Bulletin of the History of Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Health in Ruins: The Capitalist Destruction of Medical Care at a Colombian Maternity Hospital by César Ernesto Abadía-Barrero (review)","authors":"Hanni Jalil","doi":"10.1353/bhm.2023.a922718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2023.a922718","url":null,"abstract":"<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Health in Ruins: The Capitalist Destruction of Medical Care at a Colombian Maternity Hospital</em> by César Ernesto Abadía-Barrero <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Hanni Jalil </li> </ul> César Ernesto Abadía-Barrero. <em>Health in Ruins: The Capitalist Destruction of Medical Care at a Colombian Maternity Hospital</em>. Experimental Futures. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2022. xxiv + 287 pp. Ill. $27.95 (978-1-4780-1893-3). <p>This past February, Colombian president Gustavo Petro shared the specifics of one of his administration's most significant goals—reforming the country's health care system. As proposed, the reform seeks to provide and guarantee universal coverage, promote primary care, and improve health care workers' rights and protections. As Colombians debate the reform inside Congress, on the streets, and in their homes, César Ernesto Abadía-Barrero's book provides a timely window into understanding the effects of neoliberal health care reforms in transforming medical practice and health care in this country. In describing this transformation, he has written a rich, multilayered, and collaborative ethnography of El Materno, the country's oldest maternity, neonatal health care center and teaching hospital, and one of the country's most visible symbols of the social pact that characterized the welfare state in Latin America in the second half of the twentieth century. The author defines this ethnographic exercise as a collective and political project, one that acknowledges the ethnographers' dual role as scientists and fellow citizens and that relies not on a single authorial voice but instead on a team of scholars and activists whose voices and experiences inform the book's arguments and contributions.</p> <p>The history of El Materno, its workers, students, professors, and patients, illustrates the effects of market-based health care reforms on public institutions. But this is not a linear or neatly packaged story. Instead, it shows that while neoliberal reforms altered how we imagine health and medicine, physicians, nurses, staff, and patients at El Materno embodied and fought to preserve \"epistemologies of care\" that challenged market-based and for-profit logic. Abadía-Barrero and collaborators use the term \"epistemologies of care\" to describe \"how medical care is created, practiced, taught, experienced, researched, validated and confronted\" (p. 3). Through their analysis of the conflicts and tensions that arise when different \"epistemologies of care\" are confronted, we learn about the cultural norms and health care practices embodied by workers, students, and professors at El Materno and the ways they resisted the \"commodification of health\" (p. 4). <em>Health in Ruins</em> shows how neoliberal health policies became hegemonic <em>and</em> how they were continuously challenged and contested. As the book departs from a Gramscian understanding of hegemony as never comp","PeriodicalId":55304,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140199354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Illness, Pain, and Health Care in Early Christianity by Helen Rhee (review)","authors":"Meg Leja","doi":"10.1353/bhm.2023.a922719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2023.a922719","url":null,"abstract":"<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Illness, Pain, and Health Care in Early Christianity</em> by Helen Rhee <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Meg Leja </li> </ul> Helen Rhee. <em>Illness, Pain, and Health Care in Early Christianity</em>. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 2022. xvi + 352 pp. $49.99 (978-0-8028-7684-3). <p>Rhee tackles a complicated topic in this study of how early Christians developed their own narratives of illness and approaches to healing as they engaged with Greco-Roman philosophical writings and rational medical traditions. In this, she builds on her previous books, which examine the formation of Christian communities in the late Roman Empire, focusing in particular on questions of poverty and wealth.</p> <p>The book's structure is clearly conveyed in the title, with five chapters that cover illness, pain, and health care in either \"Greco-Roman\" or \"early Christian\" culture. Chapter 1 treats understandings of disease and health in Greek and Latin works by Hippocrates, Plato, Galen, Plutarch, Aelius Aristides, and Marcus Aurelius, while chapter 2 examines the same themes in ancient and late antique Jewish and Christian religious texts. Chapter 3 demonstrates Christian continuity with Galenic and Stoic conceptions of pain even as Christians reevaluated suffering as a positive force in uniting a community. Finally, chapters 4 and 5 take up the provision of bodily healing within Greco-Roman temple and popular medicine <strong>[End Page 642]</strong> and then Christian communities both before and after the legalization of the religion under Constantine in 313 CE. Though Rhee acknowledges that Christian identity was \"essentially relational\" (p. 2), her methodology tends to treat Greco-Roman and Christian as stable, demarcated categories, with only brief attention to identity formation in the context of internal conflicts, as (for instance) between orthodox and Gnostic Christians or Galenic adherents and the Methodists. In her discussion of a third- or fourth-century Greek charm for uterine suffocation (p. 216), translated and analyzed by Christopher Faraone, Rhee notes the blending of Galenic theory and magical healing but says nothing about the common ground shared by Greek, Jewish, and Christian exorcisms that is suggested here. In such manner, the book does little to challenge ingrained categories of \"pagan\" and \"Christian\" or \"rational\" and \"popular\" medicine.</p> <p>In the introduction Rhee states that she will concentrate on the second through fifth centuries (p. 1), but her thematic interests draw her far earlier in scope, back to the Tanakh and Second Temple literature as well as the Hippocratic Corpus. Although, when it comes to the Church Fathers, she deals with several fifth-century thinkers—Augustine (d. 430 CE), John Cassian (d. 435 CE), and Theodoret of Cyrrhus (d. 457 CE) all appear in chapter 2—with regard to medical writings Rhee prioritizes authors of the second century over those of the fourt","PeriodicalId":55304,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140199359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"News and Events","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/bhm.2023.a922711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2023.a922711","url":null,"abstract":"<p> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> News and Events <!-- /html_title --></li> </ul> <h2>Council and Committees, 2023–2024</h2> <p><em>Officers</em><br/> Barron Lerner (President), Mary Fissell (Vice President), Sarah Handley-Cousins (Secretary), Scott Podolsky (Treasurer), Keith Wailoo (Immediate Past President)</p> <p><em>Council</em> (2021–2024): Pablo F. Gómez, Wangui Muigai, Jacob Steere-Williams, Harry Yi-Jui-Wu<br/> <em>Council</em> (2022–2025): Adam Biggs, Mary Augusta Brazelton, Projit Bihari Mukharji, Kelly O'Donnell<br/> <em>Council</em> (2023–2026): Prinisha Badassy, Pratik Chakrabarti, Deborah Doroshow, Abena Dove Osseo-Asare</p> <p><em>NOTE: When the term of a committee member extends beyond 2023–2026, the year in which the appointment terminates is shown in parentheses after the member's name</em>.</p> <p><em>Committee on Annual Meetings</em><br/> Russell Johnson (Chair), Stephen Greenberg, Sydney Halpren, Todd Olszewski, Andrew Ruis, Dominique Tobbell, Jodi Koste, ex-officio</p> <p><em>Delegate to American Council of Learned Societies</em><br/> David Barnes</p> <p><em>Delegate to International Society for the History of Medicine</em><br/> Andrew Nadell</p> <p><em>Development Committee</em><br/> Margaret Marsh (Chair), Nick Bonneau, Charlotte Borst, Julie Fairman, Amanda Mahoney, Wanda Ronner, Dale Smith, Jai Virdi</p> <p><em>Diversity and Inclusion Committee</em><br/> Catherine Mas (Chair), Ojo Afolabi, Jeanna Kinnebrew, Nicolas Fernandez-Medina, Jeremy Montgomery, Matthew Romaniello <strong>[End Page 685]</strong></p> <p><em>Education and Outreach Committee</em><br/> Adam Biggs (Chair), Justin Barr, Scottie Buehler, Debjani Das, Tolulope Fadeyi, Natalie Shibley, Eva Ward, Mike Wong</p> <p><em>Estes Award Committee</em><br/> Mical Raz (Chair), Jacob Appel, Yan Liu, Todd Olszewski, Robin Rohrer</p> <p><em>Finance Committee</em><br/> Deborah Doroshow (Chair), John Emrich, Stephen Greenberg</p> <p><em>Garrison Lecture Committee</em><br/> Lara Freidenfelds (Chair), Chris Hamlin, Judy Houck, Alisha Rankin</p> <p><em>Genevieve Miller Lifetime Achievement Award Committee</em><br/> Beatrix Hoffman (Chair), David Courtwright, Joshua Gustafson</p> <p><em>George Rosen Prize Committee</em><br/> Marta Hanson (Chair), Emily Baum, Donna Drucker, Amy Fairchild, Evan Hart</p> <p><em>Local Arrangements Committee</em><br/> Ann Arbor, Michigan, 2023: Alexandra Stern (Co-Chair), Joel Howell (Co-Chair), Laura Hirshbein (Co-Chair), Gianna Sanchez, Cheyenne Pettit</p> <p><em>NewsLetter</em><br/> Jodi L. Koste, Editor</p> <p><em>Nominating Committee</em><br/> Lauren Thompson (Chair), Aparna Nair, Sharrona Pearl</p> <p><em>William Osler Medal Committee</em><br/> Susan Lederer (Chair), Carrie Meyer, Aparna Nair, Rachel Moran, Adrian Poniatowski<br/> <em>Pressman-Burroughs Wellcome Award Committee</em><br/> Nancy Tomes (Chair), Wendy Kline, Kylie Smith <strong>[End Page 686]</strong></p> <p><em>Program Committee</em><br/> Elena Conis (Co-Chair), Samuel Kelton Ro","PeriodicalId":55304,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140199267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual Plague: The Emergence of Epidemic Photography by Christos Lynteris (review)","authors":"Christine Slobogin","doi":"10.1353/bhm.2023.a922722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2023.a922722","url":null,"abstract":"<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Visual Plague: The Emergence of Epidemic Photography</em> by Christos Lynteris <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Christine Slobogin </li> </ul> Christos Lynteris. <em>Visual Plague: The Emergence of Epidemic Photography</em>. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2022. xviii + 304 pp. Ill. $45.00 (978-0-262-54422-1). <p>Christos Lynteris's <em>Visual Plague</em> takes a historical-anthropological approach to the visual culture of the third plague pandemic (1894–1959). With this pandemic as his starting point, Lynteris argues that it is not simply a <em>medical</em> photography that defines epidemics but rather \"an autonomous genre of visualization: <em>epidemic photography</em>\" (p. 1). This extrication of \"epidemic photography\" from the more <strong>[End Page 650]</strong> capacious \"medical photography\" is a necessary and important intervention, as this visual material is different in many ways from the medical photography alternatively called \"clinical\" photography. Instead of focusing on the \"what\" of disease, epidemic photography focuses on the \"how and why\" (p. 5). Lynteris convincingly lays out the myriad definitions and iterations of epidemic photography in this period, showing the crucial role that this emerging visual culture—which depicted neighborhoods, soldiers, patients, or laboratories, among other subjects—played in both public perceptions and scientific understandings of the disease, its effects, and measures taken to stop it.</p> <p>Lynteris opens by successfully convincing the reader of the importance of his subject matter by placing it in the context of twenty-first-century epidemics and pandemics that have been introduced to and followed by the public via photographs. But Lynteris misses an opportunity in the beginning of this book to engage with twenty-first-century ethical discussions around displaying and circulating historical images of real patients and potentially distressing medical interventions. This ethical grounding is particularly missed in <em>Visual Plague</em> when one turns a page to be confronted with an image of plague-induced necrosis across a patient's face (p. 29) or of corpses in a mass grave (p. 56). Another concern arises with Lynteris's use of the word \"coolie\" without full contextualization. The reader first encounters this offensive, racialized term in a primary source evidencing Sinophobia (p. 54), but it is used several other times throughout the chapters. While its use may be necessary for Lynteris to write this history, an examination of the origin and meaning of this word would have been welcome early on in <em>Visual Plague</em> to provide reasons for using it and to assure the reader that the racism historically perpetuated by this term is not also perpetuated in this book.</p> <p>These small but not insignificant qualms aside, the chapters of <em>Visual Plague</em> outline complex ideas clearly, and Lynteris successfully ties longer historie","PeriodicalId":55304,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140199343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Getting Under Our Skin: The Cultural and Social History of Vermin by Lisa T. Sarasohn (review)","authors":"Michelle Webb","doi":"10.1353/bhm.2023.a922716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2023.a922716","url":null,"abstract":"<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Getting Under Our Skin: The Cultural and Social History of Vermin</em> by Lisa T. Sarasohn <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Michelle Webb </li> </ul> Lisa T. Sarasohn. <em>Getting Under Our Skin: The Cultural and Social History of Vermin</em>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2021. xii + 280 pp. Ill. $30.00 (978-1-4214-4138-2). <p>There are not many historical monographs that combine subject matter as diverse as Thomas Becket's mortification of his flesh, Charles Darwin's theories about lice, and Donald Trump's insults toward Bernie Sanders. Lisa T. Sarasohn's latest work covers all of this ground and more, encompassing everything from Christina of Sweden shooting fleas from a tiny cannon to the atrocities of the Holocaust. The unifying theme here is vermin, the despised creatures that have historically infested bodies and homes. But this work addresses not just responses to the bites, foul odors, and diseases that these creatures have inflicted upon humanity. Instead Sarasohn has produced a compelling and convincing account of how those who wish to denigrate their enemies have customarily accused them of either hosting and spreading vermin, or of actually being vermin. This is a history of rats and fleas and of prophylactic ointments made from roasted cats, but it is also a history of gas chambers made to resemble delousing showers. It is the history of othering, of racism and xenophobia, of class-based prejudice, and of the fear of the filthy other.</p> <p>Sarasohn has ordered her huge range of material within a strict taxonomical and chronological framework. Bedbugs, fleas, lice, and rats are assigned two chapters each, one concentrating upon the premodern period, the other upon the modern world. Each section would be entirely comprehensible if read in isolation, but the cumulative effect is impressive and reveals the extent to which this apparently niche area of scholarship is nothing of the sort. In addition to being able to trace the development of a particularly pernicious strain of dehumanization, this book also enables the reader to gain insight into both changing views of the human body and changing expectations of what that body should be expected to endure. By drawing attention to such areas as early modern acceptance of bedbug bites (only their smell was believed intolerable), Sarasohn traces how and when being infested became both personally and socially unacceptable. The increasing assumption among at least part of the population that it should be possible to be physically comfortable at will is made visible here, and I would argue that this is part of the history of how the elite withdrew or attempted to withdraw from popular culture, in this case that culture being expressed primarily through itching.</p> <p><em>Getting Under Our Skin</em> is based upon extensive familiarity with the relevant historiography, and the text is meticulously annotated. It also util","PeriodicalId":55304,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140199345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health and Efficiency: Fatigue, the Science of Work, and the Making of the Working-Class Body by Steffan Blayney (review)","authors":"Whitney Laemmli","doi":"10.1353/bhm.2023.a922717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2023.a922717","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Reviewed by:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt; &lt;!-- html_title --&gt; &lt;em&gt;Health and Efficiency: Fatigue, the Science of Work, and the Making of the Working-Class Body&lt;/em&gt;by Steffan Blayney &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; Whitney Laemmli &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; Steffan Blayney. &lt;em&gt;Health and Efficiency: Fatigue, the Science of Work, and the Making of the Working-Class Body&lt;/em&gt;. Activist Studies of Science &amp; Technology&lt;/article-title&gt;. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2022. xii + 248 pp. Ill. $28.95 (978-1-62534-649-0). &lt;p&gt;Pop open a jar of Bovril in 1916 and you would have encountered a thick, glossy paste with a salty tang and the powerful odor of meat. The substance, first known as Johnston's Fluid Beef, had been developed for Napoleon III's troops in the Franco-Prussian War, but by the first decades of the twentieth century it had become a &lt;strong&gt;[End Page 652]&lt;/strong&gt;popular consumer good in Britain. Some savored Bovril slathered on toast with a bit of butter; others diluted it with water to make a warm \"beef tea.\" As Steffan Blayney discusses in his &lt;em&gt;Health and Efficiency: Fatigue, the Science of Work, and the Making of the Working-Class Body&lt;/em&gt;, however, Bovril's popularity was not the result of a spontaneous burst of enthusiasm for meat goo. Instead, its ubiquity was entwined with its maker's promise that Bovril could banish fatigue and boost energy among the country's industrial workers, transforming the \"imperfect biological material of the human body\" into a \"maximally efficient productive machine\" (p. 118).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Indeed, Blayney uses Bovril—alongside a host of other foodstuffs, medical products, and factory floor interventions—as part of the book's larger effort to examine the development and consequences of the \"new sciences of work\" in Britain between 1870 and 1939. Beginning by exploring how developments in late nineteenth-century thermodynamics helped produce an idea of the human body as a machine amenable to optimization, Blayney then traces the effects of this conceptual shift on physiological and psychological research, workplace practice, popular culture, and workers' own bodies. The broad outlines of this story—including the hope that the right kind of scientific expertise could provide an \"objective,\" politically neutral solution to the problem of worker unrest—will likely be familiar, especially to readers of Anson Rabinbach's classic text &lt;em&gt;The Human Motor&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;But while Rabinbach focused on developments in continental Europe and the United States, Blayney trains his attention on the United Kingdom, rooting his discussion in the specifics of national dynamics and institutions, including World War I's Health of Munition Workers Committee and the interwar period's Industrial Fatigue Research Board and National Institute of Industrial Psychology. Blayney also pays special attention to the ways in which industrial physiology and industrial psychology eventually supplanted the more obviously coercive te","PeriodicalId":55304,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140199344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Underrepresented Minority Recruitment: Manpower as Motivator in Late Twentieth-Century Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy","authors":"Andrew J. Hogan","doi":"10.1353/bhm.2023.a922709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2023.a922709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>summary:</p><p>This article offers a historical perspective on diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives in health professions. Historians have highlighted how workforce shortages have facilitated increased gender diversity in male-dominated scientific and clinical occupations. Less attention has been given to manpower as a motivator for enhancing racial/ethnic diversity. I explore the history of minority recruitment, retention, and inclusion initiatives in occupational therapy and physical therapy after 1970 and examine the evolving ways in which the longstanding underrepresentation of racial/ethnic minority health professions students and practitioners was recognized, mobilized, and instrumentalized in each field. I argue that broad-based manpower concerns, though often compelling initial motivators for action, were insufficient for sustaining successful and long-term minority initiatives, due to constant shifts in job market demand. Instead, this article shows that annual and institutionalized minority-specific awards and fundraisers were the most effective strategies for maintaining minority recruitment initiatives over multiple decades.</p></p>","PeriodicalId":55304,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140199350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hide and Seek: Elmer Belt, Agnes, and the Battle over Castration in Transsexual Surgery, 1953-1962.","authors":"Howard Chiang","doi":"10.1353/bhm.2024.a944546","DOIUrl":"10.1353/bhm.2024.a944546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the 1950s, the idea of sex change increasingly assumed the mainstay of public interest. As psychiatrists and psychologists developed new understandings of gender, the role of surgeons is often overlooked in the early history of sex reassignment. This article explores the work of one such doctor, Elmer Belt, a urologist based in Los Angeles. Between 1953 and 1962, Belt operated on twenty-nine male-to-female patients in the face of ethical and material obstacles. Working closely with Harry Benjamin, Belt developed a surgical technique that transplanted the testes inside the abdomen rather than involving full castration. He became involved in the famous case of Agnes Torres, on which other high-profile scientists based their invention of such seminal concepts as \"passing\" and \"gender identity.\" Belt's utilization of Agnes as exemplary evidence to support his technique illustrates how and why testicular retention remained a heated topic in the development of transsexual science.</p>","PeriodicalId":55304,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine","volume":"98 3","pages":"394-427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specialists on Stage: Neurosurgeons, Mass Media, and the Performance of Expertise in the Dutch Welfare State, ca. 1950-1985.","authors":"Bart Lutters","doi":"10.1353/bhm.2024.a955175","DOIUrl":"10.1353/bhm.2024.a955175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article traces the remarkable transition of the Dutch neurosurgeons from a rather shielded group of specialists in the early 1950s to a publicly accountable professional community by the mid-1980s. It describes how the neurosurgeons aligned their specialty to the problems and sentiments of the welfare state. In doing so, they exchanged traditional notions of expert authority and doctor anonymity for public performances of expertise that enabled them to stage their specialty in a way that resonated with society and served their professional goals. During this professionalization process, they increasingly came to embody the public image they enacted, seamlessly blending strategic role-play with the genuine performance of professional identity. By analyzing the way the Dutch neurosurgeons adapted their expert performances to the changing rules of expertise in postwar society, the article addresses the entangled relationship between medicine, media, the state, and society in the second half of the twentieth century.</p>","PeriodicalId":55304,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine","volume":"98 4","pages":"587-619"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"News and Events.","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/bhm.2024.a955178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2024.a955178","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55304,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine","volume":"98 4","pages":"683-685"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}