Cytopathology最新文献

{"title":"Benign Category in the WHO Reporting System for Lung Cytopathology: Diagnostic Difficulties and Differential Diagnosis","authors":"Claire W. Michael,&nbsp;Marianne Engels","doi":"10.1111/cyt.13497","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cyt.13497","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There are numerous benign cellular changes that occur in the lung due to diverse underlying diseases that can be encountered in exfoliative samples and transbronchial and CT-guided samples. Entities such as bronchial cell hyperplasia, pneumocyte type II proliferation, repair, etc. should be recognised and diagnosed. Yet, many pathologists encounter difficulties in their interpretation and frequently either diagnose them as ‘Atypical’ resulting in more invasive procedures or misdiagnose them as ‘Malignant’ with drastic consequences to the patient. Other entities may be dismissed as benign lung elements, resulting in misclassification as non-diagnostic/non-representative, resulting in repeated or more invasive procedures. In this review, we will present an overview of many of these diagnostic pitfalls and mimickers and describe clues to their diagnosis and how to differentiate them from malignant conditions. As in all cytologic diagnoses, both false positive and false negative errors can occur and both types of errors can have grave consequences to patient management, resulting in increased unnecessary morbidity such as pneumonectomy and, at times, litigation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55187,"journal":{"name":"Cytopathology","volume":"36 5","pages":"443-457"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144046749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Performance of a Liquid Preservation Medium for Cervicovaginal Samples in DNA-HPV Testing and Liquid-Based Cytology for Cervical Cancer Screening","authors":"Larissa Dias Assunção,&nbsp;Michelle Garcia Discacciati,&nbsp;Andressa Germano da Silva,&nbsp;Adriana Yoshida,&nbsp;Diama Bhadra Vale,&nbsp;Julio Cesar Teixeira","doi":"10.1111/cyt.13495","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cyt.13495","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cervical cancer remains a significant global health concern, primarily associated with persistent infections by high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV). As screening programmes evolve from traditional cytology to DNA-HPV testing, the need for a liquid medium that maintains the integrity of cervical samples for biomolecular analysis and cytology becomes critical.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study evaluated the performance of the candidate liquid preservation medium (PM) Cytoliq for cervical samples intended for DNA-HPV testing and liquid-based cytology (LBC), in comparison with the reference PM, PreservCyt-ThinPrep. A total of 112 women aged 18–64 years underwent routine gynaecological examinations, with paired cervical samples preserved in both PM for HPV testing and genotyping (Cobas HPV test), and LBC. The study aimed for a sensitivity greater than 90% in detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+), moderate to high agreement in HPV testing results (Kappa index &gt; 0.70) and adequate performance in LBC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The candidate PM exhibited non-inferior performance relative to the reference PM. DNA-HPV testing showed a 94.5% agreement rate (Kappa = 0.88) and a sensitivity of 92.9% for CIN2+ detection. Additionally, the candidate PM performed well in LBC smear production, with no significant differences in cytological diagnoses. The agreement in LBC diagnoses was 94.0% (Kappa = 0.79) with the ThinPrep processor and 91.8% (Kappa = 0.63) with the Cytoliq processor.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Cytoliq PM demonstrated comparable efficacy to the reference for DNA-HPV testing and LBC, supporting its potential as an alternative preservation medium in cervical cancer screening programmes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55187,"journal":{"name":"Cytopathology","volume":"36 6","pages":"552-557"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cyt.13495","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytomorphological and Immunohistochemical Features of Metastatic Malignant Phyllodes Tumour in Pleural Fluid: A Case Report With Literature Review","authors":"Yi Xu,&nbsp;Xiao-Yu Nie,&nbsp;Qian Wang,&nbsp;Zhi-Hong Xian,&nbsp;Shu-Hui Zhang","doi":"10.1111/cyt.13501","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cyt.13501","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cytomorphology of malignant phyllodes tumour (MPT) in effusion specimens is rarely described. In this paper, the detailed cytopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of metastatic MPT have been described in pleural effusion. Patients' medical history and the judicious utilisation of ancillary studies including cellblock and immunocytochemistry contribute to ensure precise cytological diagnoses.</p><p>The cytomorphology of malignant phyllodes tumour (MPT) in effusion specimens can be diagnostically challenging. The author presents detailed cytopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of a case of metastatic MPT in pleural effusion.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":55187,"journal":{"name":"Cytopathology","volume":"36 5","pages":"516-521"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Villoglandular Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix: Clinic-Cytopathological-Histological Features of a Rare Case With Brief Review of the Literature","authors":"Neelam Sood,&nbsp;Ruchika Gupta,&nbsp;Sanjay Gupta","doi":"10.1111/cyt.13492","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cyt.13492","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Villoglandular adenocarcinoma (VGA) of the cervix is a rare tumour with very few reports of cytological diagnosis on a cervical smear. Since the usual prognosis of VGA is more favourable than that of a conventional cervical adenocarcinoma, a pre-operative diagnosis is essential for appropriate therapeutic decisions. We report the clinical, cytological, and histopathological features of a case of VGA in an elderly woman. A 60-year-old female presented with postmenopausal bleeding and was found to have a hypertrophied cervix. Conventional smears from the cervix demonstrated features of atypical glandular cells with a villoglandular configuration. Endocervical cell nuclei were enlarged with overlapping, hyperchromasia and mild to moderate anisonucleosis. The cytological impression of villoglandular carcinoma was confirmed on subsequent hysterectomy and histopathology. Hence, cytopathologists need to be aware of the entity of villoglandular carcinoma of the cervix, its relatively bland nuclear features, and the diagnostic clues to allow for an accurate diagnosis on cervical smear. An accurate pre-operative diagnosis can assist the gynaecologists in arriving at appropriate therapeutic and prognostic decisions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55187,"journal":{"name":"Cytopathology","volume":"36 6","pages":"596-601"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma of the Lung: Clues for Cytological Diagnosis","authors":"M. J. Fernández Aceñero,&nbsp;V. Acedo,&nbsp;P. Barreiro,&nbsp;M. Negueruela,&nbsp;L. Nielsen","doi":"10.1111/cyt.13494","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cyt.13494","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hepatoid carcinoma is an aggressive and infrequent type of tumour. Lung is a very infrequent location of this tumour. Hepatoid carcinoma can be suspected from cytological features. Immunocytochemistry can confirm suspicion in cytological samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":55187,"journal":{"name":"Cytopathology","volume":"36 5","pages":"512-515"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquid Biopsy in Solid Tumours: An Overview","authors":"Pasquale Pisapia,&nbsp;Antonino Iaccarino,&nbsp;Giancarlo Troncone,&nbsp;Umberto Malapelle","doi":"10.1111/cyt.13485","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cyt.13485","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The advent of personalised and precision medicine has radically modified the management and the clinical outcome of cancer patients. However, the expanding number of predictive, prognostic, and diagnostic biomarkers has raised the need for simple, noninvasive, quicker, but equally efficient tests for molecular profiling. In this complex scenario, the adoption of liquid biopsy, particularly circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), has been a real godsend for many cancer patients who would otherwise have been denied the benefits of targeted treatments. Undeniably, ctDNA analysis has several advantages over conventional tissue-based analysis. One advantage is that it can guide treatment decision making, especially when tissue samples are scarce or totally unavailable. Indeed, a simple blood test can inform clinicians on patients' response or resistance to targeted therapies, help them monitor minimal residual disease (MRD) after surgical resections, and facilitate them with early cancer detection and interception. Finally, an equally important advantage is that ctDNA analysis can help decipher temporal and spatial tumour heterogeneity, a mechanism highly responsible for therapeutic resistance. In this review, we gathered and analysed current evidence on the clinical usefulness of ctDNA analysis in solid tumours.</p>","PeriodicalId":55187,"journal":{"name":"Cytopathology","volume":"36 4","pages":"296-302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cyt.13485","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Career Advancement in Academic Cytopathology Workforce: A Gender and Regional Comparison","authors":"Paul Z. Chiou,&nbsp;Yuane Jia,&nbsp;Rema Vinod","doi":"10.1111/cyt.13490","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cyt.13490","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using bibliometric analysis to inform factors impacting career mobility, focusing on gender and regional variations in academic cytopathology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Scopus database was used to determine the productivity and experience of cytopathologists who are faculty from the 92 fellowship programs. The dependent variable was promotion to the rank of Professor. A regression analysis was conducted with productivity (h-index), experience (years in publication) and one's geographic work location as covariates to investigate the role of gender in promotion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The gender distribution is skewed towards females at the Assistant (62.4% vs. 37.58%) and Associate Professors (70.51% vs. 29.49%) levels, but the gap narrows at the full-professor rank (52.98% vs. 47.02%). The regression model showed significant regional variation in promotion for the Southern (0.35; 95% CI, 0.16–0.79; <i>p</i> = 0.012) and Northeastern (0.24; 95% CI, 0.10–0.57; <i>p</i> = 0.001) regions compared to the West. Active years of publishing (1.18; 95% CI, 1.11–1.27; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and productivity (1.09; 95% CI, 1.06–1.12; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) were factors in promotion. The mean HI productivity was comparable between the males and females in the first (4.41 for males and 4.40 for females) and the second decade (13.81 for males and 12.84 for females). However, the gap widened into the third decade (30.27 for males and 26.40 for females), suggesting potential areas for improvement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While the academic cytopathology workforce is progressing towards gender equity, there is still room for improvement. Our findings suggest that focusing on mid-career professionals(between the second to third decades) by providing additional resources for research and facilitating work–life flexibility can help close the gender gap at the highest level.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55187,"journal":{"name":"Cytopathology","volume":"36 5","pages":"498-504"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of the Monoclonal Antibody B72.3 in Diagnosis of Malignant Carcinomatous Serous Effusions—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Performance","authors":"Alex H. Lin,&nbsp;Matthew Hsu,&nbsp;Joanna K. M. Ng,&nbsp;Sahar J. Farahani,&nbsp;Joshua J. X. Li,&nbsp;Jana Nano,&nbsp;Hamidreza Raeisi-Dehkordi,&nbsp;Wilson Tang,&nbsp;Philippe Vielh,&nbsp;Taulant Muka","doi":"10.1111/cyt.13493","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cyt.13493","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Immunocytochemistry is often required in the cytologic assessment of malignant serous effusion, particularly for differentiating metastatic carcinoma from mesothelioma. To summarise the diagnostic performance of the monoclonal antibody B72.3, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five databases were searched for relevant studies and reviewed for data extraction and risk of bias assessment. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and area under curve of summary receiver operating characteristics (AUC-SROC) were calculated for the diagnostic performance of B72.3. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed by the <i>I</i>^<i>2</i> index and Deeks' funnel plot.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In total, 19 studies (1159 cases) were included. Overall pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.76 (0.72–0.79) and 0.90 (0.74–1.00), respectively. The NLR, PLR and DOR were 0.27 (0.21–0.34), 7.66 (&lt; 0.001–20.46) and 28.26 (0–75.96), respectively. The AUC-SROC was 0.98, indicating a good overall diagnostic accuracy for B72.3. Subgroup analysis for adenocarcinoma (0.75, 0.71–0.79), mesothelioma (0.92, 0.85–0.98) and benign/reactive mesothelial cells (0.96, 0.93–1.00) showed similar sensitivity and specificity, while the sensitivity for adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal/hepatobiliary tract (0.56, 0.41–0.71) and breast (0.55, 0.38–0.71) was significantly lower. High heterogeneity was observed in the majority of our analyses, while no evidence of publication bias was identified.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>B72.3 has an acceptable performance with low sensitivity. With a good specificity, B72.3 may find use in an immunocytochemical panel for excluding benign mesothelial processes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55187,"journal":{"name":"Cytopathology","volume":"36 4","pages":"399-407"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cyt.13493","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Diagnostic Accuracy of Directly Sampled Endometrial Cytology Using ThinPrep for Endometrial Malignancies: Comparison With Existing Endometrial Liquid-Based Cytology","authors":"Rie Ikemoto,&nbsp;Ken Tanikawa,&nbsp;Morio Ijichi,&nbsp;Miyoko Miyakawa,&nbsp;Kenji Yanoh,&nbsp;Jun Watanabe,&nbsp;Yutaka Nakamura,&nbsp;Ken Maruyama,&nbsp;Tadao K. Kobayashi,&nbsp;Hideaki Hirai,&nbsp;Noriyuki Furuta,&nbsp;Yasuo Hirai","doi":"10.1111/cyt.13488","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cyt.13488","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of detecting malignancies by directly sampled endometrial cytology using globally adopted ThinPrep with a novel preparation technique.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Medical records and reports of pathology and cytology from June 2019 to March 2022 were reviewed. We selected 112 endometrial cytology specimens using ThinPrep with the novel preparation technique, where the clinical course or pathological samples confirmed negative or positive results. Eight cytotechnologists or cytopathologists examined the cytology specimens and provided reports based on standardised criteria from the descriptive reporting system for endometrial cytology (the Yokohama System).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The 112 specimens were evenly smeared and well prepared, featuring high quality, with no issues hindering microscopic examination. Examiners unfamiliar with endometrial cytology using ThinPrep showed high diagnostic accuracy, demonstrating that this modality of preparation for endometrial cytology is feasible for clinical use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The novel preparation method using ThinPrep successfully provided high-quality, standardised specimens. Furthermore, employing the Yokohama System enabled high accuracy in detecting endometrial malignancies, even for examiners with minimal experience with this cytological technique. This suggests that ThinPrep-based endometrial cytology can be globally adopted with ease, potentially contributing significantly to the early detection of endometrial cancer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55187,"journal":{"name":"Cytopathology","volume":"36 6","pages":"572-577"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cyt.13488","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Diagnostic Role of TFF1, TFF3, FOXA1, CA XII and TRPS1 in Serous Effusions","authors":"Ben Davidson,&nbsp;Arild Holth,&nbsp;Jeremias Wohlschlaeger,&nbsp;Maurizio Pinamonti,&nbsp;Binnur Önal","doi":"10.1111/cyt.13489","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cyt.13489","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To analyse the diagnostic role of trefoil factor-1 and -3 (TFF1, TFF3), forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1), carbonic anhydrase XII (CA XII) and trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 (TRPS1) in serous effusions. The prognostic role of these markers in breast carcinoma was additionally studied.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Protein expression by immunohistochemistry was analysed in 247 effusions, consisting of 60 breast carcinomas, 54 tubo-ovarian carcinomas, 47 mesotheliomas, 44 lung carcinomas, 20 uterine corpus and cervical carcinomas, 17 gastrointestinal carcinomas and 5 cancers of other origin.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TFF1, TFF3, FOXA1, CA XII and TRPS1 expression was found in 67%, 70%, 88%, 82% and 83% of breast carcinomas, respectively. Expression of all markers was seen in some carcinomas of other origin, most commonly in GI metastases, but was least frequent for TRPS1. CA XII expression was additionally seen in mesotheliomas and reactive mesothelial cells. All 5 markers were significantly overexpressed in breast compared to tubo-ovarian carcinoma (all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and lung carcinoma (all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 except for FOXA1, <i>p</i> = 0.023). TFF1 (<i>p</i> = 0.003), TFF3 (<i>p</i> = 0.008) and FOXA1 (<i>p</i> = 0.017) expression was significantly higher in receptor-positive compared to receptor-negative primary breast carcinomas. In survival analysis for 44 breast carcinoma patients with clinical data, TFF1 expression was associated with a trend for longer overall (<i>p</i> = 0.096) and disease-free (<i>p</i> = 0.06) survival.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TFF1, TFF3, FOXA1, CA XII and TRPS1 are sensitive breast carcinoma markers, with FOXA1 performing best in terms of sensitivity and TRPS1 being the most specific. Whether the expression of these markers in breast carcinoma effusions is informative of survival merits further research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55187,"journal":{"name":"Cytopathology","volume":"36 4","pages":"408-417"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}