Cytopathology最新文献

{"title":"When Crystalloids Tell the Story: Amylase Crystalloids in Salivary Gland Cytology.","authors":"Pallavi Saraf, Vaibhav Saini, Shubham Kabra, Gargi Kapatia, Manjit Kaur Rana","doi":"10.1111/cyt.70121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cyt.70121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Crystalloids in salivary gland cytology are uncommonly recognised findings that may provide important diagnostic clues in differentiating neoplastic from non-neoplastic lesions. Among these, amylase crystalloids are typically associated with benign salivary gland lesions, including inflammatory conditions such as sialadenitis and cystic lesions, as well as benign neoplasms such as Warthin tumour and pleomorphic adenoma. We describe a case of a 59-year-old female presenting with a parotid swelling. Ultrasonography revealed a cystic lesion in the parotid gland. Fine needle aspiration yielded yellowish fluid, and cytology smears revealed numerous nonbirefringent rectangular to rhomboidal crystalloids showing characteristic staining properties, consistent with amylase crystalloids, in a background of mixed inflammatory infiltrate. No epithelial component was identified. A diagnosis of chronic sialadenitis with amylase crystalloids (Milan Category II) was rendered. The lesion resolved post-aspiration with no recurrence on follow-up. Recognition of crystalloid morphology on cytology is essential, as it serves as a useful clue towards benign pathology and supports accurate diagnosis of benign salivary gland lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":55187,"journal":{"name":"Cytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148882889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micronucleus Formation and Tumour Cell Cannibalism in Effusion Cytology: Diagnostic Utility in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Effusions.","authors":"Akansha Gautam, Ritu Nain, Shikhar Chohan, Sufian Zaheer, Sachin Kolte","doi":"10.1111/cyt.70127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cyt.70127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cytological evaluation of effusion fluids is a rapid and minimally invasive method for detecting malignancy; however, distinguishing malignant cells from reactive mesothelial cells remains challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of micronucleus scoring and tumour cell cannibalism in differentiating benign and malignant effusions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective observational study included 100 pleural and ascitic fluid samples. Smears were prepared, stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa, and examined by light microscopy. Micronucleus scoring was performed by counting the number of micronucleated cells among 1000 well-preserved cells in each case, according to the method described by Ganesan et al. Tumour cell cannibalism was also quantified on the cytological smears.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 100 cases, 49 were benign and 51 were malignant on histopathological examination. The mean micronucleus score was significantly higher in malignant effusions than in benign effusions (17.88 ± 4.50 vs. 2.31 ± 0.59 per 1000 cells; p < 0.02). Tumour cell cannibalism was identified in six malignant effusions and was absent in all benign effusions. Conventional cytological examination correctly identified 48 of 51 malignant cases and all 49 benign cases, yielding a sensitivity of 94.1%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100% and negative predictive value of 94.2%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Micronucleus scores are significantly higher in malignant effusions than in benign effusions and may provide an objective adjunct to routine cytomorphological assessment. Tumour cell cannibalism is highly specific for malignancy but occurs infrequently. Quantitative evaluation of these features may aid the diagnostic assessment of effusion cytology, particularly in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":55187,"journal":{"name":"Cytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148882953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytological Identification of a Rhabdoid Variant of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm.","authors":"Miyu Okuda, Keishi Mizuguchi, Tatsuya Mori, Urara Okawa, Hiroko Ikeda","doi":"10.1111/cyt.70118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cyt.70118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are rare epithelial neoplasms with endocrine differentiation. Although most PanNETs exhibit typical cytological features, uncommon morphological variants occasionally occur. We report the first case of a rhabdoid-type PanNET diagnosed solely by cytology. A 48-year-old woman was incidentally found to have a pancreatic head mass. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology revealed tumor cells with eccentric nuclei, granular chromatin, and prominent eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions, which were highlighted by Giemsa staining. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated strong cytokeratin positivity within the inclusions along with the expression of neuroendocrine markers. This case underscores that rhabdoid-type PanNET can be diagnosed through the cytological identification of distinctive intracytoplasmic inclusions and confirmed by immunocytochemistry. Awareness of this rare phenotype is essential for accurate diagnosis and improved clinicopathological understanding of PanNET variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":55187,"journal":{"name":"Cytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148834918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology for Diagnostics of Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours.","authors":"Amanda Husu, Sandra Wessman, Karin Wallander, Felix Haglund de Flon","doi":"10.1111/cyt.70116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cyt.70116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>There is a wide spectrum of tumour and tumour-like lesions in soft tissue and bone. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a cheap and accessible method that can provide a rapid diagnosis in most instances. We have evaluated the usefulness of FNAC for bone and soft tissue lesions at the Karolinska University Hospital, and we have identified diagnostic pitfalls for FNAC when compared to histopathology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between 2018 and 2019, 503 patients with FNAC and corresponding histopathological specimens were identified using digital pathology records. The pathology reports were manually studied and compared. All soft tissue FNACs were reclassified according to the WHO Reporting System for Soft Tissue Cytopathology and risk of malignancy (ROM) was calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FNAC correctly predicted malignancy in 85% of the samples. The sensitivity and specificity of detecting malignancy were 89% and 93% for soft tissue lesions, and 87% and 100% for bone lesions. Correspondingly, the PPV and NPV were 94% and 88% in soft tissue, and 100% and 83% in bone. Non-representative sampling was the most important factor for missing malignancy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the right hands, FNAC is a useful method for diagnosing soft tissue and bone lesions. Its primary use should be to initiate and guide further care rather than provide an exact subtype in a preoperative setting. The limitations of negative FNACs need to be clearly communicated in pathology reports and multidisciplinary conferences to achieve safe tumour investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":55187,"journal":{"name":"Cytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148842292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardising Immunocytochemistry on Breast Cytology: A Formalin Post-Fixation Protocol Achieves High Concordance With Immunohistochemistry for Oestrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2.","authors":"Naoto Tsuneda, Takuya Kanazawa, Ayumi Kaneko, Hitomi Kobayashi, Yosuke Hirabayashi, Hiromi Ishiguro, Meiko Ogawa, Asami Namai, Motohiro Chosokabe, Naoki Kanomata","doi":"10.1111/cyt.70117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cyt.70117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Standardisation of immunocytochemistry (ICC) on cytological specimens remains a major unmet need. Variability in fixation, antigen retrieval and staining platforms has limited reproducibility. In particular, reliable evaluation of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression in cytology has been challenging due to heterogeneous pre-analytical conditions. We hypothesised that the introduction of a brief formalin post-fixation step would enable ICC on smear cytology to align more closely with the analytical conditions of immunohistochemistry (IHC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 120 breast cancer specimens from surgical resections were analysed. Smear cytology specimens were prepared using fine-needle aspiration or touch imprints, which were initially ethanol-fixed and stained with Papanicolaou stain. Slides with adequate tumour cellularity were subjected to 10% neutral-buffered formalin post-fixation before ICC was performed using the Ventana Benchmark ULTRA platform. ER, PgR and HER2 immunostaining on cytology slides were performed with the same standard protocols applied to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue IHC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall concordance between cytology ICC and tissue IHC was 96.7% for ER (κ: 0.893), 92.5% for PgR (κ: 0.803) and 80.0% for HER2 (weighted κ: 0.794). Most discordant cases were cytology-negative and tissue-positive for hormone receptors, with low positivity percentages in the tissue specimens. HER2 discordance predominantly occurred in cases with intermediate HER2 scores. All IHC 3+ cases were fully concordant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Formalin post-fixation enabled breast cytology ICC to be performed under conditions comparable to those of IHC, resulting in high concordance for breast cancer biomarkers. This simple pre-analytical step offers a practical and reproducible method for methodological standardisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":55187,"journal":{"name":"Cytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148834885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From HSIL to SCC: A Real-World Analysis of Diagnostic Upgrade Pathways and Pitfalls in Cervical Cytology","authors":"Yan Qin,&nbsp;Hongyi Gao,&nbsp;Yanxia Liao,&nbsp;Kunhe Wu","doi":"10.1111/cyt.70089","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cyt.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Context</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cervical cancer remains a major global health concern. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) is a cornerstone of screening, but its diagnostic accuracy for high-grade lesions, particularly in specific populations such as Southern China, requires ongoing evaluation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of LBC for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in a large Chinese cohort, and to analyse associated human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype patterns and diagnostic pitfalls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective analysis of 518,519 LBC records (2014–2024), focusing on 1758 cases diagnosed as HSIL, HSIL suspected SCC, or SCC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The detection rate for HSIL/SCC was 0.34%. Histopathological follow-up was available for 1315 cases. The concordance rates between cytology and histology were 44.5% for HSIL and 78.5% for SCC. All 52 cases labelled “HSIL suspected SCC” were confirmed as invasive SCC (positive predictive value [PPV] = 100%). Among discordant cases, 21.9% of cytological HSIL were upgraded to SCC on histology, while 67 cases originally diagnosed as HSIL/SCC were reclassified as other malignancies (e.g., adenosquamous carcinoma). HPV genotypes 16, 58, 52, and 33 were predominant (70.0% in HSIL, 81.0% in SCC). A small proportion (2.3%) of high-grade lesions were HPV-negative.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>LBC demonstrates high specificity for SCC and useful predictive value for the “HSIL suspected SCC” category. However, diagnostic challenges remain, including under-recognition of invasive carcinoma in HSIL cases and misclassification of non-squamous malignancies. These findings underscore the importance of cytological expertise and the complementary role of HPV testing within screening programs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55187,"journal":{"name":"Cytopathology","volume":"37 5","pages":"538-543"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147943575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Prognostic Implications of Nuclear Atypia in Bethesda III Thyroid Nodules","authors":"Yusuf Öztürk","doi":"10.1111/cyt.70084","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cyt.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This correspondence explores the prognostic role of nuclear atypia in thyroid nodules with AUS cytology. Although associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma, it was not linked to clinical outcomes, suggesting limited prognostic value.</p>","PeriodicalId":55187,"journal":{"name":"Cytopathology","volume":"37 5","pages":"566-567"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Scientific Societies in Continuing Education in Cytopathology: Present and Future Perspectives","authors":"Milagros Abad-Licham,&nbsp;Andrea Gersztein,&nbsp;Cecilia Gimenez,&nbsp;Cioly Rivero Colmenarez,&nbsp;Frida Rosenblum,&nbsp;Esperanza Teuzaba,&nbsp;Raúl J. Ortiz-Bautista,&nbsp;Caddie Laberiano Fernández,&nbsp;Bruno de Carvalho Dornelas,&nbsp;Esther Diana Rossi,&nbsp;Chien-Chin Chen,&nbsp;Carme Dinarès Fernández","doi":"10.1111/cyt.70077","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cyt.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article analyzes the role of Scientific Medical Societies (SMS) in continuing education in Cytopathology, emphasizing their impact on professional development, diagnostic quality, and patient safety. In recent years, Cytopathology has undergone significant growth driven by technological and molecular advances, which have expanded its scope and complexity. In this context, SMS play a crucial role by offering training activities such as congresses, courses, workshops, and publications, acting as a bridge between scientific evidence and clinical practice. The article also addresses current challenges related to equitable access, pedagogical innovation, and the integration of new technologies, as well as potential strategies for strengthening continuing education and international cooperation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55187,"journal":{"name":"Cytopathology","volume":"37 5","pages":"472-484"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Change in Practicing Cytopathologists' Team on Risk of Malignancy in a Retrospective Single-Centre Project of 652 Thyroid Nodules: A Quality Assurance Project","authors":"Pauline Kuerten,&nbsp;Dieter Erdin,&nbsp;Andrea Goldmann,&nbsp;Bastian Jentsch,&nbsp;Sina Schmidt,&nbsp;Peter Karl Bode","doi":"10.1111/cyt.70088","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cyt.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a reliable, cost-effective method for evaluating thyroid lesions. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) is a standardised framework for reporting FNAC interpretations, with each category implying a risk of malignancy (ROM) and recommending evidence-based clinical management. This project aimed to (i) determine ROM rates for thyroid FNAC in a 2-year period and (ii) investigate whether a personnel change in our cytology team influenced ROM rates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted retrospective research using a pathology database for FNAC of thyroid lesions between March 2022 and February 2024. Cytohistological correlation was made in cases with histopathological follow-up and ROM was calculated for each TBSRTC category.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a 2-year period, 652 FNAC specimens obtained from 553 patients were assessed. 28.2% (184/652) of cases had histopathological follow-up. ROM rates for each TBSRTC category were 3.6% (I), 4.9% (II), 2.9% (III), 12.5% (IV), 86.7% (V) and 100.0% (VI). After a personnel change, the distribution of TBSRTC categories shifted from categories III and IV to category II and ROM rates increased in categories II to IV. The cytohistological correlation showed limitations of FNAC interpretation in the two discrepant category II cases due to tumour subtype (diffuse sclerosing papillary thyroid carcinoma) and a retrospective lack of specimen representativeness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ROM rates are largely consistent with published data. A personnel change in our team shifted category distribution and ROM rates, illustrating the influence of interobserver variability on diagnostic thresholds. These findings underscore the need for ongoing quality assurance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55187,"journal":{"name":"Cytopathology","volume":"37 5","pages":"509-516"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cyt.70088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147876253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metaplastic-Like and Squamous Cell Carcinoma-Like Cells in Liquid-Based Cytology Associated With Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix","authors":"Shinji Toyoda,&nbsp;Kohei Morita,&nbsp;Toshiyuki Sado","doi":"10.1111/cyt.70098","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cyt.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metaplastic-like cells exhibit an eccentric nucleus. SCC-like cells are planar aggregates with prominent atypical nuclei, similar to SCCs. These squamous epithelium changes may serve as cytologic clues to the early detection of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix with predominant subepithelial growth.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p><p>The authors identified metaplastic-like and SCC-like cells in cervical SCNEC cytology. These findings offer vital clues for early detection, even in cases with predominant subepithelial growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":55187,"journal":{"name":"Cytopathology","volume":"37 5","pages":"560-563"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}