Bioethics最新文献_第10页

Rawls, race, and the 20th-century bioethics 罗尔斯、种族与 20 世纪生命伦理学。

IF 2.2 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13301

Akshay Pendyal

引用次数: 0

Reply to Rawls's, race, and 20th century bioethics 对罗尔斯、种族和 20 世纪生命伦理学的答复。

IF 2.2 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13298

Robert Baker

引用次数: 0

New perspectives on women's reproductive rights 妇女生殖权利的新视角。

IF 2.2 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13308

Mansoureh Moaya, Shadab Shahali, Minoor Lamyian, Alireza Milanifar, Seyed-Mohammad Azin

引用次数: 0

Transnational review on the use of information and communication technologies and technoscience in healthcare: Their impact on the autonomy and governance of individuals and communities. 关于在医疗保健领域使用信息和传播技术及技术科学的跨国审查：它们对个人和社区的自主权和管理的影响。

IF 2.2 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13303

Concepción Unanue Cuesta

{"title":"Transnational review on the use of information and communication technologies and technoscience in healthcare: Their impact on the autonomy and governance of individuals and communities.","authors":"Concepción Unanue Cuesta","doi":"10.1111/bioe.13303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bioe.13303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The impact and use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in healthcare settings has been increasing since 2019. This is greatly due to the COVID-19 pandemic. But beyond accommodating an extraordinary and complex situation in terms of healthcare services, or beyond replacing personalised care delivered by healthcare professionals (HCPs), has there been a process of information and consultation for communities and HCPs? Do we have the basic requirements needed to make such use commonplace in health care? What will the impact be on communities and their governance? Have we arrived here by consensus or by imposition? Our purpose has been to conduct a transnational analysis by approaching communities, social actors, and healthcare professionals in three territories in a pilot study following a qualitative methodology. The aim being to discover the potential impact of such measures beyond the right to health and if such measures are compatible with the purpose of population settling in rural areas. Furthermore, to identify if this entails a conflict of value and priorities or if we need new ethical reviews both for communities and healthcare professionals.</p>","PeriodicalId":55379,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140959181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bioethical challenges in postwar development aid: The Rwandan case study 战后发展援助中的生物伦理挑战：卢旺达案例研究。

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13304

Łukasz Wiktor, Maria Damps, Grace Kansayisa, Szymon Pietrzak, Bartłomiej Osadnik

{"title":"Bioethical challenges in postwar development aid: The Rwandan case study","authors":"Łukasz Wiktor, Maria Damps, Grace Kansayisa, Szymon Pietrzak, Bartłomiej Osadnik","doi":"10.1111/bioe.13304","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bioe.13304","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>This article considers aspects of a development aid that provides medical support to strengthen pediatric orthopedics in Rwanda. We present part of the Afriquia foundation work, a nonprofit foundation from Poland involved in supporting the medical sector in Rwanda as a sign of global solidarity and the human right to health. The main foundation's activity is the treatment of orthopedic problems among Rwandan citizens. We present a case study of two children under the care of the Afiquia foundation. 11-year-old Seraphine treated due to the consequences of right tibia osteomyelitis and 11-year-old Lavi suffering from osteogenesis imperfecta. Both children were treated surgically in Poland due to Rwanda's lack of treatment possibilities. After the applied treatment, Seraphine walks correctly without crutches and can attend school and thrive among her peers. Lavi has not sustained any fragility fracture since the surgery in Poland. He is healthy and constantly ongoing his rehabilitation including gait training. The described cases initiated development aid in Rwanda, supplying hospitals with orthopedic implants and training medical staff. The growing number of humanitarian crises across the globe and the people affected requires increasing organizations involved in providing relief. The emphasis should be on global education, aiming to make the recipients reflect and prepare them to face humanitarian crises.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55379,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics","volume":"39 1","pages":"90-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bioe.13304","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140964947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethical challenges in health care during collective hunger strikes in public or occupied spaces 在公共场所或被占领场所集体绝食期间的医疗保健伦理挑战。

IF 2.2 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13306

Dominik Haselwarter, Katja Kuehlmeyer, Verina Wild

{"title":"Ethical challenges in health care during collective hunger strikes in public or occupied spaces","authors":"Dominik Haselwarter, Katja Kuehlmeyer, Verina Wild","doi":"10.1111/bioe.13306","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bioe.13306","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Public collective hunger strikes take place in complex social and political contexts, require medical attention and present ethical challenges to physicians. Empirical research, the ethical debate to date and existing guidelines by the <i>World Medical Association</i> focus almost exclusively on hunger strikes in detention. However, the public space differs substantially with regard to the conditions for the provision of health care and the diverse groups of healthcare providers or stakeholders involved. By reviewing empirical research on the experience of health professionals with public collective hunger strikes, we identified the following ethical challenges: (1) establishment of a trustful physician–striker relationship, (2) balancing of medico-ethical principles in medical decision-making, (3) handling of loyalty conflicts and (4) preservation of professional independence and the risk of political instrumentalization. Some of these challenges have already been described and discussed, yet not contextualized for public collective strikes, while others are novel. The presence of voluntary physicians may offer opportunities for a trustful relationship and, hence, for ethical treatment decisions. According to our findings, it requires more attention to how to realise autonomous medical decisions in the complex context of a dynamic, often unstructured and politically charged setting, which ethical norms should shape the professional role of voluntary physicians, and what is the influence of the hunger strikers' collective on individual healthcare decisions. Our article can serve as a starting point for further ethical discussion. It can also provide the basis for the development of potential guidelines to support health professionals involved in public collective hunger strikes.</p>","PeriodicalId":55379,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics","volume":"38 6","pages":"549-557"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bioe.13306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140959180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mental patient—Psychiatric ethics from a patient's perspective By Abigail Gosselin, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. 2022. 308pp. $45.00 (Paperback), ISBN: 9780262544313 精神病人--从病人的角度看精神伦理学 Abigail Gosselin 著，马萨诸塞州剑桥：麻省理工学院出版社。2022.308页。45.00美元（平装本），ISBN：9780262544313

IF 2.2 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13309

Sam Wilkinson

引用次数: 0

Does a lack of emotions make chatbots unfit to be psychotherapists? 缺乏情感会让聊天机器人不适合做心理治疗师吗？

IF 2.2 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2024-05-12 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13299

Mehrdad Rahsepar Meadi, Justin S. Bernstein, Neeltje Batelaan, Anton J. L. M. van Balkom, Suzanne Metselaar

{"title":"Does a lack of emotions make chatbots unfit to be psychotherapists?","authors":"Mehrdad Rahsepar Meadi, Justin S. Bernstein, Neeltje Batelaan, Anton J. L. M. van Balkom, Suzanne Metselaar","doi":"10.1111/bioe.13299","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bioe.13299","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mental health chatbots (MHCBs) designed to support individuals in coping with mental health issues are rapidly advancing. Currently, these MHCBs are predominantly used in commercial rather than clinical contexts, but this might change soon. The question is whether this use is ethically desirable. This paper addresses a critical yet understudied concern: assuming that MHCBs cannot have genuine emotions, how this assumption may affect psychotherapy, and consequently the quality of treatment outcomes. We argue that if MHCBs lack emotions, they cannot have genuine (affective) empathy or utilise countertransference. Consequently, this gives reason to worry that MHCBs are (a) more liable to harm and (b) less likely to benefit patients than human therapists. We discuss some responses to this worry and conclude that further empirical research is necessary to determine whether these worries are valid. We conclude that, even if these worries are valid, it does not mean that we should never use MHCBs. By discussing the broader ethical debate on the clinical use of chatbots, we point towards how further research can help us establish ethical boundaries for how we should use mental health chatbots.</p>","PeriodicalId":55379,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics","volume":"38 6","pages":"503-510"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bioe.13299","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140913434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Refugees' right to health: A case study of Poland's disparate migration policies 难民的健康权：波兰不同移民政策的案例研究。

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13300

Krzysztof Kędziora

{"title":"Refugees' right to health: A case study of Poland's disparate migration policies","authors":"Krzysztof Kędziora","doi":"10.1111/bioe.13300","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bioe.13300","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Poland has faced two waves of migration: the first was of irregular asylum seekers, which led to the humanitarian crisis on the eastern EU–Belarusian border since 2021; the second was of Ukrainians fleeing the Russian invasion. Although there are noticeable differences between these situations, and between the different reactions of the Polish authorities, it is possible to juxtapose them in terms of the right to health. The normative content of refugee and human rights law is the starting point for reconstructing the meaning of the terms ‘refugee’ and ‘right to health’. A refugee is a person who needs international protection because of a well-founded fear of harm, which is not limited to persecution as defined by the Refugee Convention but also includes situations of international and non-international armed conflict. The right to health, which includes, inter alia, entitlements to a ‘system of health protection’ and ‘underlying determinations of health’, is reconstructed on the basis of human rights law and refugee and migration law. There are no legal and moral grounds to grant the right to health differentially to different groups of refugees. Nondiscriminatory health policy requires that refugees have the same access to health care as nationals, although their specific health needs resulting from past experiences and refugee situation require special treatment, that is, an appropriate refugee health policy. The broad understanding of the underlying determinants of health demonstrates the importance of overall migration policy for refugees’ health, which can jeopardise the fragile good of refugee health.</p>","PeriodicalId":55379,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics","volume":"39 1","pages":"58-66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140892977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Value change, reprogenetic technologies, and the axiological underpinnings of reproductive choice. 价值变化、生殖遗传技术和生殖选择的公理基础。

IF 2.2 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13287

Jon Rueda

引用次数: 0