Biology Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"An Investigation to Determine the Age Parameters of Marsh Frogs from Two Frog Farms","authors":"Hale Tatlı, Abdullah Altunışık","doi":"10.1134/s1062359024600302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359024600302","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Amphibians are not only an alternative source of vital protein for humans, but also one of the best bioindicators for ecological studies. In this study, we studied the age structure, body size, and mass of an amphibian species (<i>Pelophylax ridibundus</i>) by sampling from two different frog farms in Türkiye. The age ranged from 4 to 13 (mean: 7.1) years in the Adana site while the age varied from 1 to 12 (mean: 5.2) years in the İstanbul site. Body size ranged between 88.21 and 103.72 mm (mean: 94.99 ± 1.15 mm) in the Adana site and 45.96 and 103.25 mm (mean: 75.90 ± 3.01 mm) in the İstanbul site. The <i>t</i>-test confirmed that the average age, SVL, and weight of the Adana site were higher than those of İstanbul. Body size markedly increased with age and weight (SVL-age: <i>r</i> = 0.659, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01; SVL-weight: <i>r</i> = 0.877, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) in the İstanbul site, while in the Adana site, body size correlated only with weight. In conclusion, our research uses skeletochronology to provide demographic characteristics of marsh frogs from two unexplored frog farms located in the west and south of Türkiye.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phloretin Ameliorates against Bisphenol A Induced Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, an Endocrine Disrupting Chemical, in Prepubertal Rats","authors":"Nilufer Coşkun, Nurhayat Barlas","doi":"10.1134/s1062359022601173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359022601173","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder whose etiology is not well understood and affecting 9–18% of women in reproductive age. We investigated the protective effects of phloretin against the PCOS, induced Bisphenol A (BPA) on prepubertal rat ovaries. This study started on female rats on the postnatal 28th day via subcutaneous injection by dissolving the compounds in corn oil at 30 min intervals, starting with phloretin, and followed by BPA. The dose of BPA was 50 mg/kg/day, and the doses of phloretin were 0.5, 5, and 50 mg/kg/day. Treatments were administered every day for 15 days. Likewise corn oil, BPA and testosterone propionate were given by the same way. BPA exposed groups, it has been observed that there are many cystic follicles in the ovary and their morphology has changed. Similarly, prolonged diestrus phases was observed in the smear cycle. The CYP11A1 and CYP17A enzymes stained intensively on the BPA group whereas these enzymes were stained weakly in the BPA + 5 and 50 mg/kg phloretin groups. In PCOS, induced by BPA, the cystic follicles were recorded on the ovaries whereas it was decreased in the BPA + phloretin groups. Prepubertal exposure to BPA was associated with decreased serum luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, increased estrogen (ERRα) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels in testosterone propiyonat and BPA + phloretin (0.5 mg/kg/day) groups. In conclusion, in rat model, phloretin has positive effects against BPA induced polycystic ovarian syndrome, also it caused positive effects on ovarian tissue and hormone secretion.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Mediated by Cistus salviifolius L. and Ferula communis L. Extracts and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Cytotoxic Potentials","authors":"Funda Ulusu, Yakup Ulusu","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023603634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023603634","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In this research, we employed a microwave-assisted green synthesis method utilizing extracts from <i>Cistus salviifolius</i> L. and <i>Ferula communis</i> L. to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Subsequently, we characterized the biosynthesized AgNPs, both <i>Cs</i>-AgNPs (derived from <i>C. salviifolius</i>) and <i>Fc</i>-AgNPs (derived from <i>F. communis</i>), through UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and TEM analyses. The AgNPs exhibited a spherical shape with sizes averaging below 11 nm. To assess their antioxidant activity, we employed the DPPH method. Furthermore, we examined the antimicrobial potential of <i>Cs</i>-AgNPs and <i>Fc</i>-AgNPs against pathogenic bacterial strains, including <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, and <i>Escherichia coli</i>, using the disc diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration. Additionally, we evaluated the cytotoxic effects of <i>Cs</i>-AgNPs and <i>Fc</i>-AgNPs on various cell lines, namely breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), colon carcinoma (HT-29), human keratinocytes (HaCaT), and embryonic kidney (HEK-293), employing the Alamar Blue assay. Our findings indicate that the biosynthesized <i>Cs-</i>AgNPs and <i>Fc</i>-AgNPs possess antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activities. Therefore, the current study suggests that <i>Cs</i>-AgNPs and <i>Fc-</i>AgNPs exhibit potential for treating cancer and diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathological and Biochemical Alterations in the Adrenal Gland of Male Rats Exposed to Bisphenol F","authors":"B. Kaptaner, A. Doğan, C. Yılmaz, H. Aykut, E. Doğan, C. Fidan Babat, F. Dönmez","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023606717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023606717","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Bisphenol F (BPF) is a bisphenol A derivative that is widely used in the manufacturing of industrial and consumer products. The presented study was conducted to explore the adverse effects of BPF on the adrenal glands of rats. Toward this aim, twenty-eight male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, each containing seven individuals. The animals were administered a vehicle (control) or BPF at 3 different doses comprising 20, 100, and 500 mg/kg of body weight (bw) via oral gavage for 28 days. Next, the effects of BPF on the gland were evaluated in terms of histopathological alterations, serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol levels, and the contents of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex showed prominent histopathological lesions such as vacuolar degeneration and necrotic degeneration in the experimental groups. BPF caused noticeable elevations in the serum ACTH and cortisol levels. Moreover, decreases in levels of GSH and increments in the contents of MDA were determined, indicating oxidative stress. In conclusion, BPF showed toxic effects on the adrenal gland that may result in disruptions in its vital functions in the body. The results herein suggest that attention should be paid to the utilization of BPF in manufacturing processes due to its harmful effects and risks to the health of organisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141255367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Clerodendrum japonicum (C. japonicum) Ameliorates the Pulmonary Fibrosis through Inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad3 Signaling Pathway","authors":"Jiangcun Wei, Chenglong Wang, Jianlong Zhou, Yunli Tang, Qingmei Deng, Hong Lei, Liping Qin, Zujie Qin","doi":"10.1134/s1062359024600028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359024600028","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p><i>Clerodendrum japonicum</i> (<i>C. japonicum</i>) is a classical Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and has been used to treat the dozens of diseases in China. However, scientific evidence for the pulmonary fibrosis (PF) treatment of <i>C. japonicum</i> used in traditional medicine is lacking. This study evaluated whether <i>C. japonicum</i> ameliorates the PF and the potential molecular mechanism of <i>C. japonicum</i> treatment in vivo and in vitro. We used the PF rat model in vivo<i>.</i> The lung coefficient, HE and Masson staining were used to evaluate the lung tissues injury. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to evaluate the organelle structural changes. The inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-α were detected using ELISA assay. ROS, MDA and GSH were measured to explore the oxidative stress. Western blotting, immunofluorescence (IF) and RT-qPCR were performed to observe the expressions of PF and TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway related genes and proteins. Firstly, <i>C. japonicum</i> could effectively alleviate the PF injury in rat model. <i>C. japonicum</i> could effectively inhibit the levels of inflammatory factors in PF animal model, at the same time, <i>C. japonicum</i> could reasonably regulate oxidative stress factors in PF animal model. Furthermore, TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway was involved in the PF animal model and <i>C. japonicum</i> could inhibit the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway in PF treatment effectively. <i>C. japonicum</i> might attenuate the PF in the PF rat model in vivo through inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway. These findings suggested that <i>C. japonicum</i> might act as a promising TCM to treat the PF.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Diet Composition of Trachycephalus typhonius (Linnaeus, 1758) from a Relictual Mountain in Brazilian Semiarid","authors":"Clarice Maria de Araújo-Silva, Kássio de Castro Araújo, Robson Waldemar Ávila, Etielle Barroso Andrade","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023605256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023605256","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Animal food is one of the most important ecological aspects of one species. Studying this factor is fundamental to understanding their life history, microhabitat use, and interactions with other species. Amphibians are an interesting group to understand the food chains because they interact with aquatic and terrestrial environments. Among them, <i>Trachycephalus typhonius</i> is a widespread treefrog in South America but there is still a lack of knowledge about its natural history. Therefore, we described the feeding habits of <i>T. typhonius</i> from a relictual humid forest mountain in Brazilian semiarid. The present study was conducted in the Maranguape mountain, Ceará state, Brazil during the rainy season from April to May 2019. We collected the individuals using visual and auditory searches. Overall, we found 24 specimens of <i>T. typhonius</i>, in which all of them had stomach contents. We identified 11 prey categories, in which coleopterans and orthopterans were the most important prey item for this species’ diet. It is also important to point out that plant pieces were found in the stomach of eight individuals, which might suggest a purposeful consumption. Additionally, we found no significant differences regarding the abundance, richness, and composition of prey items consumed by males and females. In contrast, we observed individuals with largest mouth breadth tend to select prey items more volumetric. Overall, our study is the pioneer to investigate the feeding habits of <i>T. typhonius</i> from a montane ecosystem in Brazilian semiarid region and contributes to increasing the knowledge about its natural history.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Three Agaricus Species from Jammu and Kashmir, India","authors":"Masood Ahamed, Komal Verma, Yash Pal Sharma","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023606134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023606134","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The genus <i>Agaricus</i> is a saprophytic and cosmopolitan genus occurring in diverse type of habitats. In the present study, we report three interesting species of genus <i>Agaricus</i> viz., <i>A. sinoplacomyces</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>sylvaticus</i> and <i>A. subrufescens</i>, from different regions of Jammu and Kashmir. Identification was carried out through combined morpho-anatomical and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) sequence analysis. <i>Agaricus sinoplacomyces</i> is recorded for the first time from India while <i>A</i>. <i>sylvaticus</i> and <i>A. subrufescens</i> are reported for the first time from Jammu and Kashmir. Detailed morphological descriptions, colour photographs, line drawings, and molecular phylogeny are provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morpho-taxonomic Revision of the Lichen Genus Psora Hoffm. (Psoraceae, Lecanorales) from India","authors":"Vishal Kumar, Dalip Kumar Upreti, Sanjeeva Nayaka","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023606146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023606146","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Three species of the genus <i>Psora</i> are recognized in India including <i>Psora crenata</i> (Taylor) Reinke, <i>P. decipiens</i> (Hedw.) Hoffm. and <i>P. himalayana</i> (C. Bab.) Timdal. Among them, <i>P. crenata</i> is described as a new record to the lichen biota of India. Descriptions, illustrations and distributions are provided for each species together with a key to all species of <i>Psora</i> known from India.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity and IUCN Status of Winter Migratory Avifauna of Mandothi Wetlands, Haryana (India)","authors":"Aruna Yadav, Deepak Rai","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023606572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023606572","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Mandothi Wetlands located in district Jhajjar of Haryana, India is about 1000 acres of farmland, serves as a crucial habitat for numerous species of winter migratory birds. From December 2021 to March 2023, fortnightly periodic visits were made to the area by using scan sampling and point-cum-line transect methods. A total of 54 winter migratory birds’ species were recorded including 33 genera, 19 families, and 8 orders. Order Charadriiformes was highly diverse with the presence of 17 species in the study area. Feeding guild analysis expressed that Insectivores were the dominant ones among all guilds. As per the IUCN Red List criteria, 48 species were classified as least concern (LC) whereas, 3 species were classified as Near Threatened (NT) i.e., Ferruginous Duck <i>Aythya nyroca</i>, Eurasian Curlew <i>Numenius arquata,</i> Curlew Sandpiper <i>Calidris ferruginea</i>, and 3 species were classified as Vulnerable (VU) such as Eastern Imperial Eagle <i>Aquila heliaca</i>, Greater Spotted Eagle <i>Clanga clanga</i> and Common Pochard <i>Aythya ferina</i> globally. Study area holds a significant role in sustaining the diversity of birds and also facing various stress factors thus it needs to be conserved.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Characterization and Haplotype Diversity of Aporcelaimellus obtusicaudatus (Bastian, 1865) Altherr, 1968 (Dorylaimida, Aporcelaimidae) from India","authors":"Himani Sharma, Ashok Kumar Chaubey, Ebrahim Shokoohi","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023604378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023604378","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p><i>Aporcelaimellus obtusicaudatus</i> was recovered from mustard and sugarcane fields of Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand, India. The present species was identified through morphology, molecular and phylogenetic analysis. The Indian populations are characterized by having females with a body length (1.7–3.4 mm), lip region (4.9–8.8 µm), Amphids 6–9 µm, odontostyle length (15.7–26.4 µm), neck length (374.6–745.1 µm), pharyngeal expansion occupying 45–60% of neck length, simple uterus (67.4–124.3 µm), <i>V</i> = 49.1–58.7, female tail (32–44.9 µm, <i>c</i> = 41.1–105, <i>c</i>' = 0.5–1.3) with short, conoid, rounded terminus to convex conical. The molecular phylogenetic analysis based on 18S and 28S rDNA revealed <i>A. obtusicaudatus</i> as a paraphyly. The present populations of Indian <i>A. obtusicaudatus</i> (OM269524; OP020675) placed close to deposited Indian sequence (OP048816; OP048823) and Slovakian populations of <i>A. obtusicaudatus</i> (MH206119). The result of 28S rDNA phylogeny showed that the present population (OM258706) placed close to other populations of the same species from India (OM418794) with 0.55 posterior probability supports. The haplotype analysis based on 28S rDNA revealed 6 haplotypes, which displayed low nucleotide (π = 0.013) diversity. In contrast, haplotype diversity (Hd) was 1.00, and the number of segregating sites (S) was 14. The phylogenetic analysis grouped the various populations into two clades, and the result showed German populations placed into two clades, which showed high variability in haplotype supported by the haplotype network. Tajima (D) and Fu’s Fs were found to be negative (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05), whereas the overall FST value was 0.31040 (<i>P</i> = 0.118). In conclusion, genetic analysis revealed 31.04% variation among groups/populations and 68.95 within populations, indicating a low genetic variation between the same populations of <i>A. obtusicaudatus</i> belonging to the same country.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}