ANRs). 自主神经外科机器人（ANRs）的伦理问题。

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13369

Arturo Balaguer Townsend

引用次数: 0

Accuracy is inaccurate: Why a focus on diagnostic accuracy for medical chatbot AIs will not lead to improved health outcomes 准确是不准确的：为什么关注医疗聊天机器人人工智能的诊断准确性不会带来更好的医疗效果？

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13365

Stephen R. Milford

{"title":"Accuracy is inaccurate: Why a focus on diagnostic accuracy for medical chatbot AIs will not lead to improved health outcomes","authors":"Stephen R. Milford","doi":"10.1111/bioe.13365","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bioe.13365","url":null,"abstract":"Since its launch in November 2022, ChatGPT has become a global phenomenon, sparking widespread public interest in chatbot artificial intelligences (AIs) generally. While not approved for medical use, it is capable of passing all three United States medical licensing exams and offers diagnostic accuracy comparable to a human doctor. It seems inevitable that it, and tools like it, are and will be used by the general public to provide medical diagnostic information or treatment plans. Before we are taken in by the promise of a golden age for chatbot medical AIs, it would be wise to consider the implications of using these tools as either supplements to, or substitutes for, human doctors. With the rise of publicly available chatbot AIs, there has been a keen focus on research into the diagnostic accuracy of these tools. This, however, has left a notable gap in our understanding of the implications for health outcomes of these tools. Diagnosis accuracy is only part of good health care. For example, crucial to positive health outcomes is the doctor–patient relationship. This paper challenges the recent focus on diagnostic accuracy by drawing attention to the causal relationship between doctor–patient relationships and health outcomes arguing that chatbot AIs may even hinder outcomes in numerous ways including subtracting the elements of perception and observation that are crucial to clinical consultations. The paper offers brief suggestions to improve chatbot medical AIs so as to positively impact health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":55379,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics","volume":"39 2","pages":"163-169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11754992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Purely performative resuscitation: Treating the patient as an object. 纯粹的表演性复苏：将病人视为物品。

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13357

Aleksy Tarasenko-Struc

{"title":"Purely performative resuscitation: Treating the patient as an object.","authors":"Aleksy Tarasenko-Struc","doi":"10.1111/bioe.13357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bioe.13357","url":null,"abstract":"Despite its prevalence today, the practice of purely performative resuscitation (PPR)-paradigmatically, the \"slow code\"-has attracted more critics in bioethics than defenders. The most common criticism of the slow code is that it's fundamentally deceptive or harmful, while the most common justification offered is that it may benefit the patient's loved ones, by symbolically honoring the patient or the care team's relationship with the family. I argue that critics and defenders of the slow code each have a point. Advocates of the slow code are right that not all PPR is wrongly deceptive or harmful to the patient or his family and that the symbolic aspect of medicine is itself morally significant. But the critics are also correct: slow codes are prima facie wrong. I argue that pursuing a slow code amounts to treating the patient as a tool for others' benefit-hence, treating him as an object-and that this instrumentalizing quality constitutes one core prima facie wrong of the practice. I also build a case for the idea that the slow code may not always be all-things-considered wrong, specifying certain limited conditions under which acts of PPR might ultimately be permissible. Thus, the symbolic dimension of medical treatment is indeed morally important, both in morally favorable and in morally problematic respects-namely, in its symbolic denial of the patient's humanity.","PeriodicalId":55379,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0