Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Effects of prolonged fasting on substrate metabolism in female Japanese quails","authors":"Chong-Xiang Xu , Jun-Kun Pan , Lan-Hua Wu , Zi-Fan Jin , Shan-Shan Chen , Jin-Wen Liu , Jin-Song Liu , Ming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food stands as a pivotal environmental element that exerts a profound influence on the survival of animals. Faced with food shortages, animals need to develop morphological, physiological, and behavioral strategies to improve their survival adaptability. Animals undergoing fasting tend to mobilize the reserved substances in the body to meet the energy needs for metabolism. In the present investigation, we assessed the influence of prolonged fasting on various physiological parameters related to fat catabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and protein catabolism in female Japanese quails (<em>Coturnix japonica</em>). The treatment of Japanese quails was divided into four stages: the pre-fasting stage, Phase I (fasting for 1 day), Phase II (fasting for 4 days), and Phase III (fasting for 6–11 days). Compared with the pre-fasting stage, the following indicators changed significantly during prolonged fasting. (1) Fat catabolism: In the liver, the level of lipid droplets and free fatty acids (FFA), the activity of triacylglycerol lipase (TGL), the activity and mRNA level of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthetase (<em>HMGCS</em>), and the level of β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) in the serum increased significantly, while the activity and mRNA level of carnitine acyltransferase I (<em>CPT<img>I</em>) and carnitine acyltransferase II (<em>CPT-II</em>) decreased significantly. (2) Carbohydrate metabolism: The activity and mRNA levels of the pyruvate carboxylase (<em>PC</em>) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (<em>PEPCK</em>) genes, and that of the glucose-6-phosphatase (<em>G6Pase</em>) in the liver increased significantly, while the mRNA level of the hexokinase domain containing 1 (<em>HKDC1</em>) and pyruvate kinase (<em>PK</em>) genes in the liver decreased significantly. (3) Protein catabolism: free amino acid levels in the liver and pectoral muscle increased significantly, whereas the mRNA levels of the asparagine synthetase (<em>ASNS</em>) and glutamate dehydrogenase (<em>GLUD</em>) genes in the liver decreased significantly, while the mRNA level of the nuclear factor-kappa B (<em>NF-kB1</em> and <em>NF-kB2</em>) in the pectoral muscle increased significantly. Additionally, glucocorticoid levels significantly rose in Phase III compared with Phases I and II. Therefore, for prolonged fasting female Japanese quails, the mobilization of fat, fat decomposition, and generation of ketone bodies increased significantly, and gluconeogenesis in the liver also increased significantly, while glycolysis decreased significantly; protein decomposition, particularly in pectoral muscle, increased significantly. These results indicate that enhanced fat catabolism, protein catabolism, and gluconeogenesis, along with reduced glycolysis, could play an important role in the tolerance of female Japanese quails to prolonged fasting. These mechanisms might be significant for the birds to establish a temporary balance to maintain homeostasis under conditions of restric","PeriodicalId":55237,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 111845"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143652139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive identification and characterization of ribosomal protein genes in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas): Potential roles in reproduction and development","authors":"Keliang Zhang ,&nbsp;Hong Yu ,&nbsp;Qi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ribosomal proteins (Rps) play important roles in ribosomal assembly, protein synthesis, and various extraribosomal functions. In this study, we identified and analyzed 75 ribosomal protein genes (CgRp) from the Pacific oyster (<em>Crassostrea gigas</em>), including 32 small subunit ribosomal proteins and 43 large subunit ribosomal proteins. These genes were categorized into six subgroups and 44 subfamilies, with structural analysis revealing variability in gene exon number and untranslated regions. Transcriptomic profiling revealed tissue-specific expression patterns, with three CgRp genes (CgRL1P1, CgRPS21 and CgRPS18) enriched in gonadal tissue. Notably, 27 CgRp genes in males exhibited high expression during the resting and early development stages, followed by a downregulation trend during maturation. A total of 72 CgRps peaked in expression during the spat stage, highlighting their involvement in critical developmental processes such as tissue differentiation and organogenesis. qPCR validation confirmed the accuracy of the transcriptomic findings, particularly for genes with distinct expression profiles in male and female gonads. This study provides novel insights into the role of Rps in reproductive and developmental processes in <em>C. gigas</em>, contributing to the understanding of their functional diversity and potential applications in oyster breeding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55237,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 111844"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143652116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods: Increasing feasibility of total blood cell count analysis in field studies: Effects of plastic tubes and storage duration","authors":"Matouš Janča ,&nbsp;Zora Knotková ,&nbsp;Ondřej Kauzál ,&nbsp;Tomáš Albrecht ,&nbsp;Oldřich Tomášek","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Total red (RBC) and white (WBC) blood cell counts are highly informative haematological parameters, holding substantial potential for advancing ecological and evolutionary research and conservation efforts. Yet, their use in studies on wild bird populations is rare as blood samples need to be stored in fragile glass flasks and analysed on the day of collection, which poses significant challenges in field conditions. Here, we aimed to make total blood cell counts more accessible for field studies by assessing their reliability in blood samples collected in more durable plastic tubes and stored for varying periods of time. We used the zebra finch (<em>Taeniopygia castanotis</em>) as a model and aliquoted the collected blood samples into plastic tubes and glass flasks with Natt-Herrick's staining solution. When analysed on the day of collection, total RBC and WBC counts from the plastic tubes and glass flasks showed no difference and were highly repeatable. A subsequent repeated analysis of samples stored at 4–8 °C in plastic tubes for 18 months showed moderate repeatabilities of resultant blood cell counts that did not decrease over time. Together with the absence of linear trends in the results, consistent repeatabilities indicate that the total blood cell count information is effectively preserved in the long term. Overall, our study shows that blood samples can be collected in plastic tubes with Natt-Herrick's solution for analysis of total RBC and WBC counts. Moreover, long-term sample storage can be a viable option when immediate cell count analysis is impracticable, such as in field studies requiring sampling in remote locations. However, the moderate repeatability of cell counts in stored samples must be considered, particularly in within-population studies where relatively low biological variation is expected, which may require high analytical precision. These findings may facilitate more extensive application of total blood cell counts in wild bird research and conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55237,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 111834"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voltage-gated ion channels in cultured gill epithelia of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, change in transcript abundance with exposure to freshwater","authors":"Siaje Gideon,&nbsp;Brendan Boyd,&nbsp;Brandon Ramirez Sierra,&nbsp;Dennise Arenas,&nbsp;Perla Ochoa,&nbsp;John Eme,&nbsp;Dennis Kolosov","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salmonid fishes are well adapted to transition between salinities as part of a diadromid lifestyle, and many species are both economically and environmentally important. Ion-transporting gill epithelium helps fishes maintain ion balance during salinity transition. Recent transcriptomic surveys suggest that voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs) are present in gill epithelium of fishes. However, fish gill epithelia are architecturally complex and structurally heterogeneous (which includes layers of excitable tissues), which necessitates a model to study isolated gill epithelial cells. In the present study, we isolated gill epithelial cells, used them to reconstruct primary cultured gill epithelium model, and exposed the reconstructed epithelia to apical freshwater (FW). Using RNAseq and molecular biology we demonstrate that multiple VGICs are expressed in cultured gill epithelia of a salmonid, rainbow trout <em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>. Following apical exposure to FW, multiple subunits of voltage-gated calcium (Ca_V) channels, as well as KCNE2 were upregulated in mRNA abundance. Using a custom-made antibody, we demonstrated that Ca_V1.3 immunolocalized to the apical membrane of epithelia in intact trout gill, as well as in the cultured gill epithelium. Pharmacological inhibition of Ca_V1 in FW-exposed cultured epithelia led to increased transepithelial resistance. Therefore, we propose that VGICs are present in gill epithelia of fishes, and may rapidly and autonomously respond to environmental salinity changes to help the fish maintain salt and water balance, where Ca_V1 specifically may play a particularly important role in rapid adjustment of gill epithelia barrier properties and resistivity and potentially in responding to regulatory cell volume decrease in vitro.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55237,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 111835"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma steroid hormones concentrations and their relevance in the reproductive cycle of female Mountain Horned Lizard, Phrynosoma orbiculare","authors":"Laura Elena Hernández-Hernández ,&nbsp;Daniel Sánchez-Manjarrez ,&nbsp;Oswaldo Hernández-Gallegos ,&nbsp;Arturo Salame-Méndez ,&nbsp;Maricela Villagrán-Santa Cruz ,&nbsp;Kevin M. Gribbins ,&nbsp;Gisela Granados-González","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reproduction is a fundamental trait in the life history of a species; therefore, it is of great interest at all levels within a species, including the individual, ecological and conservational scope. Hormonal studies in reproduction have become relevant because of their implications on the regulation of reproductive physiology. Herein we examined hormonal profiles of progesterone (P4), estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) of adult female Mountain Horned Lizards, <em>Phrynosoma orbiculare</em>, from the Parque de la Ciencia Sierra Morelos, State of Mexico, Mexico. Hormonal concentrations were measured in the plasma of adult females monthly throughout a year and linked to the reproductive cycle of the species and environmental factors [mean monthly temperature (T°), total monthly rainfall, and daylight hours representing photoperiod]. We used direct ELISA technique to assess hormonal concentrations. We report that P4 is linked to pregnancy period, as maximum values of P4 are observed during the early gestational period and decrease to minimum levels during the late pregnancy phase and near the time of birth. An increase in E2 concentration occurs after pregnancy and parallels vitellogenesis in this species. Testosterone concentrations are at maximum levels during breeding and abruptly decrease to a minimum during late pregnancy. The correlation between P4 and T is positive while the relationship between P4 and E2 is negative, but no significant correlation between E2 and T is observed. Temperature and photoperiod have a negative correlation with P4 and a positive correlation with E2, while rainfall is not supported as an important environmental factor in the regulation of these hormones. Also, T does not seem to be affected by environmental factors revised in this study. A seasonal annual steroidogenic pattern is observable in female <em>P. orbiculare</em> that parallels its reproductive cycle characteristics and suggests an endogenous control of reproduction. However, it appears that certain environmental conditions, such as temperature and photoperiod, may influence the reproductive rhythmicity observed in female <em>P. orbiculare.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":55237,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 111833"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological response and lipid metabolism induced by re-feeding in Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) subjected to short-term starvation","authors":"Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Gang Jiang ,&nbsp;Wenrong Feng ,&nbsp;Yuanfeng Xu ,&nbsp;Jianlin Li ,&nbsp;Zhihua Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongkai Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of starvation and re-feeding on Jian carp (<em>Cyprinus carpio</em> var. <em>Jian</em>) remain incompletely understood. This study investigated changes in growth performance, liver antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology, fatty acid profile, and expression of genes related to lipid metabolism. Juvenile <em>C. carpio</em> var. <em>Jian</em>, with initial body weight of 29.50 ± 2.00 g, were reared in 15 cylindrical culture barrels (200<em>L</em>) at a stocking density of 10 fish per barrel. These fish were subjected to five feeding regimes: a continuous feeding group (control group, treatment A), complete fasting (treatment B), 1, 2, and 3 days starvation within one week, followed by re-feeding 6 days (treatment C), 5 days (treatment D), and 4 days (treatment E). The results indicated significantly lower growth performance in <em>C. carpio</em> var. <em>Jian</em> in treatments B and E compared to the control and treatment C (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Intestinal length (only 627 ± 13.14 μm in treatment B) was significantly reduced, and an increase in vacuoles was observed in <em>C. carpio</em> var. <em>Jian</em> with the prolonged starvation. Antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) improved in treatment C when compared with treatments B, D and E.. In contrast, malondialdehyde (MDA) value was lowest (12.62 ± 0.60 nmol/mL) in treatment B. Furthermore, continuous starvation significantly decreased the total lipid and fatty acids contents in the muscle (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Compared with the control group, the reduction of total lipid and fatty acids contents was 31.53 % and 4.57 %, respectively, particularly affecting n3PUFA and n6PUFA. However, after one-day re-feeding, these contents resumed. Lipid metabolism is closely related to fish health, while in the current study, the genes related to lipid metabolism including lipoprotein lipase (<em>LPL</em>), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (<em>G6PD</em>), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (<em>PPARα</em>) did not differ significantly in treatment C compared to the control group (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). In contrast, expressions in treatments B, D, and E were significantly reduced (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Taken together, prolonged starvation (&gt;one day per week) not only affected the growth, which may further disrupt the intestinal structure, weaken antioxidant capacity, but also attenuate lipid deposition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55237,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 111832"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of ocean warming and elevated CO2 on the feeding behavior and physiology of two sympatric mesograzers","authors":"Ana Paula Ferreira ,&nbsp;Glauco Barreto de Oliveira Machado ,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Farias Pardo ,&nbsp;Alessandra Augusto ,&nbsp;Tânia Marcia Costa ,&nbsp;Fosca Pedini Pereira Leite","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atmospheric CO₂ concentrations have increased significantly since pre-industrial times, leading to ocean warming and acidification. These environmental changes affect the physiology of marine organisms as they modify metabolic processes. Despite the critical role of temperature and pH in marine biology, studies of their combined effects are limited. This study investigated the interactive effects of ocean warming and acidification on the feeding behavior and physiology of two sympatric amphipods, <em>Hyale niger</em> and <em>Cymadusa filosa</em>. Using an orthogonal experimental design with two temperatures (27 °C and 30 °C) and two pH levels (7.8 and 7.5), we assessed feeding rates, respiration rates, ammonia excretion, and O/N ratios. Results indicated that <em>C. filosa</em> was less tolerant to these stressors than <em>H. niger</em>. While <em>H. niger</em> showed no significant changes between treatments, <em>C. filosa</em> showed reduced feeding rates and altered physiological responses to elevated temperature and decreased pH. Reducing the feeding rate of <em>C. filosa</em> may favor macroalgal biomass and strengthen bottom-up control in phytal communities. In addition, increased ammonia excretion in <em>C. filosa</em> suggests increased protein catabolism to meet energy demands at higher temperatures, despite reduced oxygen consumption. This indicates a compromised metabolism and a reduction in circulating oxygen capacity for <em>C. filosa</em>. The study shows heterogeneous responses to climate change, highlighting the need to assess combined environmental stressors in different species to accurately understand the impacts of climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55237,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 111831"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing glucose acquisition strategies between two ancient fish species: Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) and North Pacific spiny dogfish (Squalus suckleyi)","authors":"Jenna M. Drummond ,&nbsp;W. Gary Anderson ,&nbsp;Alyssa M. Weinrauch","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We assessed the functional role of the spiral valve in carbohydrate digestion and glucose acquisition during different feeding states in <em>Acipenser fulvescens</em> and <em>Squalus suckleyi</em>. For <em>S. suckleyi</em>, maltase activity was highest in the anterior and mid spiral valve, while sodium-glucose linked transporter 1 (<em>sglt1</em>) transcripts peaked in the mid spiral valve. Alongside these metrics, glucose tissue uptake demonstrated decreased maximal transport rates from 24 h to 7+ days post feeding, demonstrating a putative means for energy conservation. <em>A. fulvescens</em> showed the highest maltase activity and <em>sglt1</em> abundance in regions anterior to the spiral valve (pyloric ceca and anterior intestine). Additionally, glucose transport did not reach saturation in the spiral valve and anterior intestine of <em>A. fulvescens</em> over the measured concentrations, suggestive of a heightened capacity in these regions for glucose uptake. Overall, the spiral valve played a primary role in glucose digestion and transport in <em>S. suckleyi</em>, whereas <em>A. fulvescens</em> utilized the anterior intestine in addition to the spiral valve. Combined, these results also suggest regional functionality of carbohydrate acquisition within the spiral intestine in <em>S. suckleyi</em> but not in <em>A. fulvescens.</em> This demonstrates that the spiral valve may not always be the primary region of nutrient absorption in all species as suggested in the literature, highlighting the importance of comparing morphological and functional studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55237,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 111829"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From sensory organs to internal pathways: A comprehensive review of amino acid sensing in Drosophila","authors":"Quan Yi,&nbsp;Liangyao Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organisms require various nutrients to provide energy, support growth, and maintain metabolic balance. Amino acid is among the most basic nutrients, serving as fundamental building blocks for protein synthesis while playing vital roles in growth, development, and reproduction. Understanding the mechanisms by which organisms perceive amino acids is key to unraveling how they select appropriate food sources and adapt to environmental challenges. The fruit fly, <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>, serves as a powerful model for understanding fundamental genetic and physiological processes. This review focuses on recent advances in amino acid sensing mechanisms in <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> and their relevance to feeding behavior, nutrient homeostasis, and adaptive responses, and integrates insights into peripheral sensory systems, such as the legs and proboscis, as well as internal regulatory mechanisms within the gut, fat body, and brain. It highlights key molecular players, including ionotropic receptors, gut-derived hormones, neuropeptides, and the microbiome-gut-brain axis. Additionally, the manuscript identifies knowledge gaps and proposes directions for future research, providing a comprehensive overview of this dynamic field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55237,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 111828"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143472724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and physiological characterizations of razor clam (Sinonovacula constricta) aquaporin genes AQP4 and AQP10 in response to low-salinity tolerance","authors":"Geqi Gao ,&nbsp;Dong Yang ,&nbsp;Linyun Hu ,&nbsp;Liang Jia ,&nbsp;Donghong Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of membrane proteins responsible for the selective transport of water molecules and other neutral metabolic substances across cell membranes. These proteins play a crucial role in osmoregulation, enabling marine bivalves to accommodate salinity fluctuations. However, the regulatory mechanism of <em>AQPs</em> in the razor clam (<em>Sinonovacula constricta</em>) under salinity stress remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the roles of two classical <em>AQP</em> genes, Classical aquaporins <em>ScAQP4</em> and aquaglyceroporin <em>ScAQP10</em>, in response to hypotonic stress in <em>S. constricta</em>. <em><em>ScAQP4</em></em> and <em><em>ScAQP10</em></em> are hydrophobic proteins with six transmembrane domains and a highly conserved MIP structural motif. Upon acute hyposaline challenges, the expression of ScAQP4 and ScAQP10 in gills exhibited a significant increase in responses to low-salinity stress initially, followed by a gradual osmotic rebalance. To further investigate their biological functions, we conducted dsRNA interference to knockdown the expression levels of <em>ScAQP4</em> and <em>ScAQP10</em> in gill tissues and assessed the following physiological alternations. The knockdown of <em>ScAQP4</em> and <em>ScAQP10</em> resulted in a significant increase in heart rate and apoptosis and severe cellular damage of gills. These findings highlighted the critical roles of <em>ScAQP4</em> and <em>ScAQP10</em> in maintaining the osmotic balance of <em>S. constricta</em>. Collectively, these results propose a mechanism by which <em>S. constricta</em> regulates the expression of <em>AQPs</em> to accommodate salinity variations in the natural habitat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55237,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 111827"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}