Computers and Geotechnics最新文献

{"title":"Opposing effects of the vertical seismic coefficient on cohesive and frictional contributions to seismic slope stability","authors":"Wengui Huang ,&nbsp;Jian Ji ,&nbsp;Serhan Kirlangic ,&nbsp;Christoforos Dimopoulos","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The influence of the vertical seismic coefficient (<em>k_v</em>) on pseudo-static (PS) and permanent displacement analyses remains underexplored. This study introduces a novel perspective by decomposing the factor of safety (<em>F</em>) into cohesive (<em>F_c</em>) and frictional (<em>F_ϕ</em>) components, revealing that <em>k_v</em> exerts opposing effects on these two components. The extent and critical direction (upward or downward) of <em>k_v</em>’s impact depend on the relative contributions of <em>F_c</em> and <em>F_ϕ</em> to slope stability. This perspective is first demonstrated analytically using a planar failure mechanism and further validated through a physics informed regression model (PIRM), which achieves accuracy comparable to log-spiral upper bound limit analysis (UBLA) and finite element limit analyses (FELA) for homogeneous slopes. The opposing effects are also confirmed for inhomogeneous slopes via finite element analyses (FEA). Additionally, the PIRM is reformulated to predict the horizontal yield coefficient (<em>k_hy</em>), a key input parameter in permanent displacement analysis. Parametric studies indicate that neglecting <em>k_v</em> can overestimate <em>F</em> by up to 35 % and <em>k_hy</em> by up to 53 %, leading to unsafe designs. These findings highlight the necessity of incorporating <em>k_v</em> into seismic slope stability assessments. The proposed PIRMs offer an efficient and reliable tool for preliminary and regional-scale evaluations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107574"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into pile vibro-driving in sand through numerical modelling","authors":"Pourya Kazemi Esfeh ,&nbsp;Britta Bienen ,&nbsp;Mark Fraser Bransby ,&nbsp;Patrick Staubach","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monopiles installed by impact-hammering into the seabed have been the most commonly used foundation type for offshore wind turbines to date. However, acoustic emissions due to impact-hammering have recently motivated the uptake of alternative, quieter installation methods. Vibro-installation is one such approach that has been increasingly used in recent years, offering potentially quicker installation as well as reducing the risk of pile run. However, the soil mechanisms governing vibratory installation and its effects on the post-installation response are not yet fully understood. Improving this understanding could guide industry recommendations on vibro-driven pile installation. Therefore, the present study focuses on evaluating soil mechanisms underpinning resistance against vibro-driving in sand by performing large deformation numerical analyses of displacement-controlled vibro-driving of large-diameter cylindrical open-ended piles (monopiles). The results indicate that dynamic components of total soil resistance acting out of phase with static ones together with reductions in arching stresses inside the pile, can significantly decrease the penetration resistance compared to the monotonic jacking resistance. Furthermore, the total soil resistance against vibro-driving reduces if the upward displacement is large enough for full reversal of the shaft resistance but its downward movement is not sufficiently large for the full remobilization of tip resistance. In addition, shear-induced positive excess pore pressures around the pile tip during vibro-driving can facilitate easier pile penetration through reduction in effective stresses around the pile tip and more significant phase shifts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107628"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesoscopic mechanism for enhancing the liquefaction resistance of fiber-reinforced sand","authors":"Yuan Ding,&nbsp;Bin Ye,&nbsp;Jiazhi Zhu,&nbsp;Chuangji Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The addition of fibers to sand has been demonstrated to effectively increase soil liquefaction resistance. In this study, discrete element method (DEM) simulations of undrained cyclic triaxial tests on clean sand and fiber-reinforced sands were conducted to investigate the mechanism by which the liquefaction resistance of fiber-reinforced sand is increased. First, the different mechanical behaviors of clean sand and fiber-reinforced sands with different fiber contents were compared at the macroscopic level. The evolution of the mechanical coordination number, internal tension of the fibers, contact force of between the soil and fibers, and fabric of the fiber-reinforced sand were subsequently studied to clarify the mesomechanical mechanisms involved in enhancing the liquefaction resistance of the fiber-reinforced sand. Finally, a quantitative evaluation of the network constructed by strong soil-fiber contact was conducted. The simulation results demonstrate that fiber inclusion can substantially augment the liquefaction resistance of sand, with the effect being more pronounced at higher fiber contents within a specific range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107634"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simple methods for imperfection sensitivity analysis of caisson skirts under suction installation","authors":"Ruizhe Xu ,&nbsp;Yurong Zhang ,&nbsp;Dengfeng Fu ,&nbsp;Yue Yan ,&nbsp;Wentao Cui ,&nbsp;Shuntao Fan ,&nbsp;Dong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Buckling is a critical issue in suction caissons that deserves attention. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis provides a powerful method for characterizing the uncertainty of imperfections, but the previous researches mainly focus on the shell buckling responses, which is difficult to be used directly for the caisson foundation design due to the difference in loading and boundary conditions. Thus, by employing ABAQUS software for finite element analysis, this study proposes a Fourier series-based probabilistic method and investigates buckling behavior under the combined effects of different Fourier coefficients, series types, imperfection magnitudes, and installation depths. The results reveal that the load design values of the three reliability levels decrease with <em>l</em> increasing from 3 to 8. As α/<em>t</em> increases from 1 to 4, the fluctuation of the buckling pressure enhances with a decrease in the overall stiffness of the sample. The half-wave sine Fourier series method captures the imperfection characteristics of caisson foundations with strong constraints at both ends. Imperfection distributions of caisson foundations with strongly constrained tops and open bottoms are represented by the improved half-wave sine Fourier series method through the longitudinal increment of imperfection magnitude. Furthermore, considering the effect of stretching imperfections into the mudline from caisson installation, the numerical analyses using the improved eigenmode method are also conducted. Notably, it shows a more conservative estimate of the buckling load with higher installation depths compared with the probabilistic method, highlighting the importance of such considerations in the caisson buckling design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107614"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupled CFD-DEM modeling of fine particles and fibers migration and clogging mechanisms in bridging regions","authors":"Ran Lin ,&nbsp;Yinjian Huang ,&nbsp;Jinzhou Zhao ,&nbsp;Lan Ren ,&nbsp;Zhihao Yu ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Li ,&nbsp;Jianfa Wu ,&nbsp;Yi Song ,&nbsp;Cheng Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Temporary plugging and diverting fracturing enhances unconventional reservoir stimulation by forming a tight sealing layer through the bridging and filling of diverters in fractures. The tightness and pressure bearing capacity of the sealing layer are governed by the clogging efficiency of fine particles and fibers in the bridging region. However, the clogging mechanism within the pores of coarse particles after bridging remains poorly understood. This study employs a hybrid CFD-DEM method to investigate the migration and clogging behavior of diverters in a bridging skeleton. The results indicate that fine particles initially migrate rapidly through dominant flow paths, while fiber movement is restricted by their high aspect ratio and mainly localized at the skeleton entrance. In single-size particle systems, larger fine particles form size-dominated clogs at pore throats, with clogging ratios increasing with both particle size and concentration. Mixed particle systems exhibit a more uniform clogging distribution and reduced sensitivity to concentration, owing to the cooperative filling of pore spaces. Fibers exhibit high clogging ratios under all conditions due to their tendency to attach and entangle on bridging particle surfaces. In single-size systems, particles whose sizes match pore throats and higher concentrations yield denser, less permeable sealing layers. Mixed particle systems result in even lower normalized permeability via synergistic filling. Fiber-induced clogging leads to the lowest permeability, forming continuous covers at pore entrances. For clogging stability, fine particles exhibit a “high contact number-high clogging ratio” pattern, while fibers display a “moderate contact number-high clogging ratio” pattern with fewer contacts required for retention. At low concentration, fine particles exhibit pronounced anisotropy in normal contact forces distribution, while mixed particle systems and fibers both reduce this anisotropy and promote a more uniform force network. This study clarifies multiscale sealing mechanisms and provides a theoretical basis for optimizing temporary plugging and diverting fracturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107647"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimode tunnel deformation analysis under oblique normal faulting considering gap formation and horizontal intersection","authors":"Yingbin Liu ,&nbsp;Shaoming Liao ,&nbsp;Junzuo He ,&nbsp;Jiacheng Sun ,&nbsp;Zewen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tunnels affected by normal faulting at an oblique angle are susceptible to multiple-mode deformation, which include not only the commonly discussed bending, shearing, and flattening modes but also torsional and warping deformation. Existing analytical ground–tunnel interaction models typically fail to consider torsion, flattening and warping and disregard the formation of gaps between the tunnel and the ground. To mitigate this gap, this paper proposes a new quasi-three-dimensional (3D) ground–tunnel interaction model grounded in generalized beam theory, which considers gap formation and an arbitrary 3D intersection angle with normal faults. In the proposed model, the tunnel was idealized as a pipeline resting on a Winkler foundation, with five deformation modes considered: shearing, bending, flattening, torsion, and warping. To capture the effects of varying ground behaviour, three-dimensional heterogeneous ground models were developed to represent active and passive ground resistance, discontinuous contact at the ground–tunnel interface, and spatially variable stiffness within shear zones. The corresponding finite element formulation is established through the application of the minimum potential energy principle. Through three case studies, the validity of the proposed approach was demonstrated, highlighting its advantages over traditional analytical methods. Finally, parametric studies were performed to investigate the influence of the intersection angle and shear zone on tunnel deformation behaviour. The proposed methods contribute to a better understanding of ground–tunnel interactions and complicated cross-sectional deformation under normal faults, which is beneficial for the design and protection of existing tunnels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107617"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-failure numerical analysis of rainfall-triggered landslides at the basin-scale","authors":"David Sebastian Calpa ,&nbsp;Fabricio Fernández ,&nbsp;Euripedes A. Vargas Jr. ,&nbsp;Guilherme J.C. Gomes ,&nbsp;Raquel Q. Velloso ,&nbsp;Marcelo Miqueletto ,&nbsp;Marcos Massao Futai","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change and rapidly growing urbanization demand advanced, physically based approaches for mapping landslide-prone regions. Yet, most existing models rely on simplified assumptions regarding subsurface water flow and slope stability analysis. This paper introduces a novel fully numerical framework (MFNA-3D) that advances basin-scale simulation of rainfall-induced slope failures through an innovative multi-failure algorithm based on Numerical Limit Analysis (NLA). The proposed method employs a one-way coupling strategy that links a three-dimensional solution of Richards equation for transient, variably saturated subsurface flow with a newly developed NLA-based stability model tailored for large-scale slope stability assessment. The NLA-based algorithm enables the efficient delineation of multiple and simultaneous failure zones with irregular geometries and the quantification of failure volumes, without requiring a priori assumptions about their shape or location. MFNA-3D improves the physical realism of basin-scale landslide simulations by capturing the effects of antecedent and extreme rainfall on pore-water pressure and stability evolution. The methodology was applied to a landslide-prone tropical basin in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, incorporating mesh refinement and parametric sensitivity analyses. Quantitative validation was conducted by comparing the Fs maps obtained from the proposed approach with those generated using the infinite slope method, against mapped landslide scars. Results confirm the model’s capability to reproduce complex landslide behavior at the basin scale. This study positions MFNA-3D as a scalable and physically grounded numerical tool for advanced landslide hazard mapping.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107622"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation and ML-based formulation for conventional and modified suction caissons subjected to unidirectional and combined loadings","authors":"Kewen Zhu ,&nbsp;Hang Feng ,&nbsp;Jian Yu ,&nbsp;Sen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The modified suction caisson (MSC), incorporating an external short-skirted structure in addition to its inner caisson, represents an innovative variant of the conventional suction caisson (CSC) in offshore engineering. However, currently available studies lack a comprehensive comparative analysis of CSCs and MSCs and a unified prediction formulation for these foundations, which are essential for practical engineering design. To address this gap, this study systematically compares bearing capacities of CSCs and MSCs under unidirectional and combined loadings using finite element limit analysis (FELA), and proposes a unified failure envelope formulation via the evolutionary polynomial regression (EPR) machine learning technique. In particular, key influencing factors including caisson geometries, soil strength profiles, and interface adhesion are also systematically analyzed. FELA results reveal design recommendations: (i) the failure envelope of MSC and CSC is primarily influenced by the embedment ratio of the inner caisson, with minimal effects from interface adhesion or soil strength heterogeneity; (ii) a 20% increase in external skirt width results in improvements of at least 20% and 23% in vertical and lateral bearing capacities, respectively; and (iii) the lateral capacity becomes independent of the external skirt length once it exceeds 20% of the inner caisson length. Using the FELA dataset, the EPR technique can provide unified and effective bearing capacity formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107637"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of fault permeability anisotropy on the nucleation and rupture of injection-induced earthquakes","authors":"David Santillán ,&nbsp;Ruben Juanes ,&nbsp;Sandro Andrés ,&nbsp;Luis Cueto-Felgueroso","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of fault permeability anisotropy on the nucleation and rupture of injection-induced earthquakes. Using numerical models, we analyze the effects of varying fault permeability in both, transverse and longitudinal directions. Our research focuses on understanding how these hydraulic properties influence the onset of slip, the nucleation length, and the propagation of the rupture.</div><div>We simulate more than 400 cases with different combinations of friction parameters and hydraulic properties, verifying that the reference scaling <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>∞</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mfrac><mfrac><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup><msub><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><mrow><mover><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>σ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></mfrac></mrow></math></span> provides satisfactory results for scaling nucleation length. Our findings indicate that increased fault permeability delays the onset of slip and affects nucleation patterns, with high longitudinal permeability promoting larger nucleation lengths and high transverse permeability resulting in longer nucleation times.</div><div>During rupture propagation, poroelastic effects cause undrained responses in pore pressure, significantly affecting the fault strength. Permeable faults exhibit more symmetrical rupture patterns and higher seismic moments than impermeable faults. The study highlights the crucial role of hydraulic properties in the development of nucleation and rupture of induced earthquakes, emphasizing the importance of these properties for designing safer injection protocols.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107613"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pore scale polymer migration in BPC-GCLs influenced by PSD, bentonite swelling, and polymer location","authors":"Juan Hou ,&nbsp;Chenxi Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study investigates the hydraulic behavior of bentonite-polymer composite geosynthetic clay liners (BPC-GCLs), focusing on the effects of particle size distribution (PSD), polymer location near the inlet and outlet, swelling-induced pore structure evolution, mobile porosity, and polymer migration using COMSOL Multiphysics. The results indicate that the spatial distribution and migration behavior of the polymer have a significant influence on fluid transition patterns. When located near the inlet, the polymer undergoes a three-stage migration process involving progressive deformation, entrapment, and eventual immobilization in narrow pores, resulting in a significant and irreversible reduction in porosity from 0.099 to 0.007 and a decrease by four orders of magnitude in hydraulic conductivity. In contrast, polymers near the outlet initially undergo clogging, followed by hydraulically driven elution, resulting in a more gradual and more minor reduction in porosity, from 0.101 to 0.071, and a one-order-of-magnitude decrease in hydraulic conductivity. The pressure distribution within the domain reflects the evolving hydraulic response to polymer migration, where localized pressure buildup corresponds to pore clogging. In contrast, subsequent pressure equalization signifies the progressive elution of polymer and the restoration of flow paths. These findings demonstrate the critical role of pore-scale heterogeneity and spatial polymer location in dictating the sealing performance of BPC-GCLs. This multiphysics framework provides a robust foundation for designing and optimizing polymer-enhanced barrier systems in environmental and geotechnical engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55217,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Geotechnics","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107626"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}