Cytopathology最新文献

{"title":"A WSI-Independent Inference Framework for Cervical and Urinary Cytology Using Hierarchical Labels.","authors":"Yuki Kurita, Shiori Meguro, Yasunori Enomoto, Hideya Kawasaki, Takeji Saitoh, Makoto Suzuki, Junichi Sakane, Daisuke Suzuki, Osamu Ishidou, Kazuya Shinmura, Toshihide Iwashita","doi":"10.1111/cyt.70140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cyt.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cytology artificial intelligence (AI) systems often depend on whole-slide images (WSIs) or high-magnification cell images and are commonly optimized for a single specimen type. We developed CYTOLONE-v2, a contrastive language-image pretraining (CLIP)-based hierarchical classification framework for cervical and urinary cytology that is designed for individual-field inference without WSI input.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CYTOLONE-v1.1, previously trained for cervical cytology, was further trained by low-rank adaptation using WSI-derived urinary cytology fields equivalent to ×10 magnification. The 90-case source cohort was divided at the case level into training (72 cases; 360 fields) and validation (18 cases; 90 fields) subsets. Five diagnosis-representative fields were manually selected from each case. Field-level performance was evaluated in an independent urinary test cohort of 40 cases (20 Reactive change and 20 Urothelial carcinoma; 200 fields), and retention was assessed using an independent cervical cytology test set.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In urinary cytology, CYTOLONE-v2 achieved field-level accuracies of 64.0% for Anomaly and Malignancy and 72.5% for Diagnosis. At the Diagnosis level, sensitivity for urothelial carcinoma was 99.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 96.7%-100%), whereas specificity against Reactive change was 46.0% (95% CI, 30.0%-62.0%). Cervical cytology accuracy was retained at the Anomaly level (94.8% vs. 94.7% with CYTOLONE-v1.1), decreased modestly at the Malignancy level (91.2% vs. 93.5%), and decreased more at the Bethesda and Diagnosis levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CYTOLONE-v2 demonstrates the technical feasibility of extending a hierarchical cytology classification framework from cervical to urinary cytology. The findings are limited to selected WSI-derived fields and a Reactive change-versus-Urothelial carcinoma test cohort; external, case-level, direct-microscopy and prospective workflow validation is required before clinical utility can be established.</p>","PeriodicalId":55187,"journal":{"name":"Cytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149225485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytomorphologic Features of Hepatic PEComa Diagnosed by Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy.","authors":"Timothy Ramseyer, Kyle Hinz, Ivy John, Parmjeet Randhawa, Samer Khader","doi":"10.1111/cyt.70138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cyt.70138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perivascular epithelioid cell tumours (PEComas) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms with characteristic myomelanocytic differentiation and limited descriptions in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens. A woman in her 30s with a history of ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma in remission was found to have a 2.1-cm hepatic mass during evaluation of persistent liver function abnormalities. Ultrasound-guided FNA demonstrated a cellular neoplasm composed of loosely cohesive clusters and singly dispersed epithelioid to spindle cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, mild to moderate nuclear atypia and prominent nucleoli. Immunohistochemical studies showed positivity for smooth muscle actin, caldesmon, HMB-45 and Melan-A, supporting a myomelanocytic phenotype. Molecular testing identified pathogenic TSC2 splice-site mutations. Subsequent resection confirmed hepatic PEComa, epithelioid angiomyolipoma variant. This case highlights the characteristic cytomorphologic, immunophenotypic and molecular features of hepatic PEComa and demonstrates the value of FNA with ancillary testing in establishing a preoperative diagnosis and excluding morphologic mimics.</p>","PeriodicalId":55187,"journal":{"name":"Cytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149186237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling A Rare Diagnosis: Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis.","authors":"Rohan Govil, Arpita Mathur, Sunil Kumar Agarwal, Anjana Mittal, Pooja Rani","doi":"10.1111/cyt.70139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cyt.70139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disorder characterized by abnormal accumulation of surfactant within the alveoli, leading to impaired gas exchange and progressive respiratory symptoms. We report a 40-year-old stone grinder presenting with chronic cough, dyspnea, weight loss and hypoxemia. High-resolution computed tomography showed bilateral ground-glass opacities, while bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) yielded characteristic milky fluid. Cytological examination demonstrated PAS-positive eosinophilic material with foamy macrophages, confirming secondary PAP related to silica exposure. Lung biopsy was not feasible because of the patient's condition. Whole lung lavage resulted in marked clinical, radiological and oxygenation improvement, highlighting BAL cytology's diagnostic value.</p>","PeriodicalId":55187,"journal":{"name":"Cytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149186285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientific Writing in Cytopathology—Educational Series. A Practical Guide for the Next Generation","authors":"Cioly Rivero-Colmenarez","doi":"10.1111/cyt.70111","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cyt.70111","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Scientific writing (SW) is an essential component of academic development in cytopathology; however, many professionals face difficulties when attempting to initiate the writing process. This series arises from a commonly shared challenge: not knowing where or how to begin.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objective&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;To introduce a practical educational framework for SW in cytopathology, developed in response to the need for structured guidance among both early-career and experienced cytopathologists. This article aims to encourage structured scientific publication, strengthen mentorship, and promote academic continuity within the specialty.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A narrative review of the literature was performed using major biomedical databases and leading cytopathology journals to identify publications addressing SW, medical education, mentorship, research training, and publication practices relevant to cytopathology. Educational initiatives from scientific societies and current resources supporting academic writing, including digital technologies and artificial intelligence, were also reviewed. Based on the available literature and the authors' educational experience, a practical framework was developed to describe the scientific writing pathway from idea generation to manuscript submission.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The literature specifically addressing scientific writing in cytopathology was found to be limited, and existing educational resources are fragmented. This article introduces a practical and accessible framework for both junior and senior cytopathologists, cytotechnologists, and other biomedical professionals working in cytopathology, addressing key aspects such as how to begin writing, identifying publishable ideas, the fundamental elements of successful publication, the role of mentorship, responsible use of artificial intelligence and digital tools, and the importance of disseminating both positive and negative research findings. The framework is intended to guide readers from their first research idea through manuscript preparation and publication.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;SW is a learnable competency that should be incorporated into cytopathology education throughout professional life. Developing structured educational pathways, strengthening mentorship, and promoting the responsible use of modern digital resources may facilitate greater academic participation. Encouraging a culture of SW is essential to develop the next generation of authors, improve international ","PeriodicalId":55187,"journal":{"name":"Cytopathology","volume":"37 6","pages":"570-573"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148474344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Diagnostic Yield of Fine Needle Aspiration and Biopsy Needles According to Needle Passes Number in Diagnosing Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma","authors":"Wisam Sbeit,&nbsp;Moaad Farraj,&nbsp;Tawfik Khoury","doi":"10.1111/cyt.70102","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cyt.70102","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration/biopsy (EUS-FNA/FNB) is the main diagnostic tool for solid pancreatic lesions. However, it is associated with a limited diagnostic yield.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed to assess the optimal needle passes number of FNAFNB needles to achieve maximum diagnostic yield.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We performed a retrospective study including all patients who were diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma by EUS-FNA/FNB. The diagnostic yield was reported for all needles according to the number of needle passes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, 227 patients underwent EUS-FNA/FNB. FNBs in 85 patients (37.4%), and FNA in 142 patients (62.5%). The needle number passes in the FNB was 1.46 ± 0.70 versus 2.11 ± 1.12 in the FNA group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). One, two, and three needle passes yielded a diagnosis rate of malignancy in 76.8%, 68.4% and 70% of cases respectively for histology, while for cytology, the yield was 78.6%, 89.4% and 100%, respectively. For FNB needle types, the acquire needle outperformed the other needle, as the histological yield for one pass was 78.6%, 80% for two passes, and 57.1% for three passes, while for cytology, the yield was 79.3%, 90%, and 100% for one, two and three passes, respectively. For the FNA needle, the cytological yield was 88.7% for one pass, and higher for two and three passes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The number of needle passes for FNB (maximum three passes) was lower than FNA needles (3–4 passes) to obtain an optimal diagnostic yield.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55187,"journal":{"name":"Cytopathology","volume":"37 6","pages":"603-608"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148284880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytological Identification of a Rhabdoid Variant of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm","authors":"Miyu Okuda,&nbsp;Keishi Mizuguchi,&nbsp;Tatsuya Mori,&nbsp;Urara Okawa,&nbsp;Hiroko Ikeda","doi":"10.1111/cyt.70118","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cyt.70118","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are rare epithelial neoplasms with endocrine differentiation. Although most PanNETs exhibit typical cytological features, uncommon morphological variants occasionally occur. We report the first case of a rhabdoid-type PanNET diagnosed solely by cytology. A 48-year-old woman was incidentally found to have a pancreatic head mass. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology revealed tumor cells with eccentric nuclei, granular chromatin, and prominent eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions, which were highlighted by Giemsa staining. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated strong cytokeratin positivity within the inclusions along with the expression of neuroendocrine markers. This case underscores that rhabdoid-type PanNET can be diagnosed through the cytological identification of distinctive intracytoplasmic inclusions and confirmed by immunocytochemistry. Awareness of this rare phenotype is essential for accurate diagnosis and improved clinicopathological understanding of PanNET variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":55187,"journal":{"name":"Cytopathology","volume":"37 6","pages":"641-647"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cyt.70118","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148834918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Crystalloids Tell the Story: Amylase Crystalloids in Salivary Gland Cytology","authors":"Pallavi Saraf,&nbsp;Vaibhav Saini,&nbsp;Shubham Kabra,&nbsp;Gargi Kapatia,&nbsp;Manjit Kaur Rana","doi":"10.1111/cyt.70121","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cyt.70121","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Crystalloids in salivary gland cytology are uncommonly recognised findings that may provide important diagnostic clues in differentiating neoplastic from non-neoplastic lesions. Among these, amylase crystalloids are typically associated with benign salivary gland lesions, including inflammatory conditions such as sialadenitis and cystic lesions, as well as benign neoplasms such as Warthin tumour and pleomorphic adenoma. We describe a case of a 59-year-old female presenting with a parotid swelling. Ultrasonography revealed a cystic lesion in the parotid gland. Fine needle aspiration yielded yellowish fluid, and cytology smears revealed numerous nonbirefringent rectangular to rhomboidal crystalloids showing characteristic staining properties, consistent with amylase crystalloids, in a background of mixed inflammatory infiltrate. No epithelial component was identified. A diagnosis of chronic sialadenitis with amylase crystalloids (Milan Category II) was rendered. The lesion resolved post-aspiration with no recurrence on follow-up. Recognition of crystalloid morphology on cytology is essential, as it serves as a useful clue towards benign pathology and supports accurate diagnosis of benign salivary gland lesions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55187,"journal":{"name":"Cytopathology","volume":"37 6","pages":"648-651"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148882889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Are Computer-Assisted Methods Achieving in Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology of the Pancreas? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Al-Amaan Mohamed Mirzan,&nbsp;Roberto Dina","doi":"10.1111/cyt.70092","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cyt.70092","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objective&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Pancreatic malignancies present major diagnostic challenges. The gold standard for diagnosis is endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) with cytopathological assessment. Workforce shortages have driven interest in computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) to improve efficiency. However, its overall diagnostic impact in pancreatic cytology remains unclear. We evaluated the accuracy of CAD in this setting.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. Five databases were searched (January 2010–May 2025) for studies applying CAD to pancreatic FNA cytology. Two reviewers independently screened studies, with risk of bias assessed using QUADAS-2. Random-effects bivariate models generated pooled sensitivity, specificity, and summary receiver-operating-characteristic (SROC) curves. Studies were analysed according to the unit of analysis: image-level studies generated predictions from individual cytopathological images, whereas patient/case-level studies integrated multiple images per case to produce a single diagnostic output.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Ten studies met eligibility criteria and provided quantitative data. At the image-level, pooled sensitivity and specificity were 91% [95% confidence interval: 86–94] and 92% [87–96], respectively, with a SROC area under the curve (AUC) of 0.962. At the patient/case-level, pooled sensitivity and specificity were 85% [69–93] and 91% [73–97], respectively, with an SROC AUC of 0.919. Heterogeneity was high (&lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 65%–93%), driven by retrospective designs and variable reference standards.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;CAD tools achieve near-expert accuracy for definitive diagnoses, reducing routine screening burdens and accelerating surgical planning. However, selection bias, single-centre training and inconsistent thresholds limit generalisability. Prospective multi-centre validation using whole-slide workflows is warranted, and telepathology integration could expand low-resource access.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Print Synopsis (For ‘Inside This Month's Cytopathology’)&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This systematic review and meta-analysis shows that computer-assisted diagnosis for pancreatic EUS-FNA cytology achieves high accuracy in distinguishing benign from malignant lesions, with pooled sensitivity up to 91% and specificity up to 92%. Current evidence is dominated by retr","PeriodicalId":55187,"journal":{"name":"Cytopathology","volume":"37 6","pages":"587-602"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cyt.70092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148037756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumour of the Breast: A Potential Diagnostic Pitfall on Aspiration Cytology","authors":"Neelam Sood,&nbsp;Ruchika Gupta,&nbsp; Ruhi,&nbsp;Sanjay Gupta","doi":"10.1111/cyt.70078","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cyt.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) is an uncommon mesenchymal neoplasm with intermediate malignant potential, typically arising in the lungs, abdomen, or retroperitoneum. Breast involvement is extremely rare, with limited reported cases. To the best of our knowledge, less than 50 cases of this lesion in the breast have been reported to date and cytological descriptions are very rare. A 47-year-old female presented with a painless mass in the right breast. Imaging revealed a well-defined lobulated soft tissue mass categorised as BIRADS 4A. The cytomorphologic features on fine needle aspiration smears showed spindle cell fragments with inflammatory cells, suggestive of a chronic inflammatory lesion. A subsequent histopathological examination of the excised specimen revealed proliferating spindle cells with a dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate consistent with IMT. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was crucial in ruling out differential diagnoses such as myofibroblastoma, fibromatosis and IgG4-related sclerosing disease. The patient remained recurrence-free post lumpectomy until 24 months of follow-up. Primary breast IMT remains a diagnostic challenge on aspiration cytology due to its rarity and overlap with other spindle cell lesions. Comprehensive evaluation and ancillary testing, including ALK immunohistochemistry and molecular assays, may be essential for accurate diagnosis.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55187,"journal":{"name":"Cytopathology","volume":"37 6","pages":"652-656"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunocytochemical Analysis of Stem Cell Markers in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma","authors":"Rabeah Al-Temaimi,&nbsp;Ali Al-Ali,&nbsp;Bency John,&nbsp;Kusum Kapila","doi":"10.1111/cyt.70072","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cyt.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) arises from transformed pancreatic stem cells. Different stemness pathways are thought to be involved in the progression of PDAC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess the expression of four stem cell markers to determine the best candidate for targeted therapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seventy-one PDAC cell blocks were immunoassayed for CD24, OCT4, DCLK1 and CD44 expression and genotyped for common <i>KRAS</i> mutations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>OCT4 was detected in 82.9% of PDAC and undetected in healthy pancreas. CD24 was detected in 23.9% of PDACs, while DCLK1 and CD44 were detected in 25.7% and 34.8% of PDACs, respectively. CD24 localisation was primarily nuclear in PDAC and membranous in healthy pancreas tissues. OCT4 expression and nuclear localisation correlated positively with CD24 expression and nuclear localisation (<i>r</i> = 0.264, <i>p</i> = 0.023; <i>r</i> = 0.238, <i>p</i> = 0.041, respectively). OCT4 expression was lower in <i>KRAS</i> mutation-positive specimens (β −0.54, 95% CI: −0.37 – (−0.088), <i>p</i> = 0.002).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>OCT4 expression is a specific biomarker for PDAC. Its increased expression signified PDAC progression and CD24 activation in a subset of PDAC. <i>KRAS</i> mutants have lower OCT4 expression, suggesting an alternative mechanism for cancer progression than that in OCT4 positive PDAC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55187,"journal":{"name":"Cytopathology","volume":"37 6","pages":"609-615"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147505582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}