Depression and Anxiety最新文献

{"title":"Bidirectional Dynamics Between Stress-Reactive Rumination and Negative Affect: Evidence From a Multimethods Study in Individuals With High Trait Anxiety","authors":"Zhu Qingzi,&nbsp;Peng Lanxin,&nbsp;Niu Lijing,&nbsp;Zeng Yuanyuan,&nbsp;Chen Xiayan,&nbsp;Chen Zini,&nbsp;Dai Haowei,&nbsp;Zhang Ruibin","doi":"10.1155/da/2503361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/da/2503361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Background:</b> Stress-reactive rumination (SR)—the tendency to repetitively think about stressors—has been proposed as a key cognitive mechanism linking trait anxiety to persistent negative affect (NA). However, the dynamic and context-dependent nature of this relationship remains unclear. This study employed a multimethod experimental design to investigate the manifestation of SR in individuals with high trait anxiety (HTA) across different contexts and to examine whether SR and NA demonstrate a bidirectional predictive relationship over time.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> A total of 62 participants (31 with high and 31 with low trait anxiety (LTA), respectively) completed a 14-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) four times/day to record dynamic fluctuations in SR and NA over time in daily life. Afterward, participants underwent the Trier social stress test (TSST) to examine SR and NA responses under acute laboratory stress. Cross-lagged models assessed temporal associations between SR and NA in both contexts.</p><p><b>Results:</b> EMA data showed that individuals with HTA reported significantly higher SR and NA than their low anxiety counterparts (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Cross-lagged analyses revealed a significant bidirectional predictive relationship between SR and NA, although this relationship was present only in the HTA group (SR → NA: <i>b</i> = 0.159, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; NA → SR: <i>b</i> = 0.072, <i>p</i> = 0.038). In the laboratory, SR and NA were successfully induced by stress, particularly in the HTA group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), but cross-lagged effects were not observed.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> In individuals with HTA, SR demonstrates both persistence and context-dependent reactivity. The observed reciprocal dynamics between SR and NA in real-life settings underscore the role of attentional control deficits in maintaining emotional dysregulation. Interventions targeting SR may disrupt this maladaptive cycle and reduce anxiety vulnerability.</p>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/da/2503361","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144927301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vortioxetine Improves Brain Glymphatic System Function, Functional Connectivity, and Cognitive Functions in Major Depressive Disorder","authors":"Zixuan Guo,&nbsp;Xinyue Tang,&nbsp;Shuming Zhong,&nbsp;Guanmao Chen,&nbsp;Pan Chen,&nbsp;Chao Chen,&nbsp;Ruoyi Chen,&nbsp;Li Huang,&nbsp;Yanbin Jia,&nbsp;Ying Wang","doi":"10.1155/da/1990117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/da/1990117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Background:</b> The therapeutic effects of vortioxetine on mood and cognition have been documented in major depressive disorder (MDD). This study aims to examine whether vortioxetine can improve brain glymphatic system function and connections among functional brain networks and to explore the underlying relationships among these changes.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> A total of 34 patients with MDD and 41 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited in the study. All participants underwent mood and cognitive assessment, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting-state functional MRI scans at baseline and 8-week follow-up. The DTI analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index, and functional connectivity (FC) were assessed. Cognitive assessment was conducted using the Chinese version of Measurement Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Correlation analysis was subsequently performed to explore underlying association among these indexes.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Compared to HCs, patients with MDD showed decreased DTI-ALPS indexes at baseline; patients with MDD showed increased the default mode network (DMN) FC between the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)–precuneus; patients with MDD displayed decreased attention/vigilance, verbal learning, visual learning, social cognition, and global cognition. Treatment with vortioxetine, patients with MDD displayed reduced depressive symptoms, increased DTI-ALPS indexes, decreased DMN FC, and improved attention/vigilance, verbal learning, visual learning, social cognition, and global cognition. Moreover, the increased DTI-ALPS indexes correlated with improved global cognition, and decreased DMN FC in MDD, respectively.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> The current study indicated vortioxetine improves glymphatic system function and brain connections within the DMN in MDD. Furthermore, the restoration of glymphatic function is linked to improved brain function and cognition.</p><p><b>Trial Registration</b>: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: ChiCTR2200057820</p>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/da/1990117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144918742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Pain and Late-Life Depression are Positively Associated in Chinese Centenarians and Oldest-Old Adults","authors":"Shihui Fu,&nbsp;Youchen Zhang,&nbsp;Kaifei Wang,&nbsp;Wenjun Lei,&nbsp;Qiong Liu,&nbsp;Jinwen Tian,&nbsp;Bo Li,&nbsp;Tianyang Yun,&nbsp;Yali Zhao,&nbsp;Jiacai Lin,&nbsp;Yunqi Li,&nbsp;Long Feng","doi":"10.1155/da/5565953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/da/5565953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Objectives:</b> Aging is an inevitable process. Chronic pain and late-life depression frequently coexist in older adults. This study was aimed to explore the association between chronic pain and late-life depression in Chinese centenarians and oldest-old adults.</p><p><b>Study Design:</b> According to the list provided by the Department of Civil Affairs, a household survey was conducted on all centenarian and oldest-old adults residing in 18 cities and counties of Hainan Province.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> The household survey method was used to collect basic information with interview questionnaires, physical examinations, and blood tests conducted by systematically trained doctors and nurses. This study used visual analog scales and numerical rating scale for pain assessment. Geriatric depression scale (GDS) was used for the evaluation of depression.</p><p><b>Results:</b> All 1324 older adults had a median age of 91 years, ranging from 80 to 116 years. Among them, 349 older adults (26.4%) have depression, and 507 (38.3%) suffer from chronic pain. Comorbidity rate of chronic pain and late-life depression was 12.6% (167 participants). Furthermore, late-life depression (odds ratio [OR]: 1.591, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.218–2.078, and <i>p</i> = 0.001) was significantly and positively associated with chronic pain in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Chronic pain (OR: 1.581, 95% CI: 1.210–2.067, and <i>p</i> = 0.001) was significant and positive factor associated with late-life depression in multivariate logistic regression analysis.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> This study demonstrated that chronic pain and late-life depression are positively associated in Chinese centenarians and oldest-old adults. This suggests that the management of pain should be considered when treating late-life depression in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/da/5565953","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144910201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy on Depressive and Anxiety Behaviors in Offspring: A Meta-analysis","authors":"Kui Zhang,&nbsp;Yu Wang,&nbsp;Zhilong Shu,&nbsp;Ying Huang,&nbsp;Lixiang Feng,&nbsp;Wenxing Yang","doi":"10.1155/da/2168791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/da/2168791","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Smoking during pregnancy is known to adversely affect offspring health; however, the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and the risk of depression and anxiety in offspring remains inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to clarify this relationship. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and OVID databases for articles published between 2000 and 2024. The odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the association. A total of 11 studies involving 1,775,220 participants met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed that maternal smoking during pregnancy was significantly associated with an increased risk of depression in offspring (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.09–1.63). Stratified analysis by cigaret consumption dose showed that heavy maternal smoking (≥ 10 cigarets/day) further increased the risk of both depression (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.21–2.14) and anxiety (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.32–1.72) in offspring. In conclusion, this meta-analysis provides evidence that maternal smoking during pregnancy may elevate the risk of depression and anxiety in offspring, particularly with heavy smoking. Preventing maternal smoking and reducing exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy could have significant benefits for offspring mental health and well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/da/2168791","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144905418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing Test Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study of Evening Bright Light Exposure in University Students","authors":"Maximilian Dick,&nbsp;Helmut K. Lackner,&nbsp;Elisabeth M. Weiss,&nbsp;Markus Canazei","doi":"10.1155/da/1422406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/da/1422406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Background:</b> University students often experience high levels of stress and anxiety during exam periods, adversely affecting their well-being and academic performance. This study investigated the short-term effects of evening bright light (BL) exposure on several psychophysiological stress measures during exam preparation.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> In this preregistered randomized controlled pilot study, 35 university students were assigned either to an intervention group exposed to BL (1500 lx, 4000 K; <i>n</i> = 18) or a control light (CL) group with standard lighting (100 lx, 3000 K; <i>n</i> = 17) for 4 h over five consecutive evenings. Outcomes included questionnaires (test anxiety, general anxiety, psychological distress), cognitive performance (2-back, go-/no-go task [GNT]), physiological stress (heart rate variability [HRV]), and subjective and objective sleep quality measures (actigraphy).</p><p><b>Results:</b> The BL group showed significant reductions in test anxiety by the last evening. Both groups improved in working memory performance over time. HRV analysis revealed mixed results, with some indications of reduced stress in the BL group on the first day. No adverse effects of evening BL were found on sleep parameters, and participants reported significantly higher satisfaction with the BL exposure.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Evening BL exposure during exam preparation may help reduce test anxiety without significantly disrupting sleep. Although cognitive performance effects were limited, the perceived usefulness suggests that BL could be a well-accepted supportive measure for students during stressful academic periods. Further research is needed to optimize light-based interventions for student well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/da/1422406","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144897285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing Psychiatric Disorders Through Graph Neural Networks: A Functional Connectivity Analysis of Depression and Schizophrenia","authors":"Ji-Won Lee,&nbsp;Ye-Eun Kim,&nbsp;Mikhail Votinov,&nbsp;Minghao Xu,&nbsp;Sun-Young Kim,&nbsp;Munseob Lee,&nbsp;Lisa Wagels,&nbsp;Ute Habel,&nbsp;Han-Gue Jo","doi":"10.1155/da/9062022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/da/9062022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are among the most debilitating psychiatric disorders, characterized by widespread disruptions in large-scale brain networks. However, the commonalities and distinctions in their large-scale network distributions remain unclear. The present study aimed to leverage advanced deep learning techniques to identify these common and distinct patterns, providing insights into the shared and disorder-specific neural mechanisms underlying MDD and SZ. Recent advances in graph neural networks (GNNs) offer a powerful framework for analyzing brain connectivity patterns, enabling automated learning of complex, high-dimensional network features. In this study, we applied state-of-art GNN architectures to classify MDD and SZ patients from healthy controls (HCs), respectively, using a multisite resting-state fMRI dataset. The attention-based hierarchical pooling GNN (SAGPool) model achieved the highest performance, with mean accuracies of 71.50% for MDD and 75.65% for SZ classification. Using a perturbation-based explainability method, we identified prominent functional connections driving model decisions, revealing distinct patterns of the large-scale network disruption across disorders. In MDD, alterations were dominantly observed in the default mode network (DMN), whereas SZ exhibited prominent alterations in the ventral attention network (VAN). Notably, specific functional connections identified by our model showed significant correlations with clinical symptoms, particularly positive and general symptoms measured by the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) in SZ patients. Our findings demonstrate the utility of GNNs for uncovering complex connectivity patterns in psychiatric disorders and provide novel insights into the distinct neural mechanisms underlying MDD and SZ. These results highlight the potential of graph-based models as tools for both diagnostic classification and biomarker discovery in psychiatric research.</p>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/da/9062022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Bridge Symptoms in Postpartum Women With Comorbid Postpartum Depression and Postpartum Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder","authors":"Wei Wei,&nbsp;Meidi Xiong,&nbsp;Miao Tian,&nbsp;Ping Liu,&nbsp;Chunhua Zhou,&nbsp;Huijun Cheng,&nbsp;Chunhua Zhang","doi":"10.1155/da/5629630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/da/5629630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Background:</b> Postpartum depression (PPD) and postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder (PP-PTSD) are prevalent among women. However, the specific symptoms that serve as bridges remain unknown between these two disorders.</p><p><b>Aim:</b> The objective of this study is to establish a symptom network model for PPD and PP-PTSD and investigate the bridge symptoms and their interrelationships in cases of comorbid PPD and PP-PTSD.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Wuhan from March 2024 to November 2024. PPD was evaluated using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and PP-PTSD was measured using the Chinese version of the Perinatal PTSD Questionnaire. The “Postpartum Depression–Postpartum Post-traumatic Stress Disorder” network model was constructed and analyzed using R software version 4.2.3.</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> Healthcare professionals should focus on the severe bridge symptoms reported by postpartum women. To enhance awareness and alleviate anxiety levels, it is advisable to implement positive psychological interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/da/5629630","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144881288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Specificity of Metacognition Questionnaire-30 Subdimensions: Findings From Connectome-Based Predictive Modeling","authors":"Ruocen Hu,&nbsp;Meng Yu,&nbsp;Liangfang Li,&nbsp;Hui He,&nbsp;Sihan Wei,&nbsp;Junji Ma,&nbsp;Yue Gu,&nbsp;Zhengjia Dai","doi":"10.1155/da/5581270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/da/5581270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Background:</b> The maladaptive metacognition measured by the Metacognition Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) is often linked to a wide range of affective disorders. However, few studies have elucidated the neural underpinnings of different metacognition subdimensions. Additionally, the relationship between these functional neural bases and longitudinal changes in individual emotional distresses remains unclear.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> A total of 180 college students completed brain imaging and a battery of behavioral assessments. Employing the connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM), we delineated the functional connectivity (FC) network of each metacognition subdimension. Then, the mediation model was used to explore the relationships between FC networks, metacognition subdimensions, and emotional distresses.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Default mode network (DMN) was found to be the general network of three significant subdimensions. Specifically, the FC network of cognitive self-consciousness (CSC) was scattered and mainly relied on DMN and frontoparietal network; need to control thoughts (NC) was largely consisted of the correlates between DMN and ventral attention network (VAN); negative beliefs about uncontrollability and danger of worry (NEG) was primarily associated with DMN and its correlates with visual network. CSC, NC, and NEG could mediate the relationship between the corresponding FC network and emotional distresses. Additionally, the CSC related and NEG related FCs could effectively predict the change of anxiety positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA).</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> These findings demonstrated the common and distinct FC bases of maladaptive metacognition. The excessive FCs of CSC and NEG might be responsible for impaired self-check-related ability and further increase the risk of several affective disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/da/5581270","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Medication in Individuals With Depression and Symptoms of Depression in the European Union: Prevalence and Associated Factors","authors":"Spencer Yeamans,&nbsp;Pilar Carrasco-Garrido,&nbsp;Valentín Hernández-Barrera,&nbsp;Ángel Gil-De-Miguel","doi":"10.1155/da/4661541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/da/4661541","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Depression is a growing public health problem in the European Union (EU), with many individuals turning to self-medication (SM) to manage their symptoms. This cross-sectional study uses data from the third wave of the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS; 2018–2020) to examine the prevalence and determinants of SM among people with recognized depression and depressive symptoms. A total of 25,701 respondents were analyzed. Prevalence of SM among individuals with recognized depression and symptoms of depression in the EU is 38.46% in men and 46.84% in women, varying considerably between countries. An important finding of this study is the impact of medication availability, with access to over-the-counter (OTC) medications outside of pharmacies nearly doubling SM likelihood (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.98). Additionally, the results reveal marked differences in how these men and women self-medicate. Specifically, women are more likely to self-medicate with depressive symptoms versus recognized depression (AOR = 1.28), whereas the opposite is observed in men (AOR = 0.69). Among women, younger age groups with depression symptoms are particularly likely to self-medicate (15–24 AOR = 1.60; 25–44 AOR = 1.93) and the results reinforce education as a strong predictor of SM (higher education vs. no education AOR = 5.63). Visits to medical/surgical specialists are also linked to SM in women (AOR = 1.32). This study also highlights potentially concerning relationships between SM and alcohol use in men with recognized depression (AOR = 1.42) and prescribed medicine (AOR = 1.68). Differences are also observable in the effect of employment on SM (AOR = 1.45) in men with depression symptoms and women with recognized depression. In contrast, physical activity (PA; high vs. low AOR = 1.32) and healthcare barriers (distance/transportation issues AOR = 1.89 in women; AOR = 1.55 in men, inability to afford care AOR = 1.38) display similar positive associations in men and women. Taken together, these findings underscore the complex and multifaceted nature of SM and point to potential gaps in depression care across the EU, emphasizing the need for gender-sensitive public health strategies and a closer look at OTC medication access.</p>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/da/4661541","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Managing Subclinical Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Raffy C. F. Chan,&nbsp;Ming Chen,&nbsp;Jacqueline L. M. Chan,&nbsp;David H. K. Shum,&nbsp;Yuan Cao","doi":"10.1155/da/1610909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/da/1610909","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent research has emphasized the continuum of depression, highlighting the significance of early intervention for subclinical depression. However, previous studies often focused on specific populations or lacked comparisons across participants and intervention characteristics in the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). This systematic review and meta-analysis (CRD42024498284) aimed to address these gaps by examining the effectiveness of CBT in managing subclinical depression and its potential for preventing the transition to major depression. A comprehensive search across seven databases from inception to March 2025, identified 23 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 5877 participants. Meta-regression, sensitivity analysis, and funnel plots were utilized to assess heterogeneity, publication bias, and study quality. CBT significantly improved subclinical depressive symptoms (at postassessment: <i>g</i> = −0.89; 95% confidence interval (CI) = −1.57 to −0.20 and follow-up: <i>g</i> = −0.56; 95% CI: −0.93 to −0.18) and anxiety symptoms (at postassessment: <i>g</i> = −0.92; 95% CI: −1.84 to −0.00 and follow-up: <i>g</i> = −0.70; 95% CI: −1.15 to −0.25), but had no notable impact on quality of life. Meta-regression analysis identified the number of CBT sessions as factors influencing CBT effectiveness in managing depressive symptoms. While there are statistically significant results (RR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.50–0.77) indicating CBT’s preventive efficacy in transitioning from subclinical to major depression, evidences were limited by the self-reporting data. The majority of included studies came from Europe which limited generalizability, and comparisons between different types of CBT, education levels, and CBT components were limited. In general, CBT has been demonstrated to be effective in managing depressive symptoms over time. Additional research, particularly from diverse regions and comparative studies between CBT and alternative treatments, is imperative to overcome the current study’s limitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/da/1610909","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}