Depression and Anxiety最新文献

{"title":"Present Focus Moderated the Relationship Between Academic Stress, Self-Stigma, and Anxiety Level: A Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Minqi Yang, Shuai Luo, Miao Miao, Peng Han, Linxi Yan, Guofang Wang","doi":"10.1155/da/7831491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/da/7831491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study was mainly aimed to explore reciprocally temporal relationships between academic stress, self-stigma, and anxiety level, and the moderating effect of present focus among high school students with learning difficulties (LDs). Academic stress, self-stigma, anxiety level, and present focus were measured at Time 1 (T1) and Time 2 (T2, 5 weeks later) among 3000 senior high school students in Liaoning, China. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), the researchers conducted cross-lag analyses of academic stress, self-stigma, and anxiety level among two samples of the selected 735 students with LDs (M ± SD = 16.32 ± 0.97 [years]) and 733 students with excellent performance, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the positively simultaneous and successive correlations between academic stress, self-stigma, and anxiety level of the students with LDs were significant. Cross-lagged analysis showed that, among the students with LDs, academic stress at T1 only had a positive relationship with academic stress at T2 (<i>β</i> = 0.36, <i>p</i> < 0.001), whereas self-stigma at T1 had positively predictive links to self-stigma (<i>β</i> = 0.42, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and anxiety level (<i>β</i> = 0.08, <i>p</i> = 0.031) at T2, and anxiety level at T1 had positively predictive links to anxiety level (<i>β</i> = 0.37, <i>p</i> < 0.001), academic stress (<i>β</i> = 0.13, <i>p</i> = 0.001), and self-stigma (<i>β</i> = 0.10, <i>p</i> = 0.006) at T2. Whereas among the students with excellent performance, academic stress at T1 was positively related to academic stress (<i>β</i> = 0.39, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and anxiety level (<i>β</i> = 0.09, <i>p</i> = 0.015) at T2, anxiety level at T1 was also positively linked to anxiety level (<i>β</i> = 0.35, <i>p</i> < 0.001), academic stress (<i>β</i> = 0.13, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and self-stigma (<i>β</i> = 0.10, <i>p</i> = 0.026) at T2, whereas self-stigma at T1 only had a reciprocal relationship with itself (<i>β</i> = 0.49, <i>p</i> < 0.001) at T2. Besides, high present focus at T2 exaggerated the temporal association of academic stress at T1 with anxiety level at T2 among students with LDs (<i>β</i> = 0.01, <i>t</i> = 2.07, <i>p</i> = 0.039, 95% CI [0.001, 0.024]). This investigation elucidated the dynamic patterns of anxiety level, offering a nuanced comprehension of its relationship with academic stress and self-stigma, and the moderating role of present focus. Moreover, the results hold implications for the prevention and intervention targeting the reduction of anxiety among students with LDs and students with excellent performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2026 ","pages":"7831491"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13108245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147789932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rumination Out Loud? Linguistic, Neural, and Psychophysiological Correlates of the Think-Aloud Paradigm.","authors":"Isabell Int-Veen, Andreas J Fallgatter, Ann-Christine Ehlis, David Rosenbaum","doi":"10.1155/da/8855110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/da/8855110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stress and rumination are closely linked and contribute to the development and maintenance of mental disorders, yet assessing rumination in an ecologically valid way remains challenging. Conducting the think aloud paradigm (TAP) following the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) allows for the real-time evaluation of ruminative responses, providing insights beyond traditional self-report measures. This study aimed to investigate ruminative responses to the TSST using the TAP, while simultaneously assessing psychological (stress, affect, state rumination), physiological (heart rate), and neural data with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). For this, a total of 58 healthy participants (mean age 23.47 years (<i>SD</i> = 3.87), 63.8% females) completed a 10-min resting-state period both before and after the TSST, verbalizing their thoughts. In response to the TSST, we observed significant increases in stress, state rumination, negative affect, heart rate, and cortical oxygenation in all regions of interest except the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), reflecting a successful stress induction. Although we observed higher stress, state rumination, and negative affect, alongside lower positive affect in high ruminators using questionnaires, linguistic evaluation of the verbalized thought content showed no significant time effects but revealed generally lower sentiment scores for high ruminators and only partly showed differences dependent on trait rumination levels. With respect to neural correlates, we observed prefrontal hypoactivation under stress in medium and high compared to low ruminators. Comparing the results with previous studies, the administration of the TAP following the TSST seems to function as a form of emotion regulation, thereby reducing state rumination. Further studies are required to explore the underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2026 ","pages":"8855110"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13106887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147789870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stronger Activation of the Right Primary Motor Cortex in the Early Processing Stage of Negative Emotional Scenes Stimulation.","authors":"Haijiang Meng, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Jian Zhang, Chaoying Zheng","doi":"10.1155/da/2386445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/da/2386445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To identify threatening emotional information in a natural scene and form a rapid behavioral response, which is crucial for individual survival. The motor cortex is thought to play a key role in this process. However, little research has addressed differences in the motor system responses to valence-specific emotional stimuli across multiple temporal windows.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-eight participants were asked to complete the emotional picture classification task, and then triggered the single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation in a specific time window after various emotional pictures were presented, to evaluate the excitability of left and right primary motor cortex (M1) in different time windows after emotional picture presentation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the early time window (150 ms), the right side of M1 was more excited when viewing negative emotional pictures than neutral emotional pictures and positive emotional pictures, while in the late time window (350 ms), the right side of M1 was more excited when viewing negative emotional pictures than neutral emotional pictures, and the excitability of right-side M1 was higher when viewing positive and negative emotion pictures, but there was no significant difference in the excitability of right-side M1 induced by emotional pictures in the medium-term time window (250 ms).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The response of motor system to emotional stimulation is mainly reflected in the right hemisphere. In the early time window, negative emotional stimuli elicited a stronger response in right M1, whereas in the late time window, positive and negative emotional stimuli elicited a similar response in right M1. These findings may shed light on the neural basis of emotional motor biases, which could be disrupted in mood disorders like depression and anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2026 ","pages":"2386445"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13096725/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147789896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint Association of Household Pesticide Exposure With Depression in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis From National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2014.","authors":"Mingjun Chen, Hengheng Dai, ZhanQi Tong, Mingxiong Lin","doi":"10.1155/da/4872833","DOIUrl":"10.1155/da/4872833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the association between household pesticide exposure and depression risk in adults, with a particular focus on sex- and age-specific vulnerabilities. The analysis utilized integrated biomarker assessment and advanced mixture modeling techniques.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional data from 6502 adults (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [NHANES] 2007-2014) were analyzed. Household pesticide exposure was evaluated through self-reports as well as urinary metabolites (DEET, DCBA, DHMB, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid [3-PBA], 4F-3-PBA, and cis-DCBA). To assess exposure-response relationships, nonlinear trends, and mixture effects while adjusting for sociodemographic factors, lifestyle choices, and clinical covariates, we employed survey-weighted logistic regression models along with restricted cubic spline (RCS), Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Self-reported pesticide exposure demonstrated a marginal association with depression (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91-2.25). Urinary pyrethroid metabolite 3-PBA exhibited dose-dependent relationships with depression (OR = 1.02 per 1 μg/L; 95% CI: 1.00-1.04). Notable sex-specific vulnerabilities were identified; females exhibited stronger associations with both 3-PBA (OR = 1.04) and 4F-3-PBA (OR = 1.69), whereas males showed heightened sensitivity to DCBA (weight = 0.35). Mixture analyses indicated joint effects involving DHMB and 3-PBA as notable contributors to the observed outcomes. Additionally, fatigue (OR = 1.26), self-blame (OR = 1.30), and appetite disturbances (OR = 1.17) statistically contributed to pesticide exposure. Nonlinear dose-response patterns were particularly evident among males and younger adults.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This cross-sectional analysis demonstrates an association between exposure to household pesticides, particularly pyrethroids, and an increased risk of depression, with variation across demographic groups. These findings underscore the need for further longitudinal investigation to establish causality and understand the implications of pesticide usage on public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2026 ","pages":"4872833"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13087505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased Glymphatic System Activity and Hypothalamic Connectivity in Patients With Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder.","authors":"Chengxiang Liu, Xiaowen Xu, Yujia Li, Sirui Chen, Dongmei Liu, Yintao Liu, Jingdong Lu, Peng Liu, Hai Liao","doi":"10.1155/da/3641238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/da/3641238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), which is an emotional disorder characterized by symptoms of irritability, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Advanced neuroimaging findings provided insights into the neurobiological underpinnings of PMDD. However, the role of the glymphatic system and hypothalamus-related functional connectivity (FC) remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the abnormalities of glymphatic system and hypothalamus-related FC in PMDD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, 23 PMDD patients and 27 healthy controls (HCs) underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. The DTI along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) indices were used as an indirect evaluation of glymphatic function. Altered hypothalamus-related FC was detected between PMDD patients and HCs, and machine learning was performed to assess the classification performance of these FC abnormalities in distinguishing PMDD patients from HCs. Leave-one-out cross-validation was used for modal validation. Classification accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were evaluated. Furthermore, the associations between DTI-ALPS index, clinical features, and hypothalamus-seeded FC were explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to HCs, PMDD patients exhibited: (1) significantly higher value of left DTI-ALPS index; (2) increased intrinsic connectivity between the hypothalamus and anterior/middle cingulate cortex (ACC/MCC), middle frontal cortex (MFC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), insula, inferior temporal cortex (ITC), inferior parietal lobe (IPL), caudate, lentiform nucleus, and thalamus. The right and mean DTI-ALPS indices were positively correlated with the hypothalamus-right ACC/MCC FC in PMDD patients. Significantly positive correlations were observed between the hypothalamus-right ITC FC and anxiety, depression scores, as well as between the hypothalamus-bilateral lentiform nucleus FC and severity of symptoms in PMDD patients. Hypothalamus-related FC showed superior discriminative ability in differentiating PMDD patients from HCs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The increased glymphatic system activity and hypothalamus-related FC might be associated with the supersensitive reactivity of emotional processing in PMDD patients. Brain regions primarily involved in the emotional network showed potential group-discriminative features when comparing PMDD patients to HCs. <b>Trial Registration:</b> Chinese Clinical Trial Registry identification: ChiCTR2000040935.</p>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2026 ","pages":"3641238"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13080338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Puberty in Context: Accounting for Psychosocial Experiences in the Association Between Pubertal Timing, Sex/Gender, and Adolescent Depressive Symptoms in Canadian Youth","authors":"Annie Duchesne,&nbsp;Nicole White,&nbsp;Brielle C. Cooke,&nbsp;Caroline Sanders","doi":"10.1155/da/5568871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/da/5568871","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Literature suggests that early pubertal timing constitutes a risk factor for adolescent depression, especially in girls. However, adverse experiences preceding (e.g., childhood adversity), co-occurring with (e.g., changing peer and parent relationships), and following puberty (e.g., delinquent behavior) have been associated with both pubertal timing and adolescent depression, and little is currently known about how these experiences may be differentially associated with the correspondence between pubertal timing and depression across sex/gender. Using Canadian data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY), the present study investigated how sex/gender and relevant childhood, peri, and postpubertal psychosocial variables informed the relationship between pubertal timing and adolescent depressive symptoms. Preliminary models examining the relationship between pubertal timing and depressive symptoms in girls and boys suggested a linear association for both groups, facilitating a mixed-sex/gender analysis supporting direct testing of sex/gender interactions. Data from 1400 Canadian youth (53% female; 96% Caucasian) showed that girls were more likely to report earlier pubertal development and higher rates of depressive symptoms at age 16–17. In a base model ignoring psychosocial context, we observed a significant interaction where early pubertal timing was associated with greater depressive symptoms in girls, with no pubertal timing effect apparent in boys. However, after accounting for psychosocial factors, adolescent depressive symptoms were best predicted by childhood emotional problems, peripubertal body dissatisfaction and perceived parental rejection irrespective of sex/gender, with additional sex/gender-contingent effects of childhood family dysfunction and postpubertal delinquency. Moreover, pubertal timing did not explain significant variance in depressive symptoms in girls or boys after accounting for psychosocial context. These findings support the context-contingency of sex/gender differences in the association between pubertal timing and adolescent depression. Conceptual and methodological ramifications of the need for an integrated biopsychosocial focus are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/da/5568871","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated With Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms, Barriers, and Facilitators for Seeking Support Among European University Students: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study","authors":"Lara Guedes Pinho,&nbsp;Anabela Afonso,&nbsp;Lisa Ryan,&nbsp;Ed Daly,&nbsp;Ana Morais,&nbsp;Maria Engström,&nbsp;Annika Nilsson,&nbsp;Javier Cubero,&nbsp;Christophe Jarry,&nbsp;Mariana Muresan,&nbsp;Pedro Amaro,&nbsp;Tomina Saveanu,&nbsp;Maria Revés Silva,&nbsp;Roberto Sala,&nbsp;Giuseppe Marletta,&nbsp;César Fonseca,&nbsp;Adriana Borza,&nbsp;Gonçalo Jacinto","doi":"10.1155/da/8994187","DOIUrl":"10.1155/da/8994187","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The rationale for this current study was to assess the factors associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms in a cohort of students from seven universities across the European education system. Furthermore, the research sought to assess the barriers and facilitators for seeking support when students perceive any mental health issues.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted, which included 4830 higher education students from seven European countries. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) were used to assess depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. The Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5) assessed general psychological well-being. A questionnaire was used to assess preferences regarding support-seeking behavior and perceived barriers in the event of mental distress. Linear mixed models (LMMs) were used in the statistical analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Swedish students reported lower levels of moderate to severe depressive symptoms (34.1%) and moderate to severe anxiety (27.9%) when compared, for example, with Irish students (63.1% and 52.9%, respectively). Younger students, females, students with a history of mental disorder and lower levels of academic performance, or from a poorer socioeconomic background reported increased rates of depressive and anxiety symptoms. The most valued support-seeking strategies were speaking to friends or engaging in psychotherapy; in contrast, the most cited barrier to seeking support was the expense related to professional therapy and long waiting times for an appointment with professional therapists.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is a need to develop and/or review mental health promotion strategies for higher education students across Europe. These strategies need to consider the individual and culturally specific needs of higher education students so that they are effective in removing perceived barriers when seeking support in the event of mental distress.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13069185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147678736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symptom Structure of Depression and Anxiety in Mothers Following Child Loss: A Network and Bayesian Graph Analysis","authors":"Firoj Al-Mamun,&nbsp;Mohammed A. Mamun,&nbsp;Moneerah Mohammad Almerab,&nbsp;Suzanne Holroyd,&nbsp;David Gozal,&nbsp;Mohammad Muhit","doi":"10.1155/da/9965609","DOIUrl":"10.1155/da/9965609","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Bereavement, especially following the loss of a child, is a profoundly distressing life event associated with heightened risks of depression and anxiety. However, limited evidence exists on the symptom-level structure and statistical interrelations of these conditions among bereaved individuals, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Using nationally representative data from the 2022 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), we identified 2276 bereaved mothers. We applied psychological network analysis to estimate the partial correlation network structure of nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) depressive and seven-item Generalized Anxiety Questionnaire (GAD-7) anxiety symptoms. Centrality, predictability, and bridge metrics were computed. Network comparison tests (NCTs) assessed structural invariance across bereavement subgroups. Bayesian directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) were used to explore conditional dependency patterns and probabilistic edge orientations among symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The prevalence of probable major depressive disorder (MDD) was 6.69% (95% CI: 5.52–7.86). Prevalence estimates were comparable by bereavement recency, with overlapping confidence intervals among mothers bereaved within the past 3 years (5.34%, 95% CI: 3.06–9.15) and those bereaved more than 3 years earlier (6.83%, 95% CI: 5.69–8.19). The symptom network revealed interconnected domains corresponding to anxiety and depression symptoms. Trouble relaxing and psychomotor disturbance showed the highest strength centrality, while suicidal ideation exhibited the highest predictability in the network. Bridge centrality analysis identified feeling afraid, sadness, irritability, and psychomotor disturbance as the strongest cross-domain connectors linking anxiety and depression symptoms. Bayesian DAG analysis indicated strong conditional dependencies among worry-related anxiety symptoms, while psychomotor disturbance showed a strong conditional association with suicidal ideation.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This study offers novel symptom-level insights into bereavement-related anxiety and depression among mothers in Bangladesh. The observed symptom patterns are consistent with enduring depressive and anxiety symptoms rather than acute grief alone. Symptom-focused approaches targeting central and bridge symptoms may support more efficient screening and scalable intervention strategies in bereaved populations.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13062755/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147678748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Life-Course Social Isolation Trajectories and Depressive Symptoms With the Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study","authors":"Shuaiqing Chen,&nbsp;Peiling Jiang,&nbsp;Qiuxia Zheng","doi":"10.1155/da/2184277","DOIUrl":"10.1155/da/2184277","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Social isolation is increasingly recognized as a fundamental determinant of health. This study aimed to comprehensively examine the associations between social isolation trajectories spanning from childhood through adulthood and the risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) among middle-aged and older adults in China, while further exploring the potential mediating role of depressive symptoms in these relationships.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyzed data from 6858 participants using the 2014 life-course survey and 2015–2020 follow-up waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Trajectories were constructed based on the cross-classification of social isolation status in childhood and adulthood. Exposures were assessed using cumulative composite scores, and incident CVD outcomes were identified via self-reported physician diagnoses. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to estimate the odds of incident CVD, alongside mediation analyses to quantify potential indirect effects. Subgroup analyses and a comprehensive set of sensitivity analyses were additionally conducted to assess the robustness of the findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four distinct life-course social isolation trajectories were identified: no isolation, childhood-only, adulthood-only, and persistent isolation. Persistent social isolation was associated with significantly elevated odds of incident CVD (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.16–2.01). Mediation analyses indicated that depressive symptoms accounted for a meaningful proportion of this association, explaining 16.28% of the relationship with CVD and 14.70% of the association with stroke. Analyses of secondary outcomes further demonstrated that childhood social isolation (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.16–1.79), childhood-only isolation (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.08–1.72), and persistent isolation (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.19–2.71) were each independently associated with increased odds of incident stroke.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Persistent social isolation was associated with an increased risk of incident CVD among middle-aged and older adults in China, with this relationship being partially mediated by depressive symptoms. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating long-term psychosocial assessments into CVD risk stratification and management strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13059090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Striosome-Like Structural Connectivity Is Reduced in the Rostral Putamen in Anxiety Disorder","authors":"Adrian T. Funk,&nbsp;Jeff L. Waugh","doi":"10.1155/da/7682055","DOIUrl":"10.1155/da/7682055","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Anxiety disorders affect roughly a third of adults, and treatment of anxiety-related symptoms costs more than any other mental health condition. Symptoms often begin in adolescence and are usually lifelong. Identifying shared neuroanatomical features of anxiety is essential for understanding its causes and improving treatments. Developmental abnormalities in the striatum, an obligate node in cortico–striato–thalamo–cortical networks, could predispose to the diverse symptoms of anxiety. The striatum is comprised of two interdigitated tissue compartments, striosome and matrix, that have different embryologic origins, divergent afferent/efferent connectivity, opposing responses to dopamine, and are embedded in distinct structural and functional networks. We used quantitative diffusion tractography to perform connectivity-based parcellation, identifying striosome-like and matrix-like striatal voxels in a 295-subject cohort (youth-onset anxiety vs. matched controls). In anxiety, striosome-like connectivity was depleted and dispersed, especially in a bilateral zone in the rostral putamen. Striosome-like connectivity was inversely correlated with standardized assessments of anxiety. Matrix-favoring connectivity was increased in a broad swath of cortico-striate projections. Increases in the striatal matrix:striosome ratio may predispose individuals to anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13062657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147678719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}