Luo Yu, Jinjiang Lai, Jun Huang, Hongying Liu, Xitian Pi
{"title":"Wireless motion control of a swimming eel-machine hybrid robot.","authors":"Luo Yu, Jinjiang Lai, Jun Huang, Hongying Liu, Xitian Pi","doi":"10.1088/1748-3190/adbeac","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-3190/adbeac","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents a flexible aquatic swimming robot, which is a promising candidate for underwater search and detection missions. The robot is a living eel fitted with a wireless electronic backpack stimulator attached to its dorsal region. Leveraging the eel's inherent self-balancing and self-adaptation abilities, the robot can adapt seamlessly to complex underwater environments without the need for sophisticated controllers. Lateral line stimulation allows the robot to execute forward and backward swimming, as well as left and right curls. We graded the forward and backward swimming speed by varying the stimulus frequency and pulse width. The optimal stimulus parameters are as follows: amplitude 3.0-4.5 V, frequency 5-20 Hz, and pulse width 40-60 ms. The maximum success rates for forward and backward swimming responses to stimuli were approximately 96% and 77%, respectively. Utilizing lower pulse frequencies (5-20 Hz) and wider pulse widths (40-60 ms) facilitated sustained and efficient activation of the lateral line neural system. Electrical stimulation of the lateral line increases the eel's forward swimming speed by approximately 70%, while the electronic backpack draws only 48.1 mW of external power. Compared to bio-inspired robots, the eel-machine hybrid robot consumes 1.5-1100 times less external power per unit mass. The remarkable efficiency of this bio-robot enhances its performance in tasks such as underwater cave exploration.</p>","PeriodicalId":55377,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspiration & Biomimetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicole W Xu, Olga Lenczewska, Sarah E Wieten, Carole A Federico, John O Dabiri
{"title":"Ethics of biohybrid robotics and invertebrate research: biohybrid robotic jellyfish as a case study.","authors":"Nicole W Xu, Olga Lenczewska, Sarah E Wieten, Carole A Federico, John O Dabiri","doi":"10.1088/1748-3190/adc0d4","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-3190/adc0d4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Invertebrate research ethics has largely been ignored compared to the consideration of higher order animals, but more recent focus has questioned this trend. Using the robotic control of<i>Aurelia aurita</i>as a case study, we examine ethical considerations in invertebrate work and provide recommendations for future guidelines. We also analyze these issues for prior bioethics cases, such as cyborg insects and the 'microslavery' of microbes. However, biohybrid robotic jellyfish pose further ethical questions regarding potential ecological consequences as ocean monitoring tools, including the impact of electronic waste in the ocean. After in-depth evaluations, we recommend that publishers require brief ethical statements for invertebrate research, and we delineate the need for invertebrate nociception studies to revise or validate current standards. These actions provide a stronger basis for the ethical study of invertebrates, with implications for individual, species-wide, and ecological impacts, as well as for studies in science, engineering, and philosophy.</p>","PeriodicalId":55377,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspiration & Biomimetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Animal-robot interaction induces local enhancement in the Mediterranean fruit fly<i>Ceratitis capitata</i>Wiedemann.","authors":"Donato Romano, Cesare Stefanini","doi":"10.1088/1748-3190/adbb42","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-3190/adbb42","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Animal-robot interaction (ARI) is an emerging field that uses biomimetic robots to replicate biological cues, enabling controlled studies of animal behavior. This study investigates the potential for ARI systems to induce local enhancement (e.g. where animals are attracted to areas based on the presence or actions of conspecifics) in the Mediterranean fruit fly,<i>Ceratitis capitata</i>(<i>C. capitata</i>), a major agricultural pest. We developed biomimetic agents that mimic<i>C. capitata</i>in morphology and color, to explore their ability to trigger local enhancement. The study employed three categories of artificial agents: full biomimetic agent (FBA), partial biomimetic agent (PBA) and non-biomimetic agent (NBA) in both motionless and moving states. Flies exposed to motionless FBAs showed a significant preference for areas containing these agents compared to areas with no agents. Similarly, moving FBAs also attracted more flies than stationary agents. Time spent in the release section before making a choice and the overall experiment duration were significantly shorter when conspecifics or moving FBAs were present, indicating that<i>C. capitata</i>is highly responsive to biomimetic cues, particularly motion. These results suggest that ARI systems can be effective tools for understanding and manipulating local enhancement in<i>C. capitata</i>, offering new opportunities for sustainable pest control in agricultural contexts. Overall, this research demonstrates the potential of ARI as an innovative, sustainable approach to insect population control, with broad applications in both fundamental behavioral research and integrated pest management.</p>","PeriodicalId":55377,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspiration & Biomimetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143525390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenzhan Ou, Zhongchang Song, Caroline E C Goertz, T Aran Mooney, Sophie Dennison, Chuang Zhang, Yu Zhang, Manuel Castellote
{"title":"Directional sound transmission and reception of the beluga whale (<i>Delphinapterus leucas</i>).","authors":"Wenzhan Ou, Zhongchang Song, Caroline E C Goertz, T Aran Mooney, Sophie Dennison, Chuang Zhang, Yu Zhang, Manuel Castellote","doi":"10.1088/1748-3190/adc5bd","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-3190/adc5bd","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The biosonar system of odontocetes enables directional sound transmission and reception. Beluga whales (<i>Delphinapterus leucas</i>) are notable among odontocetes as they can alter the shape of their fatty melon during sound transmission, potentially suggesting distinct acoustic capabilities. In this study, we developed a biosonar model of a beluga whale using computed tomography scanning and structural reconstruction to examine directional transmission and reception in this species. This model could modulate sounds into a directional beam using either single or dual sources. Across frequencies from 5 to 60 kHz, the directivity indices for the left and right sound sources ranged from 4.83 to 15.2 dB and 4.81-14.7 dB, respectively. When both sound sources were used simultaneously, there was an average increase of at least 2.26 dB in energy and 0.68 dB in the directivity index compared to using a single source. Additionally, beam steering was achieved in the dual-source transmission by introducing a timing difference between the two sources. The simulations indicated that sound reception was frequency-dependent, with the greatest sensitivity to lateral sounds at low frequencies and to forward sounds at high frequencies. These results suggested that both transmission and reception in beluga whales were directional and frequency-dependent.</p>","PeriodicalId":55377,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspiration & Biomimetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aerodynamic effect of stroke amplitude on hovering performance of a three-dimensional tandem flapping wing.","authors":"Shubham Tiwari, D G Thakur, Sunil Chandel","doi":"10.1088/1748-3190/adc5bf","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-3190/adc5bf","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the present numerical investigation we studied the effect of forewing and hindwing stroke amplitude (ϕo) on the aerodynamic performance of dragonfly (or damselfly) hovering flight. Three-dimensional numerical simulation was performed for two wings with a tandem arrangement flapping along an inclined stroke plane. Simulations were conducted for identical as well as non-identical stroke amplitudes of both wings, oscillating with three phase differences:γ= 0∘, 90∘and180∘. For identical stroke amplitudes, the higher stroke amplitude reduces the vertical force coefficients of both wings. Forγ= 0∘, forewing lift is significantly enhanced for higher stroke amplitudes due to leading edge vortex interaction. Forγ= 90∘and180∘, the wing-wing interaction is found to be detrimental to the vertical force coefficient of both wings. The presence of the forewing reduces hindwing lift for allγ, with maximum lift reduction observed forγ= 180∘. The maximum hovering efficiency for identical stroke amplitudes is obtained forϕo= 50∘whenγ= 0∘. For non-identical stroke amplitudes, the hindwing lift reduces with an increase in forewing stroke amplitude for allγ. Also, forewing lift increases with hindwing stroke amplitude whenγ= 0∘. However, forγ= 90∘and180∘, forewing lift is reduced for higher hindwing stroke amplitudes. It was found that non-identical stroke amplitudes are detrimental to the hovering efficiency of dragonfly flight. The present study will help us optimize wing kinematics during the development of dragonfly-inspired micro air vehicles.</p>","PeriodicalId":55377,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspiration & Biomimetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research on the aerodynamic performance and bionic application of dragonfly wing corrugation.","authors":"Lijun Zhang, Kaifei Wang, Xu Zhang, Shibo Liu, Zhengjun Jing, Jiahui Lu, Xudong Cui, Ziyi Liu","doi":"10.1088/1748-3190/adc5bc","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-3190/adc5bc","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the aerodynamic performance of dragonfly wing corrugations under gliding conditions, a new method of corrugation deformation is proposed. Firstly, the coordinate transformation functions that describe the amplitude and camber deformation of the corrugation and numerical simulation model are established. Then the effects of the corrugation structural parameters on airfoil performance are investigated by orthogonal experiment. Subsequently, the optimal structural parameters are selected sequentially, and the mechanism of the corrugation producing a high lift-to-drag ratio is analyzed. The results show that the optimized corrugation parameters are: corrugation profile as profile 5, amplitude coefficient<i>λ</i>= 0.8, vertex<i>x</i>-coordinate<i>a</i>= 0.9<i>c</i>, vertex<i>y</i>-coordinate<i>b</i>= 0.04<i>c</i>. The optimal airfoil achieves the highest lift-to-drag ratio of 5.090, which is increased by 42.82% compared with the flat airfoil (FA). The cambered corrugation airfoil can suppress flow separation. The high-pressure area generated within pressure surface corrugation can increase the pressure difference between the upper and lower surfaces, which is the main reason for the high lift-to-drag ratio. Finally, the bionic airfoils are built by arranging the corrugation on the FFA-W3-211 airfoil, which prove that the dragonfly corrugation with a low Reynolds number is also applicable to the wind turbine airfoil with a high Reynolds number, thereby increasing the lift-to-drag ratio of the prototype airfoil by 1.22%.</p>","PeriodicalId":55377,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspiration & Biomimetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An innovative underdriven multi-degree-of-freedom sea turtle hydrofoil design.","authors":"Yichen Chu, Yahui Wang, Zhifeng Lv, Yang Zhou, Xiaohao Li, Mingxu Ma, Cuilan Zhu, Tianbiao Yu","doi":"10.1088/1748-3190/adc5be","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-3190/adc5be","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents a new design for a multi-degree-of-freedom underdriven mechanism. The aim is to achieve efficient bionic motion of a sea turtle hydrofoil with multi-degrees-of-freedom using a single drive source. The design focuses on the kinematic characteristics of the hydrofoil. The design and modeling of the bionic hydrofoil are completed by accurately extracting and fitting the contours of the leading and trailing edges of the sea turtle hydrofoil. The article presents a detailed data analysis of the motion performance of the bionic hydrofoil through pool experiments combined with CCD camera shots. The experimental results reveal that the underdriven bionic hydrofoil moves at a frequency of 0.5 Hz. The correlation coefficients of the waving and rotation angles between the sea turtle hydrofoil and the bionic hydrofoil in the underwater experiments exceed 0.95. The total integral area ratio of the waving angle change curve and rotation angle change curve is more than 0.9. It is demonstrated that the new drive scheme proposed in this paper can realize a single actuator to control the motion of a sea turtle in three degrees of freedom. Breaking away from the traditional paradigm of independent multi-motor drives, the realization of 'input-output' motion mapping through mechanical design is of great significance for the complexity reduction of robot control systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":55377,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspiration & Biomimetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martí Verdaguer Mallorquí, Julian Vincent, Andrew Liston, Vladimir Blagoderov, Marc P Y Desmulliez
{"title":"Knowledge from hymenopteran ovipositors: a review of past and current biomimetic research.","authors":"Martí Verdaguer Mallorquí, Julian Vincent, Andrew Liston, Vladimir Blagoderov, Marc P Y Desmulliez","doi":"10.1088/1748-3190/adc3e2","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-3190/adc3e2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biomimetic research has drawn inspiration from the knowledge acquired from the diverse morphologies and specialized functions of hymenopteran ovipositors. For example, the morphology of the honeybee stinger was used to create surgical needles that reduce insertion forces, minimize tissue damage, and increase precision. Similarly, the reciprocating drilling mechanisms observed in wood-boring hymenopterans inspired the development of steerable probes for neurosurgery, offering improved control and reduced trauma during penetration. Despite these advances, the ovipositors of sawflies, which promise intricate cutting mechanisms, have remained poorly studied in biomimetics. Unlike wood-boring species, most sawflies typically cut through soft plant tissues using their saw-like ovipositors, which could inspire new designs for precise cutting and sawing devices. This review advocates the need for further research into the structure, mechanical properties and functional principles of sawfly ovipositors to fully exploit their potential in bio-inspiration. We highlight the lack of detailed mechanical studies connecting ovipositor morphology to cutting efficiency and substrate interactions. Understanding these relationships could uncover new principles for engineering applications, such as medical or industrial cutting tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":55377,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspiration & Biomimetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natasha A Rouse, Andrew D Horchler, Hillel J Chiel, Kathryn A Daltorio
{"title":"Stable heteroclinic channels as a decision-making model: overcoming low signal-to-noise ratio with mutual inhibition.","authors":"Natasha A Rouse, Andrew D Horchler, Hillel J Chiel, Kathryn A Daltorio","doi":"10.1088/1748-3190/adc057","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-3190/adc057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bio-inspired robot controllers are becoming more complex as we strive to make them more robust to, and flexible in, noisy, real-world environments. A stable heteroclinic network (SHN) is a dynamical system that produces cyclical state transitions using noisy input. SHN-based robot controllers enable sensory input to be integrated at the phase-space level of the controller, thus simplifying sensor-integrated, robot control methods. In this work, we investigate the mechanism that drives branching state trajectories in SHNs. We liken the branching state trajectories to decision-splits imposed into the system, which opens the door for more sophisticated controls-all driven by sensory input. This work provides guidelines to systematically define an SHN topology, and increase the rate at which desired decision states in the topology are chosen. Ultimately, we are able to control the rate at which desired decision states activate for input signal-to-noise ratios across six orders of magnitude.</p>","PeriodicalId":55377,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspiration & Biomimetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Soft robotic brittle star shows the influence of mass distribution on underwater walking.","authors":"Zach J Patterson, Henry C Astley, Carmel Majidi","doi":"10.1088/1748-3190/adbecb","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-3190/adbecb","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most walking organisms tend to have relatively light limbs and heavy bodies in order to facilitate rapid limb motion. However, the limbs of brittle stars (Class Ophiuroidea) are primarily comprised of dense skeletal elements, with potentially much higher mass and density compared to the body disk. To date, little is understood about how the relatively unique distribution of mass in these animals influences their locomotion. In this work, we use a brittle star inspired soft robot and computational modeling to examine how the distribution of mass and density in brittle stars affects their movement. The soft robot is fully untethered, powered using embedded shape memory alloy actuators, and designed based on the morphology of a natural brittle star. Computational simulations of the brittle star model are performed in a differentiable robotics physics engine in conjunction with an iterative linear quadratic regulator to explore the relationship between different mass distributions and their optimal gaits. The results from both methods indicate that there are robust physical advantages to having the majority of the mass concentrated in the limbs for brittle star-like locomotion, providing insight into the physical forces at play.</p>","PeriodicalId":55377,"journal":{"name":"Bioinspiration & Biomimetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}