{"title":"Is a Giraffe's long neck a new machine built out of old parts? Commentary on age effects in second language acquisition: Expanding the emergentist account","authors":"Arturo E. Hernandez","doi":"10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105344","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55330,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Language","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 105344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49791259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The CPH is dead. Long live the critical period hypothesis","authors":"Emanuel Bylund , Gunnar Norrman","doi":"10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105341","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55330,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Language","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 105341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49791260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Studying second language acquisition in the age of large language models: Unlocking the mysteries of language and learning, A commentary on “Age effects in second language acquisition: Expanding the emergentist account” by Catherine L. Caldwell-Harris and Brian MacWhinney","authors":"Viorica Marian","doi":"10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105338","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55330,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Language","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 105338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49778313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What constitutes success in L2 learning? Time to rid ourselves of the holy grail of ‘ultimate attainment’","authors":"Annick De Houwer","doi":"10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105342","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55330,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Language","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 105342"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49791256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exposure is the proximal influence on second language acquisition","authors":"Amelia Lambelet , Virginia Valian","doi":"10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105339","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55330,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Language","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 105339"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49791258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Age and attainment in foreign language learning: The critical period account stands","authors":"ZhaoHong Han , Amy Baohan","doi":"10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105343","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55330,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Language","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 105343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49791257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rutvik H. Desai , Christopher T. Hackett , Karim Johari , Vicky T. Lai , Nicholas Riccardi
{"title":"Spatiotemporal characteristics of the neural representation of event concepts","authors":"Rutvik H. Desai , Christopher T. Hackett , Karim Johari , Vicky T. Lai , Nicholas Riccardi","doi":"10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Events are a fundamentally important part of our understanding of the world. How lexical concepts denoting events are represented in the brain remains controversial. We conducted two experiments using event and object nouns matched on a range of psycholinguistic variables, including concreteness, to examine spatial and temporal characteristics of event concepts. Both experiments used magnitude and valence tasks on event and object nouns. The fMRI experiment revealed a distributed set of regions for events, including the angular gyrus, anterior temporal lobe, and posterior cingulate across tasks. In the EEG experiment, events and objects differed in amplitude within the 300–500 ms window. Together these results shed light into the spatiotemporal characteristics of event concept representation and show that event concepts are represented in the putative hubs of the semantic system. While these hubs are typically associated with object semantics, they also represent events, and have a likely role in temporal integration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55330,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Language","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 105328"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Loubna El Ouardi , Mohamed Yeou , Yasmeen Faroqi-Shah
{"title":"Neural correlates of pronoun processing: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis","authors":"Loubna El Ouardi , Mohamed Yeou , Yasmeen Faroqi-Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pronouns are unique linguistic devices that allow for the expression of referential relationships. Despite their communicative utility, the neural correlates of the operations involved in reference assignment and/or resolution, are not well-understood. The present study synthesized the neuroimaging literature on pronoun processing to test extant theories of pronoun comprehension. Following the PRISMA guidelines and the<!--> <!-->best-practice recommendations for neuroimaging <em>meta</em>-analyses, a systematic literature search and record assessment were performed. As a result, 16 fMRI studies were included in the <em>meta</em>-analysis, and were coded in Scribe 3.6 for inclusion in the BrainMap database. The activation coordinates for the contrasts of interest were transformed into Talairach space and submitted to an Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) <em>meta</em>-analysis in GingerALE 3.0.1. The results indicated that pronoun processing had functional convergence in the left posterior middle and superior temporal gyri, potentially reflecting the retrieval, prediction and integration roles of these areas for pronoun processing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55330,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Language","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 105347"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Observing gesture at learning enhances subsequent phonological and semantic processing of L2 words: An N400 study","authors":"Laura M. Morett","doi":"10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study employed the N400 event-related potential (ERP) to investigate how observing different types of gestures at learning affects the subsequent processing of L2 Mandarin words differing in lexical tone by L1 English speakers. The effects of pitch gestures conveying lexical tones (e.g., upwards diagonal movements for rising tone), semantic gestures conveying word meanings (e.g., waving goodbye for to wave), and no gesture were compared. In a lexical tone discrimination task, larger N400s for Mandarin target words mismatching vs. matching Mandarin prime words in lexical tone were observed for words learned with pitch gesture. In a meaning discrimination task, larger N400s for English target words mismatching vs. matching Mandarin prime words in meaning were observed for words learned with pitch and semantic gesture. These findings provide the first neural evidence that observing gestures during L2 word learning enhances subsequent phonological and semantic processing of learned L2 words.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55330,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Language","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 105327"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41172742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of age, gender, and education on task performance and prefrontal cortex processing during emotional and non-emotional verbal fluency tests","authors":"Michael K. Yeung","doi":"10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The emotional semantic fluency test (SFT) is an emerging verbal fluency test that requires controlled access to emotional lexical information. Currently, how demographic variables influence neurocognitive processing during this test remains elusive. The present study compared the effects of age, gender, and education on task performance and prefrontal cortex (PFC) processing during the non-emotional and emotional SFTs. One-hundred and thirty-three Cantonese-speaking adults aged 18–79 performed the non-emotional and emotional SFTs while their PFC activation was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Results showed that more education predicted better non-emotional SFT performance, whereas younger age, being female, and more education predicted better emotional SFT performance. Only age significantly affected PFC activation during the SFTs, and the effect was comparable between the two SFTs. Thus, compared with its non-emotional analog, the emotional SFT is influenced by overlapping yet distinct demographic variables. There is a similar age-related reorganization of PFC function across SFT performances.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55330,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Language","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 105325"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41165635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}