Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics最新文献

{"title":"Transcriptomic analysis of mRNA and miRNA reveals new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of Anadara granosa responses to heat stress","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Temperature fluctuations resulting from climate change and global warming pose significant threats to various species. The blood clam, <em>Anadara granosa</em>, a commercially important marine bivalve, predominantly inhabits intertidal mudflats that are especially susceptible to elevated temperatures. This vulnerability has led to noticeable declines in the survival rates of <em>A. granosa</em> larvae, accompanied by an increase in malformations. Despite these observable trends, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the regulatory mechanisms underlying <em>A. granosa</em>'s responses to heat stress. In this study, we examined the survival rates of <em>A. granosa</em> under varying high temperature conditions, selecting 34 °C as heat stress temperature. Enzyme activity assays have shed light on <em>A. granosa</em>'s adaptive response to heat stress, revealing its ability to maintain redox balance and transition from aerobic to anaerobic metabolic pathways. Subsequently, mRNA and miRNA transcriptome analyses were conducted, elucidating several key responses of <em>A. granosa</em> to heat stress. These responses include the upregulation of transcription and protein synthesis, downregulation of proteasome activity, and metabolic pattern adjustments. Furthermore, we identified miRNA-mRNA networks implicated in heat stress responses, potentially serving as valuable candidate markers for <em>A. granosa</em>'s heat stress response. Notably, we validated the involvement of agr-miR-3199 in <em>A. granosa</em>'s heat stress response through its regulation of the target gene <em>Foxj1</em>. These findings not only deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the blood clam's response to heat stress but also offer valuable insights for enhancing heat stress resilience in the blood clam aquaculture industry. Moreover, they contribute to improved cultivation strategies for molluscs in the face of global warming and have significant implications for the conservation of marine resources and the preservation of ecological balance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141997191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the lipid profile of Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes across developmental life stages","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Holometabolous insects undergo a distinct transition in their development, tightly correlated with shifting feeding patterns from larval stages and some adult phases to non-feeding phases as pupae and during other adult phases. Furthermore, the intricate life cycle of mosquitoes involves a sequence of developmental stages influenced by aquatic and terrestrial factors, demanding precise energy resource orchestration. Lipids serve multifaceted roles, encompassing energy storage, membrane structure, and participation in signal transduction and molecular recognition processes. A significant gap in the current research landscape is the need for a comprehensive study exploring the lipid repertoire throughout the developmental stages of <em>Anopheles stephensi</em> mosquitoes. We undertook an analysis of the <em>An. stephensi</em> metabolome across all life stages. We hypothesized that <em>An. stephensi</em> mosquitoes will have unique lipid metabolite markers for each life stage. A specific extraction and LC-MS based lipidomic approach was used to test this hypothesis. Our findings demonstrated that our methods were successful, with lipids comprising 62.15 % of the analyzed metabolome. Additionally, phospholipids (PL), lysophospholipids (LPL), sphingomyelin (SM), and triglycerides (TG) were abundant and dynamic across all life stages. Interestingly, comparison between the L1 and L2 lipidome revealed a dominant pattern of specific TGs in decreased abundance between these two life stages. Lastly, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), was found to be present in similar abundance across all 4 larval stages. These data indicate that there may be lipid metabolome pathways serving unique roles during mosquito development that may be used to explore laboratory management of colonies, parasite resistance, and environmental adaptation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1744117X24001254/pdfft?md5=53819375cc9c819d5d4f09fb40eec489&pid=1-s2.0-S1744117X24001254-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142045027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification of gap junction gene family and their expression profiles under low temperature stress in noble scallop Chlamys nobilis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gap junctions, formed by gap junction proteins (GJ), play crucial roles in cell signaling and immune responses. The structure and function of the GJ from vertebrates (called connexins) have been extensively studied. However, little is known about the proteins forming gap junctions in invertebrates (called innexins). In this study, 14 <em>GJ</em> genes of <em>Chlamys nobilis</em> were identified. GJ proteins are mainly distributed on the plasma membrane, and all proteins are hydrophilic Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the GJ proteins in <em>C. nobilis</em> were distantly related to those in vertebrates but closely related to those in invertebrates. Conserved motifs analysis of these GJ proteins in <em>C. nobilis</em> identified to have 10 conserved motifs, similar to gap junction proteins in other bivalves. Moreover, expression profiles of <em>CnGJ</em> genes under chronic and acute low temperature stress were also investigated. Results showed that chronic low temperature stress had a significant effect on the expression levels of <em>CnGJ</em> genes, and the expression profiles of <em>CnGJ</em> genes showed significantly variation under acute low temperature stress. All these results indicated that <em>CnGJ</em> genes play important roles in environmental adaptation in scallops. The present study initially elucidated the function of gap junction genes in noble scallop <em>C. nobilis</em>, which provides new insights into the <em>GJ</em> genes in mollusks and will help us better understand their roles in environmental stress in scallops.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141954056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omics reveals the ecological and biological functions of Enterococcus mundtii in the intestine of lepidopteran insects","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Insect guts offer unique habitats for microbial colonization, with gut bacteria potentially offering numerous benefits to their hosts. Although <em>Enterococcus</em> has emerged as one of the predominant gut commensal bacteria in insects, its establishment in various niches within the gut has not been characterized well. In this study, <em>Enterococcus mundtii</em> was inoculated into the silkworm (<em>Bombyx mori</em> L.) to investigate its biological functions. Genome-based analysis revealed that its successful colonization is related to adherence genes (<em>ebpA</em>, <em>ebpC</em>, <em>efaA</em>, <em>srtC</em>, and <em>scm</em>). This bacterium did not alter the activities of related metabolic enzymes or the intestinal barrier function. However, significant changes in the gene expressions levels of <em>Att2</em>, <em>CecA</em>, and <em>Lys</em> suggest potential adaptive mechanisms of host immunity to symbiotic <em>E. mundtii</em>. Moreover, 16S metagenomics analysis revealed a significant increase in the relative abundance of <em>E. mundtii</em> in the intestines of silkworms following inoculation. The intestinal microbiome displayed marked heterogeneity, an elevated gut microbiome health index, a reduced microbial dysbiosis index, and low potential pathogenicity in the treatment group. Additionally, <em>E. mundtii</em> enhanced the breakdown of carbohydrates in host intestines. Overall, <em>E. mundtii</em> serves as a beneficial microbe for insects, promoting intestinal homeostasis by providing competitive advantage. This characteristic helps <em>E. mundtii</em> dominate complex microbial environments and remain prevalent across Lepidoptera, likely fostering long-term symbiosis between the both parties. The present study contributes to clarifying the niche of <em>E. mundtii</em> in the intestine of lepidopteran insects and further reveals its potential roles in their insect hosts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141984560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular pathways of osmoregulation in response to salinity stress in the gills of the scalloped spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus) within survival salinity","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Scalloped spiny lobster (<em>Panulirus homarus</em>) aquaculture is the preferred strategy to resolve the conflict between supply and demand for lobster. Environmental conditions, such as salinity, are key to the success of lobster aquaculture. However, physiological responses of <em>P. homarus</em> to salinity stress have not been well studied. This study investigated the gill histology, osmoregulation and gill transcriptome of the early juvenile <em>P. homarus</em> (weight 19.04 ± 3.95 g) cultured at salinity 28 (control), 18, and 38 for 6 weeks. The results showed that the gill filaments of <em>P. homarus</em> exposed to low salinity showed severe separation of the cuticle and epithelial cells due to water absorption and swelling, as well as the dissolution and thinning of the cuticle and the rupture of the septum that separates the afferent and efferent channels. The serum osmolarity of <em>P. homarus</em> varied proportionately with external medium salinity and remained consistently above ambient osmolarity. The serum Na⁺, Cl⁻, K⁺, and Mg²⁺ concentrations <em>P. homarus</em> exhibited a pattern similar to that of serum osmolality, while the concentration of Ca²⁺ remained unaffected at salinity 18 but significantly increased at salinity 38. Gill Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity of <em>P. homarus</em> increased (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) under the both salinity stress. Salinity 18 significantly increased Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and Glutamicpyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity in the hepatopancreas of <em>P. homarus</em> (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). According to transcriptome analysis, versus control group (salinity 28), 929 and 1095 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in the gills of <em>P. homarus</em> at salinity 18 and 38, respectively, with these DEGs were mainly involved in energy metabolism, transmembrane transport and oxidative stress and substance metabolism. In addition, the expression patterns of 8 key DEGs mainly related to amino acid metabolism, transmembrane transport and oxidative stress were verified by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). The present study suggests that salinity 18 has a greater impact on <em>P. homarus</em> than salinity 38, and <em>P. homarus</em> demonstrates effective osmoregulation and handle with salinity fluctuations (18 to 38) through physiological and functional adaptations. This study provides an improved understanding of the physiological response strategies of <em>P. homarus</em> facing salinity stress, which is crucial for optimizing aquaculture practices for this species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141954055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of different feeding regimens on physiological indicators, intestinal transcriptome, and bacterial flora of mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mandarin fish (<em>Siniperca chuatsi</em>) represents a typical carnivorous freshwater economic fish in China. Recently, the study of their feeding behavior to acclimate formulated diets has become a research focus. This study evaluated the effects of various diets on the body composition, nutritional content, digestive enzyme activity, gene expression, and gut microbiota of mandarin fish. Firstly, no significant differences were found in the muscle's basic nutritional components (moisture, crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash), as well as in the fatty acid and amino acid content, between the live feed group (LFSC) and the compound feed group (CFSC). However, mandarin fish in the LFSC group exhibited significantly higher lipase activity in the liver and intestine compared to the CFSC group, while amylase activity in the intestine showed an opposite pattern. Additionally, intestinal transcriptome analysis revealed 6238 differentially expressed genes and identified several differentially expressed clock genes associated with diet type. Furthermore, gut microbiota analysis indicated that different feeding regimens influenced microbial composition, revealing correlations between bacterial genera and intestinal gene expression levels. These findings provided novel insights into the gut microbiota and transcriptomic responses of mandarin fish to different dietary types.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141979896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cadmium exposure elicited dynamic RNA m6A modification and epi-transcriptomic regulation in the Pacific whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A) methylation is the most prevalent post-transcriptional RNA modification in eukaryotic organisms, but its roles in the regulation of physiological resistance of marine crustaceans to heavy metal pollutants are poorly understood. In this study, the transcriptome-wide m⁶A RNA methylation profiles and dynamic m⁶A changes induced by acute Cd²⁺ exposure in the the pacific whiteleg shrimp <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em> were comprehensively analyzed. Cd²⁺ toxicity caused a significant reduction in global RNA m⁶A methylation level, with major m⁶A regulators including the m⁶A methyltransferase <em>METTL3</em> and the m⁶A binding protein <em>YTHDF2</em> showing declined expression. Totally, 11,467 m⁶A methylation peaks from 6415 genes and 17,291 peaks within 7855 genes were identified from the Cd²⁺ exposure group and the control group, respectively. These m⁶A peaks were predominantly enriched in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) and around the start codon region of the transcripts. 7132 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 7382 differentially m⁶A-methylated genes (DMGs) were identified. 3186 genes showed significant changes in both gene expression and m⁶A methylation levels upon cadmium exposure, and they were related to a variety of biological processes and gene pathways. Notably, an array of genes associated with antioxidation homeostasis, transmembrane transporter activity and intracellular detoxification processes were significantly enriched, demonstrating that m⁶A modification may mediate the physiological responses of shrimp to cadmium toxicity via regulating ROS balance, Cd²⁺ transport and toxicity mitigation. The study would contribute to a deeper understanding of the evolutionary and functional significance of m⁶A methylation to the physiological resilience of decapod crustaceans to heavy metal toxicants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial infection-biased abundance of proteins in the skin mucus of obscure puffer (Takifugu Obscurus)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The skin mucus of fish is equipped with immunological and antimicrobial peptides that confer protection against invading pathogens. The skin mucus has been studied in fish however information regarding its immunological roles in bacterial infection is rare. This study highlighted the proteins and peptides in the skin mucus of Obscure puffer <em>Takifugu obscurus</em> that quantitatively altered against <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> infection. We infected the fish through bath immersion, intraperitonially, and treated with PBS (control) then compared the level of proteins in the skin mucus among the groups using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) based quantification showed that 4896 proteins were Deferentially Quantified Proteins (DQPs), based on 19,751 unique peptides. Of which 170 were depleted (decreased in abundance) and 69 were abundant in comparison of Bath Treated (BT) vs Control (C) groups. Similarly, 76 DQPs were depleted and 70 were abundant in comparison of Treated (T) vs BT groups. Further, 126 DQPs were depleted, and 34 were abundant in comparison to T vs C groups. The DQPs we report were mostly immunological and were involved in unique biological functions and pathways. The interesting protein we report, where some of the proteins are for the first time in fish, shows the protein-rich structure of the mucus of fish, which may act as a biomarker to be targeted for bacterial disease therapy in fish and ultimately hint to the way of making resistance in fish against bacterial pathogens.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and expression dynamics of CYPome across different developmental stages of Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Maconellicoccus hirsutus</em> is a highly polyphagous insect pest, posing a substantial threat to various crop sp., especially in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. While extensive physiological and biological studies have been conducted on this pest, the lack of genetic information has hindered our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying its growth, development, and xenobiotic metabolism. The Cytochrome P450 gene, a member of the CYP gene superfamily ubiquitous in living organisms is associated with growth, development, and the metabolism of both endogenous and exogenous substances, contributing to the insect's adaptability in diverse environments. To elucidate the specific role of the <em>CYP450</em> gene family in <em>M. hirsutus</em> which has remained largely unexplored, a <em>de novo</em> transcriptome assembly of the pink mealybug was constructed. A total of 120 proteins were annotated as <em>CYP450</em> genes through homology search of the predicted protein sequences across different databases. Phylogenetic studies resulted in categorizing 120 <em>CYP450</em> genes into four CYP clans. A total of 22 CYP450 families and 30 subfamilies were categorized, with <em>CYP6</em> forming the dominant family. The study also revealed five genes (Halloween genes) associated with the insect hormone biosynthesis pathway. Further, the expression of ten selected <em>CYP450</em> genes was studied using qRT-PCR across crawler, nymph, and adult stages, and identified genes that were expressed at specific stages of the insects. Thus, the findings of this study reveal the expression dynamics and possible function of the <em>CYP450</em> gene family in the growth, development, and adaptive strategies of <em>M. hirsutus</em> which can be further functionally validated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141918343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal sex-related differences in the gonads of Pinctada fucata martensii","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Pinctada fucata martensii</em> is an economically important bivalve mollusk, as this species makes a major contribution to seawater pearl production. Pearl production efficiency varies between the sexes of <em>P. f. martensii</em>, but many aspects of the molecular mechanisms underlying sex determination and sex differentiation in <em>P. f. martensii</em> remain unclear. Here, transcriptomic and metabonomic analyses were conducted to identify the major genes and metabolic changes associated with sex determination and gametogenesis. We identified a total of 3426 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between females and males. These included <em>Fem-1c</em> and <em>Foxl2</em>, which are involved in sex determination and sex differentiation, and <em>SOHLH2</em>, <em>Nanos1</em> and <em>TSSK4</em>, which are involved in gametogenesis. We also identified a total of 5231 significant differential metabolites (SDMs) between females and males. These DEGs were enriched in 47 metabolic pathways, including “ABC transporters,” “purine metabolism,” and “glycerophospholipid metabolism.” Our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying sex determination, sex differentiation, and gametogenesis and will aid future studies of <em>P. f. martensii</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}