Clinical Neuropsychologist最新文献

{"title":"Artificial intelligence and natural language processing in modern clinical neuropsychology: A narrative review.","authors":"Brittany Wolff","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2025.2547934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2025.2547934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Advances in natural language processing (NLP) promise to augment traditional neuropsychological assessment by transforming speech and text into objective digital biomarkers. This narrative review synthesizes NLP research, evaluates its incremental diagnostic value across neurodegenerative, neurological, neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, and posits recommendations for adoption in clinical neuropsychology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping search of PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science retrieved 56 empirical studies applying NLP within neuropsychological contexts. Manuscripts were critically appraised with attention to data source, linguistic features, modelling approach, validation strategy and clinical utility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across neuropsychological syndromes, NLP reliably extracts lexical, syntactic and acoustic markers with pooled area-under-the-curve estimates exceeding 0.85, often outperforming legacy tests while requiring only brief speech samples or existing electronic health-record text. Transformer-based language models further enable real-time documentation support, longitudinal surveillance and personalized feedback. Nonetheless, small homogeneous training sets, limited external calibration and opaque decision pathways threaten generalizability and clinician trust, and implementation of NLP must address algorithmic bias, cultural-linguistic representativeness, ethical privacy standards, and explainability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To realize NLP's potential, neuropsychologists must cultivate foundational literacy in computational linguistics, follow transparent reporting, embed privacy-preserving pipelines, and co-design explainable dashboards that contextualize machine inferences within holistic case formulations. Scaled, demographically balanced consortia and multimodal fusion with neuroimaging and wearables are priority directions. Properly implemented, NLP can render assessment more objective, efficient and equitable, positioning language as a central biomarker and integrating linguistically informed artificial intelligence to extend the reach of neuropsychological services.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144876832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-cultural functional assessment for dementia: A commentary.","authors":"Clara Calia, Freddie O'Donald, Sanne Franzen, Alfonso Delgado Alvarez, Anna Jane Dreyer, Inmaculada Ibanez-Casas, Jessica Jiang, Julia C Daugherty, Magda Jordao, Marco Canevelli, Naaheed Mukadam, Pauline Narme, T Rune Nielsen, Simone Pomati, Tamlyn Watermeyer, Vaitsa Giannouli","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2025.2543913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2025.2543913","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Dementia diagnosis relies on assessing functional decline, yet widely used assessment tools are often developed in Euro-American contexts, limiting their cross-cultural validity. This commentary highlights key challenges in functional assessment across cultures and proposes a framework for enhancing their applicability and equity.</p><p><p><b>Method:</b> We critically examine methodological limitations in current functional assessment tools, including poor cultural adaptability, inadequate validation processes, and limited stakeholder engagement. Drawing on existing literature, we propose a multidimensional framework integrating cultural perceptions, robust adaptation strategies, and participatory approaches to improve assessment relevance.</p><p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Functional assessments must balance cultural specificity with broad applicability to ensure accurate dementia detection across diverse populations. Identifying transcultural markers of functional decline, engaging local communities, and systematically adapting tools through rigorous validation will enhance their diagnostic utility. A culturally inclusive approach to functional assessment can reduce disparities in dementia diagnosis and care worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144876833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Best practices in feedback and remediation in clinical neuropsychology training.","authors":"Carolyn R Anderson, Calvin L Chou, Danielle N Shapiro","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2025.2542454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2025.2542454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Effective feedback is necessary for professional growth. However, guidelines and strategies for the delivery of competency-based feedback are not well-established in the field of neuropsychology. Even more complex is managing situations in which trainees require extra support; namely, developing and implementing remediation plans to help trainees to meet their benchmark competencies. <b>Method:</b> A critical review of the existing literature on feedback and remediation for medical and psychology trainees. <b>Conclusion:</b> We draw on the existing medical and psychology literature to help training directors, programs, and supervisors in clinical neuropsychology establish best practices in feedback and remediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144857100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Considerations when assessing cognition in children with cerebral palsy.","authors":"Lena Elin Lorentzen, Sandra Julsen Hollung, Kristine Stadskleiv","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2025.2547010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2025.2547010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To describe cognitive assessment results in relation to clinical characteristics in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and to compare methods for calculating composite scores, taking their motor impairments into account. <b>Method:</b> All children registered in the Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy born 2002-2014 were included. The contribution of clinical characteristics per assessment results were investigated using one-way ANOVA (eta-squared (<i>η²</i>) effect size) and multiple linear regression analyzes. Composite scores were compared with paired samples t-test (Cohen's <i>d</i> effect size). <b>Results:</b> Of the 1532 children with CP registered, 972 (63.4%) had a cognitive assessment. An Intelligence Quotient (IQ) score was available for 451 (46.4%) of the assessed children (range 40 - 129, mean 82.3). Twenty-two percent had an intellectual disability. Mean IQ was lowest in children with spastic quadriplegic CP, epilepsy, and/or severe hearing impairment (effect sizes were small, <i>η²</i> = 0.05, 0.05 and 0.01, respectively). The Verbal Comprehension Index score was highest and Visual Spatial Index lowest, with moderate effect size, <i>d</i> = 0.7. Fine motor skills and speech ability contributed most towards explaining variability in Wechsler Full Scale IQ (FSIQ). General Ability Index, Fluid Reasoning Index and Nonmotor Full Scale Score were higher than FSIQ, with small to moderate effect sizes of <i>d</i> = 0.61, 0.46 and 0.62, respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> Variability in cognitive functioning underscores the importance of individual assessments. Better scores were obtained on composite measures using subtests that did not place high demands on fine motor skills, indicating a need for tailoring assessment practice to children with CP.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144857101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adoption of the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology uniform labeling of performance test scores in Norway: Towards a global standard?","authors":"Rune Raudeberg, Stian Stangeland Maroni, Marianne Løvstad, Annette Holth Skogan, Tor Ivar Hansen, Alexander Olsen, Thomas J Guilmette","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2025.2547012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2025.2547012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> To describe the process resulting in the implementation of the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology's (AACN) recommendations of uniform labeling of performance test scores in Norway and the challenges encountered in translating the AACN test score labels into Norwegian. In 2021, the Norwegian Neuropsychological Society (NNS) launched a working group to establish and recommend a system of qualitative labels to describe results from performance-based tests with normal and non-normal distributions. This initiative was largely inspired by the AACN consensus statement, published in <i>The Clinical Neuropsychologist</i> by Guilmette et al. in 2020. <b>Results:</b> The working group recommended that the NNS should adopt the AACN uniform test score labels. However, the test score labels proved challenging to translate into Norwegian and several alternatives were considered. At the NNS annual meeting in 2023 consensus was reached and the recommended test labels were subsequently published in the NNS Guidelines and Principles for Clinical Neuropsychological Practice in 2024. <b>Conclusions/Importance:</b> This is the second formal attempt by a professional neuropsychological community to make recommendations for uniform performance test score labels. This might also represent the first small step towards a global standard of test labeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144857099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications and applications for competency-based training in the context of the Minnesota Guidelines for education and training in clinical neuropsychology.","authors":"Amy Heffelfinger, Celiane Rey-Casserly","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2025.2543912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2025.2543912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> A major goal of the Minnesota Conference was to update competencies for the Clinical Neuropsychology specialty. The proposed competencies build on previously published competencies by centering competencies in a framework of equity, justice, cultural respect, and inclusion consistent with the current version of the APA Multicultural Guidelines. Additional essential competencies were established for Technology and Innovation, and Health and Professional Advocacy. The objectives of this paper are to provide the context for competency-based training and to provide a methodology to training directors, at any level of clinical neuropsychology training, for building a competency-based training program. <b>Method:</b> Competencies are the foundation for a training program, defining what is essential to practice independently as a clinical neuropsychologist. This paper provides a roadmap for training programs to systematically create a competency-based training program. Using resources from the American Psychological Association's Commission on Accreditation for competency-based training in psychology, this process can both be consistent with the broad competencies and also rely on the unique resources available at the training site. <b>Conclusions:</b> Despite concerns and consternation across the field of clinical neuropsychology regarding the Minnesota Guidelines, training of students in clinical neuropsychology programs at the doctoral-level, internship, and postdoctoral fellowship benefits from updated competencies. Having a roadmap to guide training programs for building and implementing competency-based training provides an important process and resource for training directors.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1-29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144838645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distortion errors characterise visuo-constructive performance in Huntington's disease.","authors":"Angelica Di Cecca, Ciro Rosario Ilardi, Flavio Della Pia, Chiara Criscuolo, Sergio Della Sala, Elena Salvatore","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2411740","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2411740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Visuospatial deficits have been extensively studied in Huntington's disease (HD), particularly in relation to visuomotor integration, with less emphasis on visuo-constructive abilities. Quantitative analyses have demonstrated that individuals with HD perform worse than healthy controls (HC) but similarly to people with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of the present study was to conduct a qualitative investigation of visuo-constructive abilities in both HD and AD. By employing both simple and complex tasks, we hypothesized that a qualitative analysis of performance would reveal a distinct pattern of errors specific to HD. <b>Methods:</b> Participants for this study were identified retrospectively. The sample included 41 individuals with HD, 25 with AD, and 35 HC. All participants underwent a neuropsychological battery, which included the Constructional Apraxia Test (CAT) and the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) test. <b>Results:</b> Our results showed no significant quantitative difference in visuo-constructive performance between the two patient groups. However, distinct qualitative patterns of drawing errors emerged. Simplifications were more frequent in the AD group, while distortions were distinctive errors in the HD group. These qualitative error patterns were consistent across both the CAT and ROCF. <b>Conclusion:</b> Our study emphasises the value of qualitative analysis in interpreting visuo-constructive performance, shifting the focus from \"how much\" a participant achieves to \"how\" they perform a neuropsychological task. This qualitative approach is useful to capture the complexity and variability of individual performance, providing deeper insight into the cognitive processes affected by different neurological conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1615-1633"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142481391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semantic memory navigation in HIV: Conceptual associations and word selection patterns.","authors":"Carolina A Gattei, Franco J Ferrante, Bárbara Sampedro, Lucas Sterpin, Valeria Abusamra, Lorena Abusamra, Paola Andrea Cañataro, Adolfo M García","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2417844","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2417844","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> This proof-of-concept study aimed to characterize semantic memory profiles in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and mild neurocognitive impairment. <b>Method:</b> Using a semantic relatedness task, we explored conceptual association and word selection patterns in people living with HIV (PLWH; <i>n</i> = 50) relative to people living without HIV (<i>n</i> = 46). We also studied whether word selection patterns in the PLWH group were associated with working memory capacity, cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control. <b>Results:</b> While accuracy did not differ between groups, PLWH produced significantly longer responses than controls (<i>r</i> = .32), with fewer hypernyms (<i>d</i> = .47), more troponyms (<i>r</i> = .37), and words that were more frequent (<i>r</i> = .39) and had more phonological neighbors (<i>r</i> = .22). These patterns survived covariation with participants' cognitive status. None of these patterns correlated with measures of working memory, cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control or viral load (all correlation coefficients <i><</i> .36). <b>Conclusions:</b> Together, these results suggest that PLWH might use alternative word finding strategies during semantic memory navigation, irrespective of the severity of other cognitive symptoms. Such findings contribute to the characterization of cognitive deficits in HIV and to the search for novel markers of the condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1598-1614"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12012158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large-scale evidence for the validity of remote MoCA administration among people with cerebellar ataxia.","authors":"Yael De Picciotto, Avigail Lithwick Algon, Inbal Amit, Eli Vakil, William Saban","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2397835","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2397835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b>: For over half a century, studies of rare diseases using in-person cognitive tools have faced challenges, such as long study periods and small sample sizes (e.g. <i>n</i> = 10). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was widely employed to assess mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We aimed to validate a modified online version of the MoCA in a large sample of a rare disease (population prevalence < .01%). <b>Method</b>: First, we analyzed 20 previous findings (<i>n</i> = 1,377), comparing the MoCA scores between large groups of neurotypically healthy (NH; <i>n</i> = 837) and cerebellar ataxia (CA; <i>n</i> = 540), where studies were conducted in-person. Second, we administered the MoCA in-person to a group of NH (<i>n</i> = 41) and a large group of CA (<i>n</i> = 103). Third, we administered a video conferencing version of the MoCA to NH (<i>n</i> = 38) and a large group of CA (<i>n</i> = 83). <b>Results</b>: We observed no performance differences between online and in-person MoCA administration in the NH and CA groups (<i>p</i> > .05, <i>η</i>² = 0.001), supporting reliability. Additionally, our online CA group had lower MoCA scores than the NH group (<i>p</i> < .001, Hedges' <i>g</i> = 0.68). This result is consistent with previous studies, as demonstrated by our forest plot across 20 previous in-person findings, supporting construct validity. <b>Conclusion</b>: The results indicate that an online screening tool is valid in a large sample of individuals with CA. Online testing is not only time and cost-effective, but facilitates disease management and monitoring, ultimately enabling early detection of MCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1634-1650"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive reserve in the recovery and rehabilitation of stroke and traumatic brain injury: A systematic review.","authors":"Giulia Oliva, Fabio Masina, Nazanin Hosseinkhani, Sonia Montemurro, Giorgio Arcara","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2405226","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13854046.2024.2405226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Cognitive reserve (CR) is the brain's ability to cope with changes related to aging and/or disease. Originally introduced to explain individual differences in the clinical manifestations of dementia, CR has recently emerged as a relevant construct in stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI). This systematic review aims to investigate whether CR could predict post-stroke and TBI clinical recovery and rehabilitation outcomes, and how different variables used to estimate CR (i.e., proxies) are related to the prognosis and effectiveness of rehabilitation in these clinical populations. <b>Method:</b> A search was made in Pubmed, Embase, and PsycInfo for articles published until 12 January 2023, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) protocol guidelines. <b>Results:</b> 31 studies were included after completing all screening stages. Overall, results show that a higher CR was associated with a better prognosis and a more effective rehabilitation in most of the clinical aspects considered: cognitive functioning, functional, occupational, and socio-emotional abilities, as well as psychiatric and neurological scales. <b>Conclusions:</b> A higher CR seems to be associated with a more favorable prognosis and a better rehabilitation outcome after stroke and TBI. Results suggest that CR should be taken into account in clinical practice to make more accurate predictions about recovery and effectiveness of rehabilitation. However, some inconsistencies suggest the need for further investigations, possibly using multiple proxies for CR.</p>","PeriodicalId":55250,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1450-1486"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142301441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}