Biology Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"Elucidation of Diversity and Habitat Utilization of Waterbirds in Khajuha Wetland, Northern India","authors":"Himanshu Mishra, Farah Bano, Prateek, Anshu Mishra, Ashish Kumar, Vikas Kumar","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023605542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023605542","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Wetlands are important habitats for bird populations and understanding the diversity and other ecological characteristics of bird species assists in managing the ecosystem. In this study, we looked at the bird diversity, abundance and habitat utilization of waterbirds in Khajuha wetland district Kushinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India. This field investigation was conducted using line transects and point counts. There were 2815 distinct birds in all, representing 45 species and 10 orders. We kept track of each species’ guild, conservation status, residential status, and species abundance. Order Anseriformes displayed the highest relative diversity index, and Order Podicipediformes displayed the lowest number. The outcome of GLM analysis exhibited largest bird count in low land vegetation during winter season. While, lowest bird count in upland vegetation during pre-winter season. Besides, maximum diversity indices were noticed in winter season. Furthermore, during the pre-winter and winter seasons, low land vegetation was the most commonly used habitat. Finally, emergent vegetation was significantly utilized in post-winter. We concluded that many waterbirds reside in this wetland, and present study provides background data on the paucity of conservation attention paid to them by interested parties. Long-term follow-up studies will be helpful in identifying species-specific conservation measures for birds that depend on wetlands.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ganoderma leucocontextum, a New Addition to Indian Mycoflora from Kashmir Himalaya","authors":"Asif Hamid Dar, Aadil Rashid Sheikh, Abdul Hamid Wani, Wasim Sajad Malik","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023605980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023605980","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p><i>Ganoderma</i> Karst., a rot causing and lignin degrading genus of wild mushrooms exhibits remarkable variability in the basidiome morphology often leading to inconclusive species identification by conventional taxonomic procedure. Present study by making use of integrated morpho-anatomical and molecular approach of identification, recorded <i>G. leucocontextum</i> as a new addition to the wild mushroom flora of India.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heteranthery and Its Comparative Imputation in Two Wild Species of Crotalaria L.","authors":"Jayoti Devi, Priya Sharma, Pratibha Magotra, Namrata Sharma","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023604688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023604688","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Flowering plants display unsurpassed diversity in the morphology of their reproductive structures, including the stamens. Stamens within a flower are usually akin in appearance, however some species possess two, or occasionally three, structurally distinct types that often differ in reproductive function. This peculiar morphological differentiation of stamens and anthers within a flower is referred to as heteranthery. It occurs in at least 20 families distributed among 12 orders including Commelinaceae, Fabaceae, Lythraceae, Melastomaceae, etc. Functional significance of this feature has also been elaborated in several species. Genus <i>Crotalaria</i> of family Fabaceae is a classical example displaying this mechanism. Present work carried out on two species of genus <i>Crotalaria</i> i.e., <i>C. medicaginea</i> and <i>C. mysorensis</i>, forming natural population at an altitude of 426–1015 m a.s.l. in subtropical regimes of Northwestern Himalayas is aimed to address relative functional significance of this dimorphism. The dimorphism of anthers that includes shape, size, dehiscence time as well as size of pollen is associated with staggered presentation of pollen in both the species. As expected, this aids in delayed selfing and assurance of seed set. However, while heteranthery plays extremely significant role in the reproductive success of <i>C. mysorensis</i>, extent of contribution is relatively much lower in <i>C. medicaginea</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Water Quality on the Structure and Distribution of Benthic Community and Evaluation of the Lake’s Water with Some Water Quality Indices: A Case Study of Büyük Akgöl Lake","authors":"S. Aras, N. Arslan","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023603324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023603324","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In Büyük Akgöl, one of the most important lakes of Sakarya province in the Marmara region of Turkey, water and benthic sampling was carried out from five stations representing the lake seasonally between 2009 and 2010. As a result of the study, a total of 8736 individuals were collected from lake and that was a total of 24 species belonging to 36 taxa were identified. The benthic fauna community structure of the lake was classified with Turkish Biological Monitoring Working Party, Average Score Per-Taxon and Pielou’s Evenness, Shannon–Wiener. According to the TR-BMWP scores were in the IV and the III class while the ASPT analysis was classified as moderate, and was as very poor. J' values ranged between 0.62 and 0.73, and H' values ranged from 1.74 to 2.14. The water quality parameters of the lake were classified as “unsuitable” by WQI and as “very polluted” according to HEI whereas the SAR, Na, and NPI were classified as ‘excellent, good and no pollution.’ According to the classification of water pollution control regulation it was showed 1st, 2nd and 3rd quality water characteristic. Pb, Hg, Al, Se, Cd concentrations and turbidity were exceeded the limit values set by WHO.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Effect of Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae Family) Leaf Extracts on Female Drosophila melanogaster Suffering from Ultraviolet Irradiation through Activating the Keap1-Nrf2 Signaling Pathway","authors":"","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023604159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023604159","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p><em>Ginkgo biloba</em> leaf extracts (GBLE) possess strong physiological activities, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In the experiment, the mitigating effects of GBLE on ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced damage were studied in female <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> (<em>D. melanogaster</em>). Based on the concentration screening experiments, GBLE was finally added to the food medium at a concentration of 0.04 mg/mL to ameliorate the damage to female <em>D. melanogaster</em> suffering from the irradiating dose (300 μW/cm³, 40 cm, 50 min). The results indicated that the mean lifespan of <em>D. melanogaster</em> fed GBLE food was increased by 5.80% in comparison with that of the control group, and the climbing ability was increased by 69.79% with antioxidant capacity improvement, including a reduction in ROS levels in the fat body. Additionally, GBLE could also promote the recovery of cyclogeny and fertility of UV-damaged <em>D. melanogaster</em>. The gene expression levels in the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway were significantly promoted in female <em>D. melanogaster</em> suffering from UV radiation with GBLE supplementation, and according to the Nrf2-RNAi <em>D. melanogaster</em> experiments, GBLE ameliorated the effect of UV damage through activating the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140316894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Superoxide Dismutase Isoforms Activity and Defense System-Related Proteins’ Expression in Ascochyta Blight-Infected Chickpea Using 2D Electrophoresis Technique","authors":"Y. Shafiei, M. Mohsenzadeh Golfazani, A. Mostafaie, M. M. Taghvaei, H. Samizadeh Lahiji, A. Raza","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023603336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023603336","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Fungal diseases are crucial factors in reducing chickpea production. Ascochyta Blight is caused by the necrotrophic fungi <i>Didymella rabiei</i> and is one of the most destructive diseases in most world areas. Therefore, a completely randomized factorial design with five replications was applied to evaluate the effects of Ascochyta Blight disease fungi on the chickpea plant. The chlorophyll index, the activities of superoxide dismutase isoforms, and evolutionary analyses were performed to get further insights. Also, 2D electrophoresis of chickpea leaf proteins, gene ontology, and protein-protein interactions analysis was performed. The results did not show any significant effect of <i>A. rabiei</i> infection on the wet weight of chickpea seedlings. Chlorophyll index levels significantly decreased with <i>A. rabiei</i> infection in both chickpea lines. Electrophoretic analysis of superoxide dismutase on 8% polyacrylamide gel revealed three isoforms. The activities of superoxide dismutase isoforms significantly increased with <i>A. rabiei</i> disease. Identification of proteins was performed according to their isoelectric points and approximate molecular weights. Leaf proteome analysis of chickpea lines showed that the expression of eight reproducible spots changed significantly under <i>A. rabiei</i> disease condition. Candidate proteins were components of defense and regulation systems. High expression of Dual specificity protein, Peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase B2, and chloroplastic phosphatase 1B (the proteins involved in the defense system) reveals their essential functions under <i>A. rabiei</i> infection. Increased activities of superoxide dismutase enzymes and proteins involved in the defense system can reduce <i>A. rabiei</i> infection effects on chickpea seedlings.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Diversity of Butterflies (Insecta Lepidoptera) and Floral Resources of District Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India: A Systematic Checklist","authors":"Shivalika Sharma, Namita Joshi","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023602112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023602112","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This study deals with the checklist of Butterfly and the floral resources i.e., trees, herbs, shrubs, climbers, bamboo from District Haridwar Uttarakhand India. The study was carried out from April 2019–March 2020. Four sampling sites S1 i.e., Kangri (natural forest), S2, i.e., Jagjeetpur (agri-horticulture), S3 i.e., Laksar (Agriculture) and S4 i.e., Bahadrabad (Barren-industrial region) were selected for this study. A total of 84 species belonging to four families (Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae and Lycaenidae) were identified, with 7533 individuals belonging to four different groups. During the study period, the Nymphalidae family was found to be the most prevalent group while Family Papilionidae with least species diversity. A total of 96 species of plants were recorded from four sites. Kangri has rich floral diversity while Laksar has low floral diversity. Rich floral diversity in Kangri supports rich biodiversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artemisia neosinensis B.H. Jiao and T.G. Gao (Asteraceae), a New Addition to Flora of India from Jammu and Kashmir","authors":"Liyaqat Ali, Anzar Ahmad Khuroo, Aijaz H. Ganie, Debabrata Maity","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023605566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023605566","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p><i>Artemisia neosinensis</i> is reported here as first distribution record for India from Jammu and Kashmir. The taxonomic identification of species was confirmed on the basis of protologue, type specimen, floral parts, i.e., marginal female florets and disc florets, phyllaries and achene characters. Detailed distribution map, description, taxonomic notes and photographic illustrations are provided to facilitate easy and correct identification of this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methylene Blue Attenuates Impaired Cognitive Functions and Reduces Hippocampal Aβ Levels and Oxidative Stress in D-Galactose-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model","authors":"","doi":"10.1134/s106235902360455x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s106235902360455x","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Methylene blue (MB) has a long story of use and has been employed for various diseases, however, most of its current rekindled research is related to its function in the mitochondria. MB is gaining interest as a possible treatment because mitochondrial dysfunction is an apparent unifying pathogenic characteristic of a variety of neurodegenerative conditions. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by impairment of cognitive functions. This study aims to investigate whether MB treatment improves impaired cognitive functions and reduces hippocampal amyloid-β levels and oxidative stress in a D-galactose-induced AD mouse model. Twenty-four wild-type Balb/c mice were randomly divided into four groups (control, D-galactose-induced AD, MB-treated AD, and only MB-treated mice). Mice in the corresponding groups were injected with D-galactose (50 mg/kg, s.c.) for 60 days. In the MB treatment groups, the mice were treated with MB (2 mg/kg, orally) for the last 14 days of treatments. The Morris water maze test was used to assess spatial learning and memory functions. Amyloid β-42, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and nitric oxide levels in the hippocampi of mice were measured using ELISA and spectrophotometry. MB treatment improved impaired learning and memory functions induced by D-galactose administration and decreased amyloid β-42 concentration in the hippocampi of mice. Malondialdehyde level was found to decrease in MB-treated mice compared to D-galactose-induced AD mice in the hippocampus and plasma. The hippocampus of MB-treated mice displayed increased superoxide dismutase activity while decreased nitric oxide concentration compared to the ones of D-galactose-induced AD mice. MB has been shown to improve learning and memory impairments, as well as reduce Aβ-42 concentration and oxidative stress in the hippocampus of D-galactose-induced AD mice. The findings of this study demonstrate that MB may offer potential benefits as a repurposed agent for AD.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drosophila Tak1 Mediates the Condensation and Deubiquitinase Activity of Otu in a Kinase-Independent Manner","authors":"Chuchu Zhang, Xueli Shao, Zhuolan Xia, Yihua Xiao, Baoyi Hu, Yulong Yang, Xiangyun Li, Zhen Zhang, Abdul Qadeer, Yangyang Zhu","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023605013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023605013","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In the intricate molecular world, post-translational modifications play pivotal roles in modulating protein activity and function. The <i>Drosophila</i> <i>melanogaster</i> genome encodes an array of enzymes to mediate these processes. Here, we elucidate a previously unrecognized connection between the <i>Drosophila</i> transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (dTak1) and the deubiquitinase Ovarian tumor (Otu). We demonstrate that dTak1 mediates both the phase-separated condensation and the deubiquitinase enzymatical activity of Otu in a manner independent of its kinase function. Using a combination of biochemical assays and in vivo genetic interactions, our findings highlight the significance of dTak1 in orchestrating the assembly of Otu condensates, and consequently, in the regulation of Otu’s biological functions. Our studies underscore the multifaceted nature of protein-protein interactions and open up avenues for exploring non-traditional roles of kinases in cellular processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}