Computers and Geotechnics最新文献

{"title":"Numerical modelling of geological processes as means for the diagnosis of ancient landslide mechanisms","authors":"Vito Tagarelli ,&nbsp;Francesca Santaloia ,&nbsp;Gaetano Elia ,&nbsp;Federica Cotecchia","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The occurrence of deep paleo-landslides in marine clays is a well-documented phenomenon in multiple slopes within the south-eastern Italian Apennines and their associated foredeep basin. To accurately diagnose the mechanisms occurring in such landslides, a comprehensive numerical simulation of the processes leading to the initial slope failures is essential. This approach is only feasible when the geological history of the soil deposit has been meticulously evaluated.</div><div>This paper presents a methodological procedure adopted to assist in diagnosing the current activity of a slow-moving, deep-seated ancient landslide using hydro-mechanical modelling. To investigate the processes leading to the initial slope failures, elasto-plastic finite element simulations have been conducted. These simulations aim to replicate the geological processes that the slope has experienced, which are identified as the key contributors to the landslide’s inception. The application of this numerical modelling procedure has proven to be a valuable diagnostic tool, enhancing the understanding of the ancient landslide mechanism and providing insights into its current features, such as the position of the toe, landslide depth, and style of movement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 107238"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of fabric anisotropy on mechanical behavior and undrained cyclic resistance of granular materials","authors":"Xiao-Tian Yang,&nbsp;Yan-Guo Zhou,&nbsp;Qiang Ma,&nbsp;Yun-Min Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The stress state and density of soil have been considered as the key factors to determine the liquefaction resistance. However, the results of seismic liquefaction case histories, laboratory tests and centrifuge model tests show that the fabric characteristics also influence liquefaction resistance, even more significantly than the contributions of stress state and density. In this study, anisotropic specimens with different consolidation histories were prepared using the 3D Discrete Element Method (DEM) to investigate the influence of fabric characteristics on the mechanical behavior of granular materials and the underlying mechanisms. The simulations revealed that under monotonic shear conditions, horizontally anisotropic specimens exhibited strain hardening and dilatancy characteristics, as well as higher peak strength. Under cyclic shear condition, the normalized liquefaction resistance of the specimens showed a strong linear relationship with the degree of anisotropy, independent of confining pressures and density. Microscopic results indicate that the fabric arrangement aligned with the loading direction leads to the evolution of the mechanical coordination number and average contact force in a manner favorable to resisting loads, which is the underlying mechanism influencing macroscopic mechanical properties. Additionally, the evolution patterns of contact normal magnitude and angle in anisotropic granular materials under cyclic loading conditions were also analyzed. The results of this study provided a new perspective on the macroscopic mechanical properties and the evolution of the microstructure of granular soils under anisotropic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 107292"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SPH modeling of impact forces from heterogeneous soil-rock mixture landslides on a rigid obstruction","authors":"Tang-Jin Yuan ,&nbsp;Liu-Chao Qiu ,&nbsp;Kai-Li Zhao ,&nbsp;Yi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil-rock mixture landslides frequently occur in steep mountainous regions, indicating enormous destructive potential. Consequently, these landslides have attracted much attention from researchers in recent years. This paper presents a simple and effective meshless numerical method based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) to simulate the movement and impact forces of heterogeneous soil-rock mixture landslides. In this method, soil and rock are discretized as SPH particles with different material properties and are modeled as elastoplastic and elastic materials, respectively. The ideal elastoplastic model with a nonassociated flow rule, combined with the Drucker-Prager (DP) yield criterion, is employed to describe the constitutive response. First, the paper validates the soil pressure exerted on the bottom wall of a stationary container. Second, the impact experiment of a single rock sample is verified, and the effects of the rock density, shape, and drop height are further analyzed. Last, the proposed method is employed to simulate and validate the movement and impact force of homogeneous soil landslides, followed by heterogeneous landslides. The results indicate that the proposed method is feasible for simulating the movement and impact forces of heterogeneous soil-rock mixture landslides. Additionally, this method is simple to implement, highly flexible, and capable of accommodating arbitrarily-shaped rocks. The presence of rocks alters the characteristics of the impact force and partly increases the peak impact force, particularly in steep slope scenarios. These findings enhance our understanding of the complex phenomena associated with heterogeneous landslides, including debris flows that involve multiple phases and scales, and offer significant guidance for disaster prevention and mitigation in geological engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 107302"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An assessment of retrogressive behavior in soil-rock mixture slopes from MPM modelling to failure","authors":"Nan Qiao ,&nbsp;Zhiying Dai ,&nbsp;Lianheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Qiujing Pan ,&nbsp;Xiao Cheng ,&nbsp;Xinyu Ye ,&nbsp;Sanfeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil-rock mixture (SRM) slopes frequently undergo highly destructive retrogressive collapses. However, the retrogressive mechanisms remain poorly understood due to inherent structural heterogeneity and large-deformation behavior. This study systematically investigates the retrogressive behavior of SRM slopes using the material point method (MPM). Firstly, the rock block contours are acquired by close-range photogrammetry, and the rock block morphologies are quantified with the computational geometry algorithm, so a digital rock block database is established. Secondly, MPM models of SRM slopes are modelled using the digital image processing techniques. Finally, parametric studies are conducted to evaluate the effects of rock block content (RC), gradation, and soil strain-softening property on the retrogressive behavior of SRM slopes. In addition, the influences of grid size and particle density are also assessed through an experimental–numerical comparative analysis. A coupling effect between RC and gradation in governing retrogressive modes is revealed by the results, and the influences on the run-out distance are exhibited by the softening modulus and residual strength. Moreover, reference values for both the model height-to-grid size ratio and particle density are established in accordance with experimental validation. The findings can provide a theoretical foundation for the safety assessment and reinforcement design of SRM slopes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 107284"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SPH modeling of soil structure interactions using a novel non-local contact method","authors":"Hongwei Ying ,&nbsp;Jianzhou Xu ,&nbsp;Chengwei Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is popular for modeling the interactions between soils and structures, in which the contact mechanism is crucial. The traditional contact methods apply the interplay forces between the outermost layers of different bodies represented by Lagrangian particles within SPH, referred to as local strategy in this study. However, such a strategy has been shown to induce particle disorders along the interface and potential computational errors, resulting from the momentum imbalance of the remaining particles located in the influence domain of the interface due to the well-known particle deficiency. With this regard, a non-local contact method (NLCM) is proposed to regulate the shortcomings of the traditional contact methods by assigning all SPH particles influenced by the boundary with reasonable interaction forces based on theoretical derivation. Besides, the hypoplastic model incorporating the critical state is employed to describe the granular soil’s behavior. To validate the novel method, four benchmark problems are simulated. Good consistency is found between the results from numerical simulations and theoretical solutions or experimental observations, including static sand column, sand column collapse, plane strain compression test, and buried pipe uplift. Finally, the proposed SPH model is applied to investigate the earth pressure distribution and failure mechanism of retaining walls. The significant effects of two factors, soil compactness and soil-wall friction angle, on the distribution of slip surfaces and earth pressures during active and passive failure are revealed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 107272"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel particle-cell hybrid (PCH) method for geotechnical large deformation analysis","authors":"Yujia Zhang ,&nbsp;Xue Zhang ,&nbsp;Liang Wang ,&nbsp;Jingjing Meng ,&nbsp;Bin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) and its variants, such as the Smoothed PFEM (SPFEM), have gained popularity for analysing geotechnical problems. However, the challenge of mass conservation often compromises the accuracy of numerical results across various applications. In this study, we introduce a novel strategy to address this issue by integrating the concept of material points into SPFEM, thereby establishing a Particle-Cell Hybrid (PCH) method. This approach retains the advantages of SPFEM while ensuring mass conservation. The core idea involves incorporating mass information for each particle during computations. Despite its simplicity, this treatment has proven to be robust and effective through a series of benchmarking tests. Additionally, numerical experiments demonstrate that the PCH method considerably reduces sensitivity to unphysical factors in the boundary identification technique employed within the PFEM framework. The proposed framework represents a significant advancement in the development of PFEM, and can be easily incorporated into other PFEM codes and software to improve their numerical accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 107281"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Permeation diffusion mechanism of pulse grouting with Bingham fluid considering tortuosity and spatiotemporal variations in viscosity","authors":"Peizhi Cao ,&nbsp;Guijin Zhang ,&nbsp;Jie Liu ,&nbsp;Jinwu Ouyang ,&nbsp;Qiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xubin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the antiseepage and reinforcement mechanisms for pulse grouting remains inadequate at present compared with its engineering applications. To improve the theoretical framework of pulse grouting, a permeation diffusion model based on a Bingham fluid is developed, which incorporates the tortuosity of the slurry diffusion path and spatiotemporal variations in viscosity. The validity of the model is verified through a comparison of the theoretical predictions with the experimental results. The impacts of spatiotemporal viscosity variations and tortuosity on the slurry diffusion mechanism are evaluated via theoretical analysis. The permeation diffusion characteristics of pulse grouting and conventional methods are comparatively simulated and analysed via the COMSOL Multiphysics platform for secondary development. The results show that (i) the maximum relative discrepancy between the theoretical predictions and experimental measurements is less than 30 %, which can be further reduced to under 10 % with increasing grouting pressure, indicating that the theoretical model can offer valuable guidance for the design and implementation of pulse grouting projects. (ii) The spatiotemporal variations in slurry viscosity and the tortuosity of the diffusion path significantly affect permeation diffusion, which intensifies as the grouting pressure and duration increase. The theoretical diffusion distances without considering these two factors are 1.36 ∼ 1.74 times and 1.1 ∼ 1.32 times greater than the experimental results, respectively. (iii) The diffusion morphology of pulse grouting demonstrates a reduced range and a more uniform front under identical conditions, indicating that pulse grouting has significant advantages in the ability to control slurry diffusion compared with conventional methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 107295"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the crystalline swelling process of montmorillonite incorporating boundary effects","authors":"Wen-jie Dai ,&nbsp;Yong-gui Chen ,&nbsp;Yu-cheng Li ,&nbsp;Wei-min Ye ,&nbsp;Qiong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crystalline swelling behavior of montmorillonite (Mt) profoundly impacts the phenomenological properties of expansive clays. Accurately modeling the evolution of basal spacing is essential for assessing the performance of expansive clay materials in geotechnical applications, particularly in high-level radioactive waste (HLRW) repositories. This study aims to address the primary limitation of existing crystalline swelling models, which fail to account for boundary effects dependent on clay structure. A mass transfer boundary is integrated into the Laird model, and its validity is substantiated through basal spacing measurements of tactoids and bentonites. The mass transfer boundary is described using the soil water retention curve (SWRC) for bound water. Furthermore, net hydration energies are determined using an empirical function, eliminating the need for experimental calibration of effective diabattivity. The modified model is validated against experimental data for three common bentonites: GMZ, MX-80, and Kunipia. It demonstrates enhanced predictive accuracy compared to the previous model and effectively captures the continuous swelling process. Additionally, this approach provides a numerical tool for calculating the evolution of potential energy and dielectric constant within interlayer spaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 107289"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143858907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rheological constitutive model and numerical method for rock mass anchored by NPR cable","authors":"Cheng Jiang ,&nbsp;Yubing Gao ,&nbsp;Manchao He","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To gain a deeper understanding of the anchoring mechanism in deep roadway engineering under long-term stable loading, this study establishes a three-dimensional rheological constitutive model for NPR cable anchored rock mass (NCAR). Based on the traditional Nishihara model, a nonlinear viscous element with a strain threshold triggering mechanism is introduced to characterize the entire process of rock mass degradation, steady-state, and accelerated creep. Meanwhile, an elastic–plastic series element is used to construct the mechanical constitutive relationship of the NPR cable. According to the mechanical response characteristics of the NPR cable and rock, the NCAR model is divided into six conditions: Case 1 (rock viscoelasticity, NPR cable elastic state); Case 2 (rock viscoelasticity, NPR cable constant resistance state); Case 3 (rock viscoplasticity, NPR cable elastic state); Case 4 (rock viscoplasticity, NPR cable constant resistance state); Case 5 (rock accelerated creep, NPR cable elastic state); Case 6 (rock accelerated creep, NPR cable constant resistance state). After obtaining the three-dimensional rheological constitutive equations for each working condition through theoretical derivation, a UMAT subroutine is developed on the ABAQUS platform for numerical solution, and the reliability of the model is validated by comparing theoretical and numerical solutions. Furthermore, a parameter sensitivity analysis is conducted to study the effects of engineering geological parameters (<em>P</em>₀, <em>k</em>, <em>c</em>), rock creep parameters (<em>G</em>₀, <em>G</em>₁<strong>,</strong> <span><math><msubsup><mi>η</mi><mn>1</mn><mo>′</mo></msubsup></math></span><strong>,</strong> <span><math><msubsup><mi>η</mi><mn>2</mn><mo>′</mo></msubsup></math></span><strong>,</strong> <span><math><msubsup><mi>η</mi><mn>3</mn><mo>′</mo></msubsup></math></span><strong>,</strong>) and NPR cable anchoring parameters (<em>G</em>_b, <em>n</em>_b) on the creep evolution of roadway walls. Finally, the model is applied to the deep roadway engineering at the Shandong Wanfu Coal Mine, and the engineering applicability of the model is validated by comparing field monitoring data with numerical simulation results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 107245"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of soil cracks in electroosmosis","authors":"Qianli Zheng,&nbsp;An Deng,&nbsp;Mark Jaksa","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electroosmosis is a dewatering technique for fine-grained soils that, by means of an electric current passing through a series of electrodes, moves a volume of pore water from the anodes toward the cathodes. The dewatering process can effectively reduce the soil water content but often results in the formation of surface cracks. The cracks collectively reduce the passage of the electric current, thereby diminishing the dewatering efficiency. To optimize dewatering, crack formation must be studied. A numerical model to predict soil cracks formed during the electroosmosis dewatering process is developed in this paper. This model considers the unsaturated conditions during dewatering and combines the constitutive surface of unsaturated soils with the Mohr–Coulomb failure envelope to determine cracking. This model also accounts for the nonlinear variations in soil properties, the degree of saturation, and cracking. This model is validated against laboratory test results and is applied to various example problems. The research outcomes result in the assessment of crack evolution and the identification of factors that affect crack development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 107283"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}