The Impact of Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy on Depressive and Anxiety Behaviors in Offspring: A Meta-analysis

IF 3.3 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Depression and Anxiety Pub Date : 2025-08-27 DOI:10.1155/da/2168791

Kui Zhang, Yu Wang, Zhilong Shu, Ying Huang, Lixiang Feng, Wenxing Yang

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Abstract

Smoking during pregnancy is known to adversely affect offspring health; however, the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and the risk of depression and anxiety in offspring remains inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to clarify this relationship. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and OVID databases for articles published between 2000 and 2024. The odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the association. A total of 11 studies involving 1,775,220 participants met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed that maternal smoking during pregnancy was significantly associated with an increased risk of depression in offspring (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.09–1.63). Stratified analysis by cigaret consumption dose showed that heavy maternal smoking (≥ 10 cigarets/day) further increased the risk of both depression (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.21–2.14) and anxiety (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.32–1.72) in offspring. In conclusion, this meta-analysis provides evidence that maternal smoking during pregnancy may elevate the risk of depression and anxiety in offspring, particularly with heavy smoking. Preventing maternal smoking and reducing exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy could have significant benefits for offspring mental health and well-being.

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母亲孕期吸烟对后代抑郁和焦虑行为的影响：一项荟萃分析

众所周知，怀孕期间吸烟会对后代健康产生不利影响；然而，怀孕期间母亲吸烟与后代抑郁和焦虑风险之间的关系仍然不一致。本荟萃分析旨在澄清这一关系。在PubMed， Web of Science和OVID数据库中对2000年至2024年间发表的文章进行了系统搜索。采用95%置信区间（CI）的比值比（OR）来评估相关性。共有11项研究，涉及1,775,220名受试者符合纳入标准。荟萃分析显示，母亲在怀孕期间吸烟与后代患抑郁症的风险增加显著相关（OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.09-1.63）。吸烟剂量分层分析显示，重度母亲吸烟（≥10支/天）进一步增加后代抑郁（OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.21-2.14）和焦虑（OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.32-1.72）的风险。总之，这项荟萃分析提供了证据，证明母亲在怀孕期间吸烟可能会增加后代抑郁和焦虑的风险，尤其是重度吸烟。预防母亲吸烟和减少怀孕期间接触烟草烟雾可能对后代的心理健康和福祉有重大好处。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Depression and Anxiety 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

15.00

自引率

1.40%

发文量

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Depression and Anxiety is a scientific journal that focuses on the study of mood and anxiety disorders, as well as related phenomena in humans. The journal is dedicated to publishing high-quality research and review articles that contribute to the understanding and treatment of these conditions. The journal places a particular emphasis on articles that contribute to the clinical evaluation and care of individuals affected by mood and anxiety disorders. It prioritizes the publication of treatment-related research and review papers, as well as those that present novel findings that can directly impact clinical practice. The journal's goal is to advance the field by disseminating knowledge that can lead to better diagnosis, treatment, and management of these disorders, ultimately improving the quality of life for those who suffer from them.