IF 1.7 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13356

Bridget Pratt

{"title":"Addressing the COVID-induced healthcare backlog: How can we balance the interests of people and nature?","authors":"Bridget Pratt","doi":"10.1111/bioe.13356","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bioe.13356","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic created healthcare backlogs of routine primary and preventive care, elective procedures, dental care, and mental healthcare appointments across the world. So far, governments are responding by enacting pandemic recovery policies that expand their healthcare sector activity, without much, if any, consideration of its effects on the environmental crisis that is (among other things) worsening human health and health equity. This paper argues that, as a matter of health and social justice, governments have an ethical responsibility to equitably reduce the backlog with minimal environmental damage. To do so, a first key action is to give priority to policy options that minimise negative human impacts on the environment. Yet these policies alone will not be sufficient to address the backlog, particularly in relation to elective procedures. The paper therefore contends that a second key action for governments is to enact the policy options that are best able to equitably reduce the remainder of the backlog, while accelerating the transition to sustainable health care in ways that are best able to reduce the specific environmental costs of those policy options. It concludes by considering whether limits apply to governments' ethical responsibilities that ultimately mean accelerating the transition to sustainable health care is not required when addressing the backlog.","PeriodicalId":55379,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":"195-204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11754993/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142367578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethical xenotransplant research on human brain-dead decedents. 对人类脑死亡者进行伦理异种移植研究。

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13375

Christopher Bobier

引用次数: 0

Passive euthanasia? 被动安乐死？

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13358

Miguel H Kottow

引用次数: 0

Accuracy is inaccurate: Why a focus on diagnostic accuracy for medical chatbot AIs will not lead to improved health outcomes. 准确是不准确的：为什么关注医疗聊天机器人人工智能的诊断准确性不会带来更好的医疗效果？

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13365

Stephen R Milford

{"title":"Accuracy is inaccurate: Why a focus on diagnostic accuracy for medical chatbot AIs will not lead to improved health outcomes.","authors":"Stephen R Milford","doi":"10.1111/bioe.13365","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bioe.13365","url":null,"abstract":"Since its launch in November 2022, ChatGPT has become a global phenomenon, sparking widespread public interest in chatbot artificial intelligences (AIs) generally. While not approved for medical use, it is capable of passing all three United States medical licensing exams and offers diagnostic accuracy comparable to a human doctor. It seems inevitable that it, and tools like it, are and will be used by the general public to provide medical diagnostic information or treatment plans. Before we are taken in by the promise of a golden age for chatbot medical AIs, it would be wise to consider the implications of using these tools as either supplements to, or substitutes for, human doctors. With the rise of publicly available chatbot AIs, there has been a keen focus on research into the diagnostic accuracy of these tools. This, however, has left a notable gap in our understanding of the implications for health outcomes of these tools. Diagnosis accuracy is only part of good health care. For example, crucial to positive health outcomes is the doctor-patient relationship. This paper challenges the recent focus on diagnostic accuracy by drawing attention to the causal relationship between doctor-patient relationships and health outcomes arguing that chatbot AIs may even hinder outcomes in numerous ways including subtracting the elements of perception and observation that are crucial to clinical consultations. The paper offers brief suggestions to improve chatbot medical AIs so as to positively impact health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":55379,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":"163-169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11754992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clinical research vehicles as a modality for medical research education and conduct of decentralized trials, supporting justice, equity, and diversity in research. 临床研究车作为医学研究教育和开展分散试验的一种模式，支持研究的公正、公平和多样性。

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13360

Kenneth T Moore

{"title":"Clinical research vehicles as a modality for medical research education and conduct of decentralized trials, supporting justice, equity, and diversity in research.","authors":"Kenneth T Moore","doi":"10.1111/bioe.13360","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bioe.13360","url":null,"abstract":"Current clinical research lacks diversity in those that participate. This lack of diversity is concerning given its importance for successful drug development. The frequency and severity of many diseases, along with the pharmacological properties of therapies, can display significant differences based on patient diversity. A clinical trial population that is more reflective of these differences will help researchers better understand the therapeutic profile of the treatment and provide generalizable knowledge to the medical community. The advent of decentralized clinical trial designs is meant to help address this lack of diversity by using portable digital health technologies and virtual interactions to enhance clinical trial access and broaden participation. By leveraging these technologies, trial conduct can occur at locations other than traditional research sites. This shift in trial location may help address some of the logistical, educational, engagement, and trust barriers that have historically prevented enrollment of diverse populations. However, these types of trials still have limitations. Ethical concerns around justice, equity, and diversity will still exist with decentralized clinical trials, which could be mediated using clinical research vehicles. When utilized, this modality may enhance the scientific design and conduct of clinical trials and better follow these ethical principles. These enhancements and improved ethical direction could be accomplished through increasing community involvement, improving health literacy, supporting more diverse trial sites, creating community-based research footholds, fostering connections with researchers, limiting technical challenges, and preventing data security issues.","PeriodicalId":55379,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":"213-220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142367579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Family-making avec emerging technologies and/or non-human animals. 与新兴技术和/或非人类动物建立家庭。

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13371

Niñoval F Pacaol, Alderf Anthonio T Cabero, Britten Izzy A Ragonot, Alysha Mae A Cajes, Princess Zuemaeyah J Sarsalejo, Ybrahim Jamil B Monge, Jacob Razel D Villaluz, Abishai Andea A Adorna

引用次数: 0

Biomedical moral enhancement for psychopaths. 精神变态者的生物医学道德提升。

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13373

Junsik Yoon

{"title":"Biomedical moral enhancement for psychopaths.","authors":"Junsik Yoon","doi":"10.1111/bioe.13373","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bioe.13373","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the ethical permissibility of biomedical moral enhancement (BME) for psychopaths, considering both coercive and voluntary approaches. To do so, I will first briefly explain what psychopaths are and some normative implications of these facts. I will then ethically examine three scenarios of BME for psychopaths: (1) coercive BME for non-criminal psychopaths, (2) coercive BME for psychopathic offenders, and (3) voluntary BME for psychopathic offenders. I will argue that coercive BME for non-criminal psychopaths is ethically problematic due to issues of cost, invasion of privacy, and stigmatic effects of compulsory diagnosis. Similarly, I will argue that coercive BME for criminals is impermissible due to violations of the rights to bodily and mental integrity. However, I will show that voluntary BME for offenders may be ethically permissible under certain conditions, challenging the critique that the consent of vulnerable prisoners cannot be considered fully voluntary. I argue that when an offender is provided with sufficient medical and legal information, incentives such as the possibility of parole review based on BME results do not preclude the voluntariness of consent. Ultimately, I aim to advance the debate on BME for psychopaths by delineating and defending conditions for the ethical permissibility of voluntary BME.","PeriodicalId":55379,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":"170-177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11754999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142577190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social media or scholarly submission? Appropriate responses and academic attention. 社交媒体还是学术论文？适当的回应和学术关注。

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13366

Elizabeth Lanphier

引用次数: 0

Palliative care-based arguments against assisted dying. 基于姑息治疗的反对协助死亡的论点。

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13352

Ben Colburn

引用次数: 0

Trading one problem for two: The case against tobacco bans. 用一个问题换两个问题：反对烟草禁令的理由。

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13348

Mathieu Doucet

{"title":"Trading one problem for two: The case against tobacco bans.","authors":"Mathieu Doucet","doi":"10.1111/bioe.13348","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bioe.13348","url":null,"abstract":"The past two decades have seen growing calls for the \"tobacco endgame.\" Its advocates are united by their commitment to two ideas. First, tobacco-related harms represent a catastrophic health emergency, and second, current tobacco-control approaches are an inadequate response to the scale of that emergency. To endgame advocates, tobacco policy should have more ambitious goals than merely \"controlling\" tobacco. Instead, it should aim to bring about a smoke-free world. While a range of different policies are included under the umbrella of the \"tobacco endgame,\" the most radical proposal is for a complete ban on tobacco. Its advocates argue that in addition to improving global public health, an effective ban on tobacco would also promote overall autonomy and would have important egalitarian benefits. This article critically examines these arguments for a tobacco ban. I argue that they rely on idealizing assumptions about the likely effects of a ban. Because an effective ban would require robust enforcement to control the illegal market in tobacco, it would be more likely to undermine autonomy and equality than it would be to promote them. By relying on idealizing assumptions and ignoring the likely consequences of a tobacco ban, advocates of a ban obscure, rather than clarify, both the policy debate and the ethical stakes. I conclude by considering the ways that idealizing assumptions should-and should not-play a role in debates about ethical issues in public policy.","PeriodicalId":55379,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":"205-212"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11754998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142115008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bioethics最新文献