Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics最新文献

{"title":"Epitranscriptomic variation in banded newts (Ommatotriton vittatus) across life stages and sexes in the semi-arid habitat in northern Israel","authors":"Ari Meerson ,&nbsp;Monika Almozlino ,&nbsp;Gad Degani ,&nbsp;Dani Bercovich","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The banded newt, <em>Ommatotriton vittatus</em>, is considered endangered in Israel, which is the southern border of its distribution and requires adaptation to highly unstable habitats. Banded newts have both aquatic and terrestrial forms, going through metamorphosis and various phenotypic changes during their life. Our group has previously reported on the extensive transcriptomic remodeling based on sex and especially the life stage of the newt. These dramatic changes in gene expression are likely accompanied by extensive epitranscriptomic regulation, which remains poorly understood.</div><div>In this study, direct RNA sequencing was used to characterize m⁶A RNA modifications in 12 newts from the Nehalit population. We focused on 127 genes with &gt;30 differentially modified regions (DMRs, with a differential modification score &gt; 5) in their transcripts, involved in structural, translational, and extracellular matrix processes. Among them, 18 genes showed clustering of methylation patterns according to life stage, particularly keratins and translation-related proteins, suggesting that m⁶A plays a regulatory role in structural remodeling and developmental transitions. In contrast, the majority of DMR genes were associated with housekeeping and stress-response functions and did not show life-stage-specific clustering. Cross-analysis with differential expression data further indicated that muscle, immune, and connective tissue pathways are co-regulated at both the transcriptional and epitranscriptomic levels.</div><div>These findings provide the first evidence of m⁶A methylation patterns in <em>O. vittatus</em> and highlight their role in developmental transitions. The results advance understanding of transcriptomic–epitranscriptomic regulation in amphibian plasticity, and more generally, in vertebrate development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101727"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative transcriptomics identifies key genes and pathways underlying the early skin coloration in leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus)","authors":"Lei Pang ,&nbsp;Dan Sheng ,&nbsp;Simin Wen ,&nbsp;Lei Fang ,&nbsp;Mouyan Jiang ,&nbsp;Changxu Tian ,&nbsp;Dayan Zhou ,&nbsp;Huapu Chen ,&nbsp;Guangli Li ,&nbsp;Chunhua Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The leopard coral grouper <em>(Plectropomus leopardus)</em> is a valuable marine economic fish, whose body color (especially red coloration) is a key trait determining its economic value. During early development, the body color of this fish transitions from transparent to red, providing an ideal model for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of body color formation. This study selected two critical time points, 26 dph(transparent)and 30 dph(red) post-hatching, to collect transparent skin (TC) and red skin (RC) tissues for comparative transcriptome analysis. Using the thresholds of |Fold Change| ≥ 2 and FDR &lt; 0.05, a total of 1747 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 1213 up-regulated and 534 down-regulated genes, indicating that the formation of red body color involves the coordinated action of multiple genes. Further analysis revealed differential expression of several genes related to body color formation, including carotenoid metabolism-related genes (e.g., <em>scarb1, ttc39b, bco2, fabp2, fabp3, apod, stard9</em>) and melanin synthesis-related genes (e.g., t<em>yr, tyrp1, dct, foxd3a</em>). KEGG enrichment analysis showed significant enrichment of pathways related to lipid metabolism (e.g., steroid biosynthesis, cholesterol metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism), melanin synthesis pathways (e.g., the Wnt signaling pathway and melanogenesis), and other potentially related pathways (e.g., retinol metabolism, insulin signaling pathway, purine metabolism), suggesting these pathways may collectively participate in the regulation of the body color transition. Furthermore, validation of 11 genes by qPCR confirmed the reliability of the RNA-seq data. This study highlights key molecular features during the early transition from transparent to red body color in the leopard coral grouper, providing new experimental evidence and a theoretical basis for a deeper understanding of its body color formation mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101736"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145879616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive identification, phylogenetic analysis, and sex-biased expression of the Sox gene family in Spinibarbus hollandi","authors":"Weicheng Yang ,&nbsp;Jiangwei Zhou ,&nbsp;Sixun Li ,&nbsp;Jie Lai ,&nbsp;Ming Zhang ,&nbsp;Zihang Xie ,&nbsp;Chong Han ,&nbsp;Qiang Li ,&nbsp;Jianrong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Sox gene family plays a fundamental role in vertebrate reproductive processes, including sex determination, gonadal development, and steroidogenesis. In this study, 42 Sox genes were systematically identified in the genome of <em>Spinibarbus hollandi</em> and categorized into seven subfamilies (B1, B2, C, D, E, F, and H) based on phylogenetic and conserved domain analyses.Comparative genomics and gene structure evaluations demonstrated high evolutionary conservation alongside functional diversification, likely driven by teleost-specific whole-genome duplication (TS-WGD). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) across eight adult tissues revealed distinct expression profiles: 14 genes exhibited brain-predominant expression, with eight of these being the most abundant across all tissues. Notably, significant sexual dimorphism was observed in the gonads; <em>Sox-3</em> and <em>Sox-11b</em> were characterized as female-biased (ovary-enriched), while <em>Sox-9a/9b</em> and <em>Sox-30</em> were identified as male-biased (testis-enriched). Masculinization experiments induced by 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) demonstrated that exogenous androgens suppress female-biased Sox genes and activate male-biased ones, facilitating ovarian transformation into testis-like tissue via an androgen receptor-mediated regulatory cascade. Interestingly, <em>Sox-17</em> and <em>Sox-10</em> maintained stable expression across different gonadal states, suggesting their involvement in cellular homeostasis independent of hormonal fluctuations. Collectively, these findings elucidate the functional plasticity and endocrine-regulatory roles of Sox genes in teleost gonadal differentiation, providing a molecular basis for understanding sex determination mechanisms and enhancing sex-control technologies in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101769"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146127913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular responses to high temperature in the intestine of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius","authors":"Jingli Huang ,&nbsp;Xuan Liu ,&nbsp;Yichen Fan ,&nbsp;Haoyuan Xu ,&nbsp;Ye Tian ,&nbsp;Lingshu Han ,&nbsp;Chong Zhao ,&nbsp;Jun Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sea urchin <em>Strongylocentrotus intermedius</em> is a commercially cold-water species in China, and is highly sensitive to temperature fluctuation. High temperatures from global warming pose a major threat to its survival and physiological homeostasis in summer. However, little is known about the molecular regulatory mechanisms of the heat stress response in the intestine of adult <em>S. intermedius</em>. In this study, RNA sequencing and data-independent acquisition (DIA)-based proteomics were applied to investigate intestinal transcriptomic and proteomic responses of adult <em>S. intermedius</em> following a 15 day high-temperature exposure (25 °C), compared with a control group maintained at 15 °C. Transcriptomic profiles showed that heat stress significantly suppressed the expression of COX and ATPase subunits in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, potentially reducing energy synthesis efficiency. Meanwhile, the expression of heat shock proteins and molecular chaperones was upregulated to enhance misfolded protein repair. In the proteomic profile, high temperature upregulated LC3C and STK11 in autophagy pathway, which may promote the clearance of damaged components, while caspase-3 mediated apoptosis was also enhanced. Integrative analysis identified 20 co-upregulated DEGs/DEPs, mostly enriched in protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum pathway, highlighting its key role in high temperature response. Additionally, cathepsins involved in immune-related pathways were downregulated, potentially affecting intestinal immunity. The present study enriches the current knowledge of the high temperature response in adult <em>S. intermedius</em>, and provides important insights into heat stress regulation in <em>S. intermedius</em> and other echinoderms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101765"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146133781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomic insights into fish osmoregulation: Unveiling adaptive mechanisms to salinity change","authors":"Xiaoli Chen ,&nbsp;Youdi Tang ,&nbsp;Xue Du ,&nbsp;Ivone Giffard-Mena ,&nbsp;Quanquan Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salinity fluctuation is a major environmental driver influencing fish physiology and aquaculture performance. Metabolomics offers a systems perspective on the small molecule networks underlying osmoregulation. This review synthesizes studies across fish species to identify conserved metabolic responses to salinity change, including shifts in energy metabolism, amino acid turnover, and organic osmolyte synthesis. We evaluate the strengths and limitations of current analytical platforms (NMR, LC–MS, GC–MS) in metabolite coverage and identification, and highlight emerging approaches such as spatial metabolomics, multi-omics integration, and machine learning. By linking metabolic patterns to physiological and aquacultural outcomes, this work clarifies the molecular basis of salinity adaptation and offers actionable guidance for improving salinity tolerance in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101742"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astral-based DIA proteomics explored the cold response mechanism in the liver of juvenile greenfin horse-faced filefish (Thamnaconus septentrionalis)","authors":"Xuechun Zang ,&nbsp;Yuxi Liu ,&nbsp;Zijiao Wang ,&nbsp;Yanqing Wu ,&nbsp;Bo Qin ,&nbsp;Shaowu Yin ,&nbsp;Tao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Thamnaconus septentrionalis</em>, a high-value commercial fish, exhibits significant sensitivity to low temperatures. Understanding its cold response mechanism is vital for the aquaculture industry development. This study analyzed the hepatic response of <em>T. septentrionalis</em> to 24-h exposure at four temperature (10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, and 25 °C) using histology, biochemical parameters, and proteomics. Results showed that decreased temperature exacerbated hepatic damage, increased ROS accumulation, and induced oxidative stress. The cold-induced ROS accumulation was further validated by primary <em>T. septentrionalis</em> hepatocyte. Low-temperature groups (10 °C, 15 °C) exhibited elevated oxidative stress enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px), and the MDA level and decreased hepatic triglycerides compared to the control group (25 °C). Proteomic result revealed significant enrichment in energy metabolism pathways. It is hypothesized that cold stress tended to inhibited aerobic respiration and oxidative phosphorylation but enhanced fatty acid catabolism and potentially ketone body utilization as alternative fuels. The proteomic data also suggesting that liver also maintains cellular function by modulating lipid metabolism, activating autophagy, and suppressing apoptosis. This study reveals the physiological and proteomic response of <em>T. septentrionalis</em> to temperature variation, providing insights into its cold tolerance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101710"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145717140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatic physiological and transcriptomic responses of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) to long-term salinity stress","authors":"Tao Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhu Zhu ,&nbsp;Shengjie Li ,&nbsp;Jing Tian ,&nbsp;Caixia Lei ,&nbsp;Jinxing Du ,&nbsp;Hongmei Song","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salinity profoundly impacts fish survival, distribution, and physiological functions. Grass carp (<em>Ctenopharyngodon idella</em>), a vital aquaculture species, offers a representative model to investigate salinity adaptation mechanisms, providing crucial theoretical support for aquaculture practices. While the liver is a key metabolic organ in fish salinity adaptation, its specific regulatory role in the high-salinity tolerance of grass carp remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of long-term salinity stress (0parts per thousand [ppt], 4 ppt, and 8 for one month) on grass carp liver. At 4 ppt salinity, mild hepatocyte edema and acinar cell hyperplasia were observed, while at 8 ppt salinity, irregular hepatocyte shapes, dilated hepatic sinusoids, and focal inflammatory cell infiltration were detected. Transcriptome sequencing showed that increasing salinity led to significant upregulation of genes involved in steroid synthesis, lipid metabolism, and cholesterol synthesis, while immune-related gene expression trended downward. Notably, <em>LOC127523424</em> (carbonic anhydrase 4), <em>igfbp7</em> (insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7), and taurine transporter genes (<em>slc6a6b</em>, <em>slc6a6a</em>) all increased with rising salinity, suggesting their involvement in enhancing hyperosmotic stress adaptation. In conclusion, our findings confirm a significant impact of salinity on the grass carp liver. Long-term high-salinity adaptation appears to reduce immunity, while the liver enhances high-salinity tolerance through increased steroid synthesis and metabolism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101753"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic profiling reveals the mechanisms underlying growth divergence in Apostichopus japonicus","authors":"Shuai Chang ,&nbsp;Abudula Abulizi ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Huang ,&nbsp;Jingjing Cong ,&nbsp;Zhihui Sun ,&nbsp;Yang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sea cucumber (<em>Apostichopus japonicus</em>) displays considerable variation in growth rates under the same cultivation conditions, with a subset of individuals displaying a “growth stagnation” phenotype. After one year of laboratory cultivation from the same breeding population, normally growing (NG) individuals of <em>A. japonicus</em> averaged 38.02 ± 3.36 g, whereas stunted-growing (SG) individuals averaged 2.02 ± 0.360 g. To investigate the molecular basis of this growth divergence, transcriptomic profiling was performed on the body wall tissues of NG and SG individuals. A total of 816 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including key genes related to growth, muscle function, motility, and cytoskeletal organization. NG individuals showed upregulation of growth-promoting genes such as <em>HGFR</em> and <em>RAS</em>. Whereas SG individuals exhibited significant upregulation of genes associated with muscle and cytoskeletal structure, including <em>ACTG1</em>, <em>MYHC</em>, <em>TITIN</em>, and <em>FLNB</em>, reflecting compensatory or disordered activation rather than productive growth, as further supported by histological observations of abnormal muscle tissue. Furthermore, traditional Chinese medicine compounds, including <em>Imperatae Rhizoma</em> and <em>Hedysarum multijugum Maxim</em>, were identified as potential modulators of <em>HGFR</em> and <em>RAS</em> signaling. These findings provide new insights into the regulation of growth in <em>A. japonicus</em> and may lay the foundation for developing herbal-based strategies to mitigate growth retardation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101777"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of the mapk gene family in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea): Involvement in immune response to Pseudomonas plecoglossicida infection and hypoxia exposure","authors":"Ziyu Wang ,&nbsp;Ping Han ,&nbsp;Yadong Xue ,&nbsp;Jianming Chen ,&nbsp;Xiumei Liu ,&nbsp;Xubo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a family of evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine protein kinases that can be activated by diverse stimuli. They transmit signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus, regulating various biological processes such as apoptosis, hormone signaling, and immune responses. Members of the MAPK family have been extensively studied in multiple species and have been confirmed as a central hub for regulating antibacterial immunity and hypoxia adaptation in perciform fishes, such as Asian seabass and groupers. Given that the large yellow croaker, as an important mariculture species within this order, faces serious threats from <em>Pseudomonas plecoglossicida</em> infection and hypoxic stress, deciphering the functions of its MAPK family is of significant importance. To this end, this study identified 16 <em>mapk</em> genes in the large yellow croaker. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these <em>mapk</em> genes were classified into three major subfamilies: ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK. Comparative analyses of gene structures and conserved protein motifs demonstrated high conservation among MAPK family members. Meanwhile, RNA-seq data following bacterial and hypoxic stress revealed distinct expression patterns of <em>mapk</em> genes. <em>mapk7</em>, <em>mapk10</em>, and <em>mapk14a</em> exhibited significant differential expression in response to <em>P. plecoglossicida</em> challenge, and <em>mapk7</em>, <em>mapk8b</em>, and <em>mapk14a</em> were significantly induced under hypoxia stress, implying their potential involvement in stress adaptation. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed that MAPK family members (including MAPK3, MAPK7, MAPK8b, MAPK12a, MAPK13, and MAPK14a) in <em>Larimichthys crocea</em> exhibit close interactions with key signaling proteins (such as MAP2K1, c-Fos, AP-1, and MAPKAPK2). These interactions suggested the potential formation of a complex signal transduction network involved in the immune stress response, collectively mediating the immune stress regulation in <em>Larimichthys crocea</em>. These findings enhanced the understanding of environmental adaptation mechanisms in large yellow croaker, and provided crucial candidate target genes and a theoretical basis for in-depth analysis of its molecular responses to pathogen infection and hypoxic stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101732"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145822310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomic analysis of spermathecal fluid in Amphioctopus fangsiao: molecular insights into long-term sperm storage","authors":"Jiantao Yao ,&nbsp;Xiaojie Sun ,&nbsp;Zexin Huang ,&nbsp;Yan Li ,&nbsp;Qihao Luo ,&nbsp;Weijun Wang ,&nbsp;Guohua Sun ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Xu ,&nbsp;Zan Li ,&nbsp;Bin Li ,&nbsp;Cuiju Cui ,&nbsp;Qiang Wang ,&nbsp;Jianmin Yang ,&nbsp;Yanwei Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Amphioctopus fangsiao</em> is an economically important cephalopod species in northern China. A notable reproductive adaptation of this species is the prolonged storage of sperm in the female spermatheca for up to 8 months post-mating, until oocyte maturation and release. Spermathecal fluid, as a critical component of the microenvironment directly interacting with stored sperm, is essential for maintaining sperm long-term viability and fertilizing capacity. To explore the regulatory mechanism of the <em>A. fangsiao</em> spermathecal microenvironment during sperm storage, this study employed data-independent acquisition (DIA)-based quantitative proteomic to compare changes in protein expression between spermathecal fluid with stored sperm and without stored sperm. A total number of 3195 proteins were identified in the two groups, and 200 differentially expressed proteins were screened — 94 upregulated, 106 downregulated in spermathecal fluid with stored sperm. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that these DEPs were mainly involved in metabolic processes, antioxidant activity, and immune system processes, with significant enrichment in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and TCA cycle pathways. After sperm storage, glycolysis-related enzymes (PGK1, PGM1, ADPGK, ENO1) in the spermathecal fluid were significantly upregulated, while TCA cycle-related enzymes (SUCLG, IDH3) and dephosphorylases (ACP1) were significantly downregulated. This suggests that the energy supply mode in the spermatheca may shift from TCA cycle to glycolysis-dominated anaerobic metabolism to reduce the production of reactive oxygen species. Meanwhile, the dynamic expression of antioxidant proteins (TALDO1, PHGDH, UROD) may synergistically protect sperm from oxidative stress, and the downregulation of immune factors (IL17, PNP) may inhibit local immune responses to prevent stored sperm from being attacked. This study demonstrates that spermathecal fluid may ensure sperm viability through three aspects: altering energy metabolism modes, providing antioxidant defense, and suppressing immune responses. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the sperm storage mechanism of <em>A. fangsiao</em> and provide a scientific basis for developing sperm storage technology in vitro<em>.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101763"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}