Depression and Anxiety最新文献

{"title":"An Overview of Depression Pathogenesis: Prevailing Hypotheses and Associated Neurobiological Underpinnings Primarily Evidenced by Rodent Studies","authors":"Bo Zhang,&nbsp;Chuanyu Li","doi":"10.1155/da/1891046","DOIUrl":"10.1155/da/1891046","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Depression has emerged as a globally prevalent mental disorder that severely compromises both physiological and psychological well-being. Its widespread prevalence constitutes a pressing public health concern that necessitates intensified attention and targeted therapeutic interventions. Clinical studies primarily delineate core symptomatology of depression and validate the therapeutic efficacy of candidate antidepressants in clinical cohorts. Complementarily, preclinical animal studies, predominantly utilizing chronic stress-induced rodent models, decipher the sophisticated molecular underpinnings of depression, and enable primary screening for high-potency antidepressants and innovative therapeutic regimens. Decades of clinical and preclinical research have substantially facilitated the establishment of diverse pathogenic hypotheses and development of first-line antidepressant therapies. To date, prevailing mechanistic hypotheses include classic theories regarding hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation and monoamine deficiency, intermediate mechanisms centered on glutamate excitotoxicity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor dysregulation (BDNF), and emerging theories of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and microbiota–gut–brain (MGB) axis dysfunction. Currently available antidepressant regimens primarily comprise conventional monoamine-targeted agents and novel glutamate-modulating drugs (e.g., tricyclic antidepressants [TCAs], monoamine oxidase inhibitors [MAOIs], selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs], and esketamine), which, however, are plagued by inherent limitations and undesirable adverse reactions. Despite substantial advances achieved to date, further in-depth mechanistic investigations are still warranted to develop novel, safe, and efficacious antidepressants and optimize current therapeutic regimens. This review systematically recapitulates the prevailing pathogenic hypotheses and dissects associated multifaceted neurobiological underpinnings, with key evidence predominantly obtained from preclinical chronic stress rodent models. We outline the defining features of each mainstream hypothesis, and the intricate crosstalk and bidirectional regulatory networks among distinct mechanistic pathways, with a particular focus on underlying molecular signaling cascades, thereby constructing a holistic landscape of depression pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13596076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149026872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EEG Microstate Alterations in Anhedonia Subtypes of Major Depressive Disorder and Their Modulation by Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation","authors":"Jiang Wu,&nbsp;Zhengzhi Deng,&nbsp;Xinyuan Cheng,&nbsp;Shaoqing Li,&nbsp;Nan Qiu,&nbsp;Lan Hu,&nbsp;Zhihong Chen,&nbsp;Dezhong Yao,&nbsp;Li Pu,&nbsp;Hongmei Yan","doi":"10.1155/da/1982576","DOIUrl":"10.1155/da/1982576","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Anhedonia is a core symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD) and is associated with functional impairment, treatment resistance, and relapse. Emerging evidence suggests that anhedonia severity reflects distinct neural alterations; however, current neuromodulation protocols have not yet accounted for this clinical heterogeneity. We investigated whether intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) differentially modulates electroencephalography (EEG) microstate dynamics across anhedonia subtypes and aimed to identify electrophysiological signatures for treatment stratification.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifty MDD patients were stratified into high-anhedonia (HA, <i>n</i> = 25) and low-anhedonia (LA, <i>n</i> = 25) groups based on Snaith–Hamilton pleasure scale (SHAPS) scores, alongside 25 healthy controls (HCs). Clinical assessment and resting-state EEG data were collected at baseline and after a 2-week course of iTBS targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Microstate parameters and transition probabilities (TPs) were analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At baseline, both patient groups showed reductions in microstates, MS_A and MS_D relative to HCs. The HA group additionally exhibited MS_C deficits, whereas the LA group showed MS_B reductions. TPs were decreased in both groups, with broader deficits in the HA group. Following iTBS, most microstate parameters of LA group no longer differed significantly from those of HCs, whereas the HA group exhibited only partial changes, with persistent abnormalities in MS_B duration, MS_C coverage, and MS_D parameters. Correlation analyses further revealed that, in the HA group, greater anhedonia improvement was associated with increased MS_A duration and decreased MS_B duration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>iTBS exerts subtype-specific modulation of large-scale network dynamics in MDD with anhedonia. The LA group demonstrates treatment-associated resolution, whereas the HA group displays enduring integration deficits involving the dorsal attention network (DAN), sensory network (SN), and default mode network (DMN). Notably, in the HA group, clinical improvement correlates with SN reorganization, suggesting that microstate changes may serve as a treatment response marker. MS_D dynamics represent a candidate signature for subtype classification, supporting stratification-guided neuromodulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13591540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149018701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Depression and Survival in Asthma: The Mediating Role of Income","authors":"Zhiyi Wang,&nbsp;Xiaojing Teng","doi":"10.1155/da/8153352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/da/8153352","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Depression is common among individuals with asthma and is linked to increased mortality. However, whether socioeconomic factors contribute to this association remains unclear. We explored whether income may partially account for the association between depressive symptoms and reduced survival in adults with asthma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 4945 asthma patients were included using baseline data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2018 linked to the National Death Index (NDI) mortality follow-up through December 31, 2019. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and mortality was identified through linkage to the NDI. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between depression symptoms and all-cause mortality, and restricted mean survival time (RMST) analysis quantified survival differences over 15 years. Exploratory mediation analysis with quasi-Bayesian simulation was conducted to evaluate whether the poverty-income ratio (PIR) may partially account for the observed association, adjusting for demographic, behavioral, and clinical covariates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Depression was associated with all-cause mortality in asthma patients, and the strength of this association decreased after adjustment for demographic, behavioral, and clinical factors. Over a 15-year period, patients with depression symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) had markedly shorter survival, losing 9.89 months in RMST (155.2 vs. 165.1 months; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). In exploratory mediation analysis, PIR accounted for 23.8% of the observed association between depressive symptoms and reduced survival, suggesting a potential socioeconomic contribution to the survival gap.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Depressive symptoms were associated with reduced survival among adults with asthma, and income may partially account for this observed relationship. These findings should be interpreted cautiously because depressive symptoms and income were measured at baseline, limiting causal interpretation of the mediation analysis. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings and clarify temporal relationships.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/da/8153352","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148994354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Prediction Model for 9-Year Depression Risk Among Patients With COPD in China","authors":"Cui Wang,&nbsp;Mengya Wang,&nbsp;Yanying Bi,&nbsp;Nan Zhang","doi":"10.1155/da/5536644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/da/5536644","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To establish a prediction model for the 9-year risk of depression in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using survey data from a random, nationally representative population of Chinese adults with COPD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from 851 middle-aged and older adults with COPD participating in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were analyzed. Depression risk was described as the development of depression during follow-up among participants who were free of depression risk at baseline (CHARLS 2011) and met the depression risk criteria at the 9-year follow-up (CHARLS 2020). Relationships between candidate predictive factors and depression risk were examined using logistic regression, with bootstrapping applied to validate the final model. Model discrimination was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, while calibration was examined via the Hosmer-Lemeshow test.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 851 participants included in the analysis, 434 developed depression risk during the subsequent 9 years. The final multivariable model incorporated age, educational level, marital status, exercise levels, peak expiratory flow (PEF), and smoking. The discriminative ability of the model was good, with an AUC of 0.717 (95% CI: 0.683–0.751). The Hosmer-Lemeshow test indicated satisfactory calibration (<i>χ</i>² = 9.400, <i>p</i> = 0.310). A simple clinical scoring system was also developed to facilitate quantitative estimation of depression risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This predictive model may facilitate earlier identification of COPD patients likely to develop depression within 9 years and may help inform targeted preventive interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/da/5536644","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148994527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Prefrontal Structural Asymmetry Mediates Body Mass Index and Treatment Response in Major Depressive Disorder”","authors":"","doi":"10.1155/da/9875465","DOIUrl":"10.1155/da/9875465","url":null,"abstract":"<p>K. Qiao, Z. Zang, Y. Wang, et al., “Prefrontal Structural Asymmetry Mediates Body Mass Index and Treatment Response in Major Depressive Disorder,” <i>Depression and Anxiety</i> 2026 (2026): 9924894, https://doi.org/10.1155/da/9924894.</p><p>In the article titled “Prefrontal Structural Asymmetry Mediates Body Mass Index and Treatment Response in Major Depressive Disorder,” there was an error in the author name in the author list and affiliation. The correct author list and affialition as shown below:</p><p>Kaini Qiao, Zhenxiang Zang, Yun Wang, Xiongying Chen, Ke Liu, Zhifang Zhang, Rui Liu, Dong Li, Yanting Luo, Le Xiao, Xuequan Zhu, Jingjing Zhou, Zhi Yang, Gang Wang</p><p>Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Research and Development for Mental Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders; National Center for Mental Disorders; Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China</p><p>We apologize for these errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13576627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148978769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered Functional Connectivity and Small-World Network Properties in MDD With Daytime Sleepiness: Implications for Anhedonia","authors":"Yifei Li,&nbsp;Shukun Zhu,&nbsp;Qinghong Hu,&nbsp;Peng Fang,&nbsp;Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Jiajia Zhu,&nbsp;Dao-min Zhu","doi":"10.1155/da/9599586","DOIUrl":"10.1155/da/9599586","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Approximately 37.4% to 57.1% of people with major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibit symptoms of daytime sleepiness (DS). Patients with MDD with concurrent DS tend to have worse clinical outcomes and often experience severe anhedonia. As a key symptom of MDD, anhedonia is strongly associated with its severity. The aim of this study was to clarify the neuroimaging mechanisms of DS symptoms in MDD patients with anhedonia.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A total of 22 patients were recruited into the DS group (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS] score ≥ 7), and 45 patients were included in the no DS group (No DS) in this cross-sectional study. All subjects underwent resting state functional MRI, polysomnography (PSG) and clinical scale assessments. Anhedonia is assessed using the Revised Social Anhedonia Scale (RSAS), Revised Physical Anhedonia Scale (RPAS), and Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS). Employing the Dosenbach 160-node atlas, we obtained whole-brain functional networks and extracted topological features (global efficiency [Eglob], local efficiency [Eloc], path length [Lp], and clustering coefficient [Cp]) using a graph-theoretic approach. Group comparisons, covariate-adjusted regression analyses, and mediation analysis were performed to examine the association between ESS, anhedonia, and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC)–posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) functional connectivity (FC).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The two groups were comparable for demographic and clinical characteristics, with no differences in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) or Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) scores or polysomnographic parameters. The DS group scored higher on the RPAS, while social and temporal anhedonia did not differ between groups. After adjusting for relevant clinical and medication covariates, continuous ESS scores remained independently associated with RPAS. In terms of brain networks, the DS group showed reduced FC between the default mode network (DMN) and frontoparietal network (FPN)—primarily linking the vlPFC with the PCC and precuneus—as well as within and between posterior parieto-occipital and visual networks (VNs). The DS group also exhibited extensive reductions in Eglob, Eloc, and Cp, with prolonged Lp. Mediation analysis revealed that vlPFC–PCC FC significantly mediated the association between ESS and RPAS.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;MDD patients with DS exhibit more severe physical anhedonia, which may be associated with reduced indicato","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13575881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148978761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Sleep and Circadian Biomarker-Based Predictive Model for Differentiating Unipolar and Bipolar Depression","authors":"Jeanne Leseur,&nbsp;Pierre A. Geoffroy,&nbsp;Anne Perozziello,&nbsp;Delfine Abderrahmane,&nbsp;Héloïse Rach,&nbsp;Michel Lejoyeux,&nbsp;Marie Pia d’Ortho,&nbsp;Justine Frija,&nbsp;Julia Maruani","doi":"10.1155/da/5556144","DOIUrl":"10.1155/da/5556144","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background/Study Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Differentiating unipolar depression (UDD) from bipolar depression (BDD) remains a major clinical challenge with important treatment implications. Sleep-related markers, both subjective (such as hypersomnia in BDD and insomnia in UDD) and objective (actigraphy, polysomnography [PSG]), show promise, yet no study has integrated these approaches into a single predictive model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with DSM-5-TR-defined UDD or BDD in a depressive episode underwent clinical, questionnaire, actigraphy, and PSG assessments. Discriminating variables were entered into a backward stepwise logistic regression (BSLR) to derive the optimal classification model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study drew on 159 patients: 43 with BDD (42 actigraphy, 20 PSG) and 116 with UDD (93 actigraphy, 44 PSG). Compared to BDD, patients with UDD reported poorer sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index [PSQI]), more severe insomnia (insomnia severity index [ISI]), and lower sleep efficiency (SE, actigraphy). Patients with BDD showed longer total rest time per 24 h, lower average activity during the least active 5-h period (L5) and the 10 most active hours (M10), and higher N2% and total NREM sleep (PSG). Six variables were retained in the final BSLR model, explaining 49.4% of the variance. The most discriminative were higher PSQI/ISI and lower actigraphic SE in UDD, versus longer rest time, lower L5 activity, and higher N2% in BDD. The model showed excellent discriminative ability (AUC = 0.926, sensitivity = 0.882, specificity = 0.895, Youden’s index = 0.777), with strong predictive values (positive predictive value [PPV] = 88.3%, negative predictive value [NPV] = 89.5%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Integrating subjective, actigraphic, and polysomnographic markers provides a promising, noninvasive approach to differentiate UDD from BDD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13579109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148992395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping Sex Differences in Depression, Anxiety, and Co-Occurring Symptoms in Adults Under Stress: A Bayesian Network Approach","authors":"Jingchu Hu,&nbsp;Yiting Huang,&nbsp;Marlon Westhoff,&nbsp;Qingzhuo Ren,&nbsp;Stefan G. Hofmann","doi":"10.1155/da/6640438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/da/6640438","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sex differences in the prevalence and presentation of depression and anxiety are well-established, yet disparities in the underlying network structure and potential causal relationships between symptoms, particularly under significant stress, remain less understood. Understanding these network differences is crucial for elucidating mechanisms and tailoring interventions. This study explored sex differences in the network structure of depression, anxiety, and co-occurring symptoms (posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] symptoms, insomnia, and fear reactions) in an adult population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults (<i>N</i> = 1,191, 684 women, aged 18–40) in Shanghai during a period of significant acute public health stress (pandemic citywide lockdown). Participants reported symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ]), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder [GAD]), PTSD (intrusion, avoidance), insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index [ISI]), and fear reactions. Partial correlation networks examined overall symptom connectivity. Bayesian network (BN) analysis generated directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to infer potential directional dependencies. Analyses were conducted by sex.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Distinct sex-specific symptom network patterns emerged. Anxiety and intrusion symptoms were most central for women, while depression was most central for men. Overall network connectivity was significantly higher in women. Critically, BN analysis identified a more complex architecture of probabilistic dependencies in women, evidenced by a greater number of directed edges compared to men. The men’s DAG indicated a relatively sparse structure with fewer directional pathways between symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Men and women exhibited distinct distress symptom network structures under acute stress. Specifically, anxiety and intrusion emerged as central nodes in women, indicating that they may represent promising intervention targets to prevent symptom escalation, while depressive symptoms were more central to men. These findings highlight the importance of sex-sensitive psychological first aid during public health crises and establish an empirical foundation for the development of sex-informed, process-oriented interventions in future research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/da/6640438","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensory Processing Profiles in Depression: Evidence of Dynamic Changes and Clinical Correlates Over 3 Months","authors":"Aude Paquet,&nbsp;Lucia Fiegl,&nbsp;Brigitte Plansont,&nbsp;Charlotte Bessaguet,&nbsp;Aude Gauthier,&nbsp;Benjamin Laplace","doi":"10.1155/da/8238928","DOIUrl":"10.1155/da/8238928","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sensory processing difficulties are increasingly recognized in major depressive disorder (MDD), with patients often exhibiting heightened sensitivity, avoidance, and low registration. However, the temporal stability of these patterns—trait vs. state—remains unclear.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this longitudinal study, 45 adult inpatients with MDD were assessed using the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP) at admission and 3 months later; 34 completed both assessments. Clinical variables included depression (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale [HDRS-17]), anxiety (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale [HARS]), anhedonia (Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale [SHAPS]), self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Inventory [RSEI]), and psychomotor retardation (Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation [CORE]). Nonparametric tests examined sensory changes and associations with clinical outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At follow-up, 61.8% of participants showed clinical improvement and 44.1% achieved remission. Significant decreases in low registration and sensory sensitivity, along with increased sensation seeking, indicated that sensory processing is dynamic and partially state-dependent. Sensory avoidance remained stable and was more pronounced in recurrent MDD. Patients with clinical improvement or remission had sensory profiles closer to normative ranges. Higher sensitivity and avoidance correlated with more severe depression, anxiety, and lower self-esteem, while greater sensation seeking was associated with better outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sensory processing profiles in MDD are state-dependent and linked to clinical changes. These findings support the relevance of sensory traits as potential clinical markers and therapeutic targets. Personalized interventions addressing sensory processing may contribute to improved treatment outcomes. Further longitudinal and multimodal research is needed to clarify their predictive value.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05686668</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13542990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148898355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Child-To-Adult Body Size Change and Risk of Depression and Anxiety: A Large Prospective Cohort Study","authors":"Ke Peng,&nbsp;Jian Peng,&nbsp;Minzhi Xu,&nbsp;Yun Liu,&nbsp;Yanhong Gong","doi":"10.1155/da/6154705","DOIUrl":"10.1155/da/6154705","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Body size across the life course has been associated with long-term mental health outcomes, yet most previous studies have examined body size at a single developmental stage. Whether changes in relative body size from childhood to adulthood represent a distinct life-course marker of vulnerability to later depression and anxiety remains insufficiently understood. We examined the associations between child-to-adult body size changes and the risk of depression and anxiety and explored whether lifestyle factors and chronic diseases partly explained these associations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study included 447,821 participants from the UK Biobank. Childhood body size at age 10 years was retrospectively self-reported as relative body size, and adult body size was assessed using measured body mass index (BMI) at baseline. Depression and anxiety were identified from electronic health records questionnaires, including the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate associations with incident diagnoses, and mixed-effects linear regression models were used to examine symptom severity scores. Exploratory mediation analyses were conducted to assess the extent to which lifestyle factors and chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD), statistically accounted for the observed associations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the fully adjusted models, child_Low–adult_High group had the highest risk of major depression (HR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.79−2.01) and anxiety (HR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.48−1.68) compared with the child_Average–adult_Average group. Unhealthy lifestyle factors and chronic diseases together statistically accounted for 21.9% of the association between the child_Low–adult_High group and major depression and 22.2% of the association between the child_Low–adult_High group and anxiety.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Distinct body size changes from childhood to adulthood are associated with differential risks of depression and anxiety. Individuals transitioning from childhood leanness to adult heaviness may represent a particularly vulnerable life-course group. These findings support the importance of life-course approaches to understanding mental health vulnerability and identifying opportunities for early prevention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13540993/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148889472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}