Computers and Geotechnics最新文献

{"title":"A coupled humidity diffusion and swelling stress damage model with large deformation analysis and application in studying the swelling behaviors of skarn surrounding a tunnel","authors":"Jiangyong Pu ,&nbsp;Qinglei Yu ,&nbsp;Hongyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Yong Zhao ,&nbsp;He Wang ,&nbsp;Kai Guan ,&nbsp;Yongsheng Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on numerical modeling of the hygroscopic swelling behavior of skarn rock. A coupled humidity diffusion and swelling stress damage model is proposed by integrating Fick’s second law, the humid-elastic theory and elastic damage mechanics. Geometric nonlinear algorithms are introduced into the coupled model to characterize the swelling large deformation behavior of the skarn rock and varying swelling coefficient is also taken into account. The proposed model is subsequently implemented by the finite element method and validated by comparing the simulated results with well-known analytical solutions, as well as experimental results. Taking a tunnel excavated from skarn rock as an example, the proposed model is applied to investigate the swelling behavior of the skarn rock in humid environments and discuss the effects of the dominant parameters on the swelling behavior. The proposed model can reproduce the swelling deformation and damage of the skarn surrounding the tunnel, which demonstrates good agreement with the in situ monitoring results. Moreover, the damage evolution of the skarn rock induced by humidity diffusion exhibits stepped growth due to the accumulation of swelling stress. The proposed coupled model provides a novel tool for the design and analysis of underground engineering constructions in swelling rocks under humid conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 107210"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress–dilatancy and micromechanics of sand under partially drained conditions","authors":"Jose Salomon ,&nbsp;Fernando Patino-Ramirez ,&nbsp;Catherine O’Sullivan","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mechanical behaviour of soil subject to shear loading or deformation is typically considered either completely drained or undrained. Under certain conditions, these drained and undrained scenarios can represent boundaries on the allowed volumetric strain. There is growing interest in exploring the response under intermediate conditions where partial drainage is allowed, particularly in the development of new approaches to mitigate the risk of liquefaction induced failure and the design of off-shore structures. This study uses the discrete element method (DEM) to investigate the effect of partial drainage conditions on the mechanical behaviour of spherical assemblies. Samples with different interparticle friction values are isotropically compressed and then subjected to undrained, drained, and partially drained triaxial shearing. The partially drained conditions are simulated in the DEM samples by applying a controlled volumetric strain that is a fraction of the drained volumetric strain. Results on loose samples indicate that allowing drainage enhances peak shear resistance and can also prevent liquefaction. Moreover, dense samples show a substantial increase in shear resistance when small changes in drainage and volumetric strain take place. The peak stress ratio and the stress ratio at the phase transformation point are insensitive to the drainage level. There is a linear correlation between the state parameter and the drainage level at the peak stress ratio and the phase transformation point. This observation could be used to trace partially drained stress-paths and could also aid the development of uncoupled constitutive models that account for drainage effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 107200"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A theoretical analysis method for stiffened deep cement mixing (SDCM) pile groups under vertical load in layer soils","authors":"Zhiyu Gong,&nbsp;Haoran Ouyang,&nbsp;Guoliang Dai,&nbsp;Xinsheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A theoretical analysis method is proposed to forecast the vertical bearing behavior of a long-core SDCM pile group. The load-settlement behavior of a long-core SDCM pile group is different from that of a single long-core SDCM pile due to the existence of the pile group effect. In this study, the nonlinear behaviors of the inner core–cemented soil interface and the inner core–soil interface are expressed via exponential models, whereas the nonlinear relationships of the cemented soil–soil interface and the pile base–soil interface are calculated via an elastic–plastic model. Additionally, the soil between piles is considered a medium that generates additional displacement. Based on the above conditions, the interaction between long-core SDCM pile groups was analyzed. This method was first used on a single long-core SDCM pile, and the results were compared with the analytical solutions and FEM results from previous studies; then, the field test results of long-core SDCM pile groups were compared. A reasonable prediction can be achieved via the method proposed in this article. Finally, the law of additional displacement caused by the pile group effect and the optimal solution for the cemented soil coverage size for the long-core SDCM pile group were obtained by analyzing important parameters, including the pile spacing <em>s</em>_ij, the height ratio of the cemented soil to the PHC pipe pile <em>L_c/L_p</em>, the radius ratio of the cemented soil to the PHC pipe pile <em>R_c/R_p</em>, and the slenderness ratio <em>L</em>/<em>R</em>_c.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 107211"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A soil–water retention model with differentiated adsorptive and capillary regimes","authors":"Zhang-Rong Liu ,&nbsp;Wei-Min Ye ,&nbsp;Yu-Jun Cui ,&nbsp;He-Hua Zhu ,&nbsp;Yong-Gui Chen ,&nbsp;Qiong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Knowledge of the soil–water retention curve (SWRC) is crucial for understanding the hydro-mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils. Traditional SWRC models were developed based on bundles of cylindrical capillaries (BCCs) using a residual water content, but they failed to accurately describe water adsorption in the dry end of the curve. In this paper, a new soil–water retention model over full suction range explicitly accounting for adsorptive and capillary processes was developed. A new equation for adsorptive water retention curve (AWRC) was derived from the Dubinin’s theory for the water volume filling in micropores. A new equation for capillary water retention curve (CWRC) was developed by applying Young–Laplace equation to macro-pores with assumed Weibull pore size distribution (PSD). Meanwhile, with introduction of an anti-sigmoid condensation (or cavitation) probability function, the transition between the adsorption and capillary regimes was smoothly described. Then, by superposition of the AWRC and CWRC terms, a new SWRC model was proposed with seven physical parameters representing key characteristic states or rates of adsorption and capillarity. Finally, the robustness of the proposed model was verified against 269 SWRCs of 207 soils collected from the UNSODA 2.0 database and literature, involving various textures from clay to sand. For six representative soils, the proposed model performs better than three well-known existing models (VG, FX and Lu models). The differentiated adsorptive and capillary regimes of these soils accord well with the Lu model and experimental evidence. Of the seven model parameters, the estimated adsorption capacity (<span><math><msubsup><mi>S</mi><mrow><mtext>ra</mtext></mrow><mi>max</mi></msubsup></math></span>) depends linearly on the volumetric proportion of micro-pores (<em>e</em>_m/<em>e</em>) and the capillary characteristic suction (<em>ψ</em>_c) relates to void ratio following a power law, while the remaining parameters are insensitive to variation of void ratio. Accordingly, the proposed model was successfully extended to predict SWRCs of soils with different void ratios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 107188"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study on seepage-induced instability of soil-rock mixture slopes using CFD-DEM coupling method","authors":"Yangyu Hu ,&nbsp;Ye Lu ,&nbsp;Yewei Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil-rock mixtures (S-RM) are prevalent in both nature and practice, and stability of S-RM slopes is one of the focuses for engineers. In addition to soil strength, seepage erosion is one of the main factors affecting the stability of S-RM slopes. As water infiltration complicates the multi-field coupling effects and micro-scale mechanical behaviors of S-RM, it is essential to investigate seepage-induced S-RM landslides from both macro and micro perspectives. This study proposed a CFD-DEM fluid–solid coupling method, and the method was validated with Darcy experiments and lab slope stability experiments. The method was then applied to analyze seepage-induced slope instability, focusing on the impact of rock content and rock shape. The results indicate that slope failure under seepage showed the same characteristics as debris flow, with instability features such as sliding surfaces, damage range, and particle motions varying according to rock content and shape. As rock content increased, the accumulation of slope transitions through three distinct modes. Slope was prone to failure along the soil-rock interface, and low rock content further impaired the stability. The slope deformation was primarily driven by changes in particles contact. Once slope instability occurred, the system tended to adjust particle contacts to achieve new state of equilibrium.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 107206"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiscale insights into Sliding Surface Liquefaction through DEM simulations","authors":"Manuel Cárdenas-Barrantes,&nbsp;Carlos Ovalle","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recognizing the mechanisms that trigger liquefaction is critical for developing reliable models to prevent landslides. The tendency for liquefaction to occur generally decreases with increasing soil density. However, when grain fragmentation occurs, the material becomes more contractive, making liquefaction possible even in relatively dense samples. This phenomenon was first recognized and named Sliding Surface Liquefaction (SSL) by Kyoji Sassa’s research group (<em>Soils Found</em>, a=Vol 36, 1996, pp.53-64 ), who reported comprehensive laboratory studies on the topic. Yet, the mechanisms at the grain scale remain poorly understood. To advance in the understanding of SSL and support the development of predictive models, we investigate the links between micro- and macromechanical behavior in crushable granular materials subjected to constant volume shearing. We perform two-dimensional simulations using the Contact Dynamics Discrete Element Method, focusing on the effects of particle fragmentation strength and grading evolution during undrained shearing until liquefaction. The results reveal that higher densities and particle strength delay the onset of liquefaction. At high densities, regardless of the strength of the particles, grading during crushing asymptotically approaches an ultimate distribution, which depends on the initial density and is not associated with the occurrence of liquefaction. Although the amount of grain fragmentation is lower in looser samples, liquefaction occurs in earlier stages than in denser cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 107191"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Granular column collapse: Analysing the effects of gravity levels","authors":"Yucheng Li,&nbsp;Raul Fuentes","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we investigated the effect of gravity level on the collapse of granular column using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method based on the Mohr-Coulomb model. After validating the model with existing experimental studies, a dimensional analysis of the system’s scaling factors was performed to evaluate the influence of varying gravity levels. The results show that gravity significantly influences collapse dynamics, particularly in shortening the collapse time. To predict collapse time, we propose two models that account for varying gravity acceleration (<em>g</em>), both of which scale positively with <em>n^−1/2</em> (<em>g = nG</em>, where <em>n</em> is the gravity scaling factor, <em>G</em> = 9.81 m/s²). We find that the non-dimensional collapse time, <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>t</mi><mi>∞</mi></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>τ</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> (where <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>t</mi><mi>∞</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> is the collapse time, and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>τ</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><msqrt><mrow><msub><mi>h</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>/</mo><mi>g</mi></mrow></msqrt></mrow></math></span>, with <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>h</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> representing the initial height), is influenced by the initial aspect ratio, <em>a</em> (defined as <span><math><mrow><mi>a</mi><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>h</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>, where <em>r</em>₀ is initial radius of the column). While gravity does impact collapse dynamics, its effects on the deposit run-out distance and final height remain consistently scaled at 1.0 across varying gravity levels. Additionally, we propose a modified mobility angle, <span><math><mrow><mi>θ</mi><mo>′</mo></mrow></math></span>, to investigate the effect of gravity on flow mobility, which aligns with expected gravity scaling. Furthermore, our findings are supported by observations of natural landslides in the Solar System. A multiscale analysis reveals that the spreading range of collapse is contingent on the sample volume and initial potential energy as opposed to gravity. This study has potential applications for investigating the collapse mechanisms of granular materials in planetary exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 107207"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143636438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hybrid resolved CFD-DEM study on internal erosion in gap-graded soils considering coarse particle shape","authors":"Gaoyang Hu ,&nbsp;Bo Zhou ,&nbsp;Wenbo Zheng ,&nbsp;Kuang Cheng ,&nbsp;Huabin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposed a novel hybrid resolved framework coupling computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with discrete element method (DEM) to investigate internal erosion in gap-graded soils. In this framework, a fictitious domain (FD) method for clump was developed to solve the fluid flow around realistic-shaped coarse particles, while a semi-resolved method based on a Gaussian-weighted function was adopted to describe the interactions between fine particles and fluid. Firstly, the accuracy of the proposed CFD-DEM was rigorously validated through simulations of flow past a fixed sphere and single ellipsoid particle settling, compared with experimental results. Subsequently, the samples of gap-graded soil considering realistic shape of coarse particles were established, using spherical harmonic (SH) analysis and clump method. Finally, the hybrid resolved CFD-DEM model was applied to simulate internal erosion in gap-graded soils. Detailed numerical analyses concentrated on macro–micro mechanics during internal erosion, including the critical hydraulic gradient, structure deformation, as well as particle migration, pore flow, and fabric evolution. The findings from this study provide novel insights into the multi-scale mechanisms underlying the internal erosion in gap-graded soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 107204"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143636439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A high-performance backend-agnostic Material Point Method solver in Julia","authors":"Zenan Huo ,&nbsp;Yury Alkhimenkov ,&nbsp;Michel Jaboyedoff ,&nbsp;Yury Podladchikov ,&nbsp;Ludovic Räss ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Wyser ,&nbsp;Gang Mei","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We develop a user-friendly, high-performance Material Point Method (MPM) solver, <span>MaterialPointSolver.jl</span>, using the Julia language. The dual storage and interaction between material particles and the background grid limits the use of high-resolution models, and few solutions offer both performance and ease of use. Our backend-agnostic solver leverages GPU computing, enabling high-performance implementations across various platforms with a single codebase. We propose an effective memory throughput approach to evaluate GPU efficiency. The accuracy and efficiency of the solver are validated by four numerical examples, showing a 3.5<span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> speedup on a single-threaded CPU and a 19.4<span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> speedup on a 20-threaded CPU compared to optimized vectorized MATLAB code. Among four tested GPUs, it achieves a maximum average memory bandwidth utilization of 67%, reaching up to 78% (1453 GiB/s) in 2D tests. On the GH200 platform, the GPU shows a 21.3<span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> speedup over its multi-threaded CPU. Our solver can handle approximately 19.7 million double-precision material particles on a consumer-grade GPU with 10 GB memory, while on the GH200, it can manage around 190 million material particles. This study introduces advanced software capabilities along with backend-agnostic framework expertise to the field of geotechnical engineering. By utilizing parallel algorithms specifically designed for MPM and integrating a newly developed performance evaluation approach, it ensures rapid prototyping and seamless transition to production. This implementation empowers researchers and practitioners to promote the widespread adoption of high-resolution MPM models in geotechnical engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 107189"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-driven prediction of landfill stabilization period using interpretable machine learning","authors":"Jagadeesh Kumar Janga,&nbsp;Krishna R. Reddy","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the potential of data-driven machine learning (ML) models to capture the complex interdependent processes that control waste degradation in municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills and influence the time required for stabilization. Organic degradation in landfills can span several decades and is controlled by interdependent thermal, hydraulic, biochemical, and mechanical processes. While existing numerical modeling approaches can accurately simulate these processes, they are computationally intensive, limiting their feasibility for broader engineering optimization efforts. Moreover, data from laboratory or field studies, although valuable, are often site-specific and limited in scope, making them unsuitable for developing generalizable predictive models. To address these challenges, this study evaluates the feasibility of ML-based surrogate models trained on data generated from a coupled thermo-hydro-bio-mechanical (CTHBM) model developed at the University of Illinois Chicago. We evaluated several ML models − including support vector regression (SVR), tree-based ensemble models, and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) − for their accuracy and generalizability in predicting landfill stabilization periods. The tree-based ensemble models exhibited overfitting, with low accuracy on the testing data, indicating reduced generalizability. In contrast, SVR and MLP demonstrated high accuracy (R² ≈ 0.95), with root mean squared errors below one year on both training and testing datasets. Model interpretability tools, such as SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) values and partial dependence plots, further illustrated the best-performing − SVR model’s efficacy in capturing the influence of key variables on the predicted landfill stabilization period. These results underscore the promise of ML-based approaches’ potential to enhance predictive tools for landfill evaluation and optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 107202"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}