Xiaoli Kong , Alejandro Villasante-Tezanos , David W. Fardo , Solomon W. Harrar
{"title":"Generalized composite multi-sample tests for high-dimensional data","authors":"Xiaoli Kong , Alejandro Villasante-Tezanos , David W. Fardo , Solomon W. Harrar","doi":"10.1016/j.csda.2025.108279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csda.2025.108279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-dimensional data is ubiquitous in studies involving omics, human movement, and imaging. A multivariate comparison method is proposed for such types of data when either the dimension or the replication size substantially exceeds the other. A testing procedure is introduced that centers and scales a composite measure of distance statistic among the samples to appropriately account for high dimensions and/or large sample sizes. The properties of the test statistic are examined both theoretically and empirically. The proposed procedure demonstrates superior performance in simulation studies and an application to confirm the involvement of previously identified genes in the stages of invasive breast cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55225,"journal":{"name":"Computational Statistics & Data Analysis","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 108279"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-dimensional subgroup functional quantile regression with panel and dependent data","authors":"Xiao-Ge Yu, Han-Ying Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.csda.2025.108268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csda.2025.108268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-dimensional additive functional partial linear single-index quantile regression with high-dimensional parameters under subgroup panel data is investigated. Based on spline-based approach, we construct oracle estimators of the unknown parameter and functions, and discuss their consistency with rates and asymptotic normality under <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>-mixing assumptions. A penalized estimation method by using the SCAD technique is introduced to estimate the additive functions and parameter, enabling variable selection and automatic identification of the number of groups. Hypothesis testing for the parameter is also considered, and the asymptotic distributions of the restricted estimators and the test statistic are derived under both the null and local alternative hypotheses. Simulation studies and real data analysis are conducted to verify the validity of the proposed methods and applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55225,"journal":{"name":"Computational Statistics & Data Analysis","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 108268"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An algorithm for estimating threshold boundary regression models","authors":"Chih-Hao Chang , Takeshi Emura , Shih-Feng Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.csda.2025.108274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csda.2025.108274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an innovative iterative two-stage algorithm designed for estimating threshold boundary regression (TBR) models. By transforming the non-differentiable least-squares (LS) problem inherent in fitting TBR models into an optimization framework, our algorithm combines the optimization of a weighted classification error function for the threshold model with obtaining LS estimators for regression models. To improve the efficiency and flexibility of TBR model estimation, we integrate the weighted support vector machine (WSVM) as a surrogate method for solving the weighted classification problem. The TBR-WSVM algorithm offers several key advantages over recently developed methods: it eliminates pre-specification requirements for threshold parameters, accommodates flexible estimation of nonlinear threshold boundaries, and streamlines the estimation process. We conducted several simulation studies to illustrate the finite-sample performance of TBR-WSVM. Finally, we demonstrate the practical applicability of the TBR model through a real data analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55225,"journal":{"name":"Computational Statistics & Data Analysis","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 108274"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rate accelerated inference for integrals of multivariate random functions","authors":"Valentin Patilea, Sunny G․ W․ Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.csda.2025.108273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csda.2025.108273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The computation of integrals is a fundamental task in the analysis of functional data, where the data are typically considered as random elements in a space of squared integrable functions. Effective unbiased estimation and inference procedures are proposed for integrals of uni- and multivariate random functions. Applications to key problems in functional data analysis involving random design points are examined and illustrated. In the absence of noise, the proposed estimates converge faster than the sample mean and standard numerical integration algorithms. The estimator also supports effective inference by generally providing better coverage with shorter confidence and prediction intervals in both noisy and noiseless settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55225,"journal":{"name":"Computational Statistics & Data Analysis","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 108273"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bayesian optimization sequential surrogate (BOSS) algorithm: Fast Bayesian inference for a broad class of Bayesian hierarchical models","authors":"Dayi Li , Ziang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.csda.2025.108253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csda.2025.108253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Approximate Bayesian inference based on Laplace approximation and quadrature has become increasingly popular for its efficiency in fitting latent Gaussian models (LGM). However, many useful models can only be fitted as LGMs if some conditioning parameters are fixed. Such models are termed conditional LGMs, with examples including change-point detection, non-linear regression, and many others. Existing methods for fitting conditional LGMs rely on grid search or sampling-based approaches to explore the posterior density of the conditioning parameters; both require a large number of evaluations of the unnormalized posterior density of the conditioning parameters. Since each evaluation requires fitting a separate LGM, these methods become computationally prohibitive beyond simple scenarios. In this work, the Bayesian Optimization Sequential Surrogate (BOSS) algorithm is introduced, which combines Bayesian optimization with approximate Bayesian inference methods to significantly reduce the computational resources required for fitting conditional LGMs. With orders of magnitude fewer evaluations than those required by the existing methods, BOSS efficiently generates sequential design points that capture the majority of the posterior mass of the conditioning parameters and subsequently yields an accurate surrogate posterior distribution that can be easily normalized. The efficiency, accuracy, and practical utility of BOSS are demonstrated through extensive simulation studies and real-world applications in epidemiology, environmental sciences, and astrophysics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55225,"journal":{"name":"Computational Statistics & Data Analysis","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 108253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Lau , Tamara Schikowski , Holger Schwender
{"title":"Boosting interaction tree stumps for modeling interactions","authors":"Michael Lau , Tamara Schikowski , Holger Schwender","doi":"10.1016/j.csda.2025.108247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csda.2025.108247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Incorporating interaction effects is essential for accurately modeling complex underlying relationships in many applications. Often, not only strong predictive performance is desired, but also the interpretability of the resulting model. This need is evident in areas such as epidemiology, in which uncovering the interplay of biological mechanisms is critical for understanding complex diseases. Classical linear models, frequently used for constructing genetic risk scores, fail to capture interaction effects autonomously, while modern machine learning methods such as gradient boosting often produce black-box models that lack interpretability. Existing linear interaction models are largely limited to consider two-way interactions. To address these limitations, a novel statistical learning method, BITS (Boosting Interaction Tree Stumps), is introduced to construct linear models while autonomously detecting and incorporating interaction effects. BITS uses gradient boosting on interaction tree stumps, i.e., decision trees with a single split, where in BITS this split can possibly occur on an interaction term. A branch-and-bound approach is employed in BITS to discard weakly predictive terms. For high-dimensional data, a hybrid search strategy combining greedy and exhaustive approaches is proposed. Regularization techniques are integrated to prevent overfitting and the inclusion of spurious interaction effects. Simulation studies and real data applications demonstrate that BITS produces interpretable models with strong predictive performance. Moreover, in the simulation study, BITS primarily identifies truly influential terms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55225,"journal":{"name":"Computational Statistics & Data Analysis","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 108247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"GMM estimation of fixed effects partially linear additive SAR model with space-time correlated disturbances","authors":"Bogui Li , Jianbao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.csda.2025.108252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csda.2025.108252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to study the ubiquitous space-time panel data in real world, a fixed effects partially linear additive spatial autoregressive (SAR) model with space-time correlated disturbances is proposed. Compared to the linear panel model with space-time correlated disturbances, it can simultaneously capture substantial spatial dependence of response, linearity and nonlinearity between response and regressors, spatial and serial correlations of disturbances, and avoid “curse of dimensionality” of nonparametric regression. By using B-splines to fit additive components and constructing linear and quadratic moment conditions which incorporate information in disturbances, the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators of unknown parameters and additive components are obtained. Under certain regularity assumptions, it is proved that the GMM estimators are consistent and asymptotically normal. Furthermore, the asymptotically efficient best GMM estimators under normality are derived. Monte Carlo simulation and empirical analysis illustrate that the developed estimation method has good finite sample performance and application prospects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55225,"journal":{"name":"Computational Statistics & Data Analysis","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 108252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discovering causal structures in corrupted data: frugality in anchored Gaussian DAG models","authors":"Joonho Shin , Junhyoung Chung , Seyong Hwang , Gunwoong Park","doi":"10.1016/j.csda.2025.108267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csda.2025.108267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on the recovery of anchored Gaussian directed acyclic graphical (DAG) models to address the challenge of discovering causal or directed relationships among variables in datasets that are either intentionally masked or contaminated due to measurement errors. A main contribution is to relax the existing restrictive identifiability conditions for anchored Gaussian DAG models by introducing the anchored-frugality assumption. This assumption posits that the true graph is the most frugal among those satisfying the possible distributions of the latent and observed variables, thereby making the true Markov equivalent class (MEC) identifiable. The validity of the anchored-frugality assumption is justified using both graph and probability theories, respectively. Another main contribution is the development of the anchored-SP and frugal-PC algorithms. Specifically, the anchored-SP algorithm finds the most frugal graph among all possible graphs satisfying the Markov condition while the frugal-PC algorithm finds the most frugal graph among some graphs. Hence, the frugal-PC algorithm is more computationally feasible, while it requires an additional frugality-faithfulness assumption for soundness. Various simulations support the theoretical findings of this study and demonstrate the practical effectiveness of the proposed algorithm against state-of-the-art algorithms such as ACI, PC, and MMHC. Furthermore, the applications of the proposed algorithm to protein signaling data and breast cancer data illustrate its effectiveness in uncovering relationships among proteins and among cancer-related cell nuclei characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55225,"journal":{"name":"Computational Statistics & Data Analysis","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 108267"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sample-specific cooperative learning integrating heterogeneous radiomics and pathomics data","authors":"Shih-Ting Huang , Graham A. Colditz , Shu Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.csda.2025.108250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csda.2025.108250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-omics analysis offers unparalleled insights into the interlinked molecular interactions that govern the underlying biological processes. In the era of big data, driven by the emergence of high-throughput technologies, it is possible to gain a more comprehensive and detailed understanding of complex systems. Nevertheless, the challenges lie in developing methods to effectively integrate and analyze this wealth of data. This challenge is even more apparent when the type of -omics data (e.g., pathomics) lacks pixel-to-pixel or region-to-region correspondence across the population. A novel sample-specific cooperative learning framework is introduced, designed to adaptively manage diverse multi-omics data types, even when there is no direct correspondence between regions. The proposed framework is defined for both continuous and categorical outcomes, with theoretical guarantees based on finite samples. Model performance is demonstrated and compared with existing methods using real-world datasets involving proteomics and metabolomics, and radiomics and pathomics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55225,"journal":{"name":"Computational Statistics & Data Analysis","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 108250"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quan Vu , Francis K.C. Hui , Samuel Muller , A.H. Welsh
{"title":"Random effects misspecification and its consequences for prediction in generalized linear mixed models","authors":"Quan Vu , Francis K.C. Hui , Samuel Muller , A.H. Welsh","doi":"10.1016/j.csda.2025.108254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csda.2025.108254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When fitting generalized linear mixed models, choosing the random effects distribution is an important decision. As random effects are unobserved, misspecification of their distribution is a real possibility. Thus, the consequences of random effects misspecification for point prediction and prediction inference of random effects in generalized linear mixed models need to be investigated. A combination of theory, simulation, and a real application is used to explore the effect of using the common normality assumption for the random effects distribution when the correct specification is a mixture of normal distributions, focusing on the impacts on point prediction, mean squared prediction errors, and prediction intervals. Results show that the level of shrinkage for the predicted random effects can differ greatly under the two random effect distributions, and so is susceptible to misspecification. Also, the unconditional mean squared prediction errors for the random effects are almost always larger under the misspecified normal random effects distribution, while results for the mean squared prediction errors conditional on the random effects are more complicated but remain generally larger under the misspecified distribution (especially when the true random effect is close to the mean of one of the component distributions in the true mixture distribution). Results for prediction intervals indicate that the overall coverage probability is, in contrast, not greatly impacted by misspecification. It is concluded that misspecifying the random effects distribution can affect prediction of random effects, and greater caution is recommended when adopting the normality assumption in generalized linear mixed models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55225,"journal":{"name":"Computational Statistics & Data Analysis","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 108254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}