Forum of Nutrition最新文献_第4页

Dietary flavonoids as antioxidants. 膳食类黄酮作为抗氧化剂。

Forum of Nutrition Pub Date : 2009-01-01 Epub Date: 2009-04-07 DOI: 10.1159/000212741

Junji Terao

{"title":"Dietary flavonoids as antioxidants.","authors":"Junji Terao","doi":"10.1159/000212741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000212741","url":null,"abstract":"Flavonoids are ubiquitously present in fruits and vegetables. They have attracted much attention in relation to prevention of degenerative diseases such as atherosclerosis. Their antioxidant activity should be at least partly responsible for such prevention. The mechanism of antioxidant activity of flavonoids can be characterized by direct scavenging or quenching of oxygen free radicals or excited oxygen species as well as inhibition of oxidative enzymes that generate these reactive oxygen species. The essential part of the free radical-scavenging activity of flavonoids is attributed to the o-dihydroxyl group in the B ring (catechol group) in their diphenylpropane structure. Catechol typeflavonoids therefore possess powerful antioxidant activity. Conjugation of glucuronide/sulfate during intestinal absorption attenuates their antioxidant activity, but some metabolites containing an o-dihydroxyl structure, such as quercetin 3-O-beta-d-glucuronide (Q3GA), retain considerable antioxidant activity. Q3GA was found to be effective in the inhibition of lipid hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress in the nerve cell model PC-12. Our in vivo study using high cholesterol-fed rabbits also showed accumulation of quercetin metabolites in aortic tissue, and inhibition of deposition of cholesteryl ester hydroperoxide. It is evident that quercetin metabolites are distributed in human atherosclerotic lesions, particularly the macrophage-derived foam cell. The specific target should therefore be taken into account when evaluating the antioxidant activity of dietary flavonoids in vivo.","PeriodicalId":55148,"journal":{"name":"Forum of Nutrition","volume":"61 ","pages":"87-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000212741","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28184570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 178

Soybean isoflavones in bone health. 大豆异黄酮对骨骼健康的影响

Forum of Nutrition Pub Date : 2009-01-01 Epub Date: 2009-04-07 DOI: 10.1159/000212743

Yoshiko Ishimi

{"title":"Soybean isoflavones in bone health.","authors":"Yoshiko Ishimi","doi":"10.1159/000212743","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000212743","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean isoflavones are structurally similar to estrogen, bind to estrogen receptors, and exhibit weak estrogenic activity. It has been reported that isoflavones play an important role in the prevention of hormone-dependent diseases, including osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and postmenopausal syndrome. There are many researches indicating isoflavones prevent bone loss caused by estrogen deficiency in animal models. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that a combination of isoflavone treatment and exercise cooperatively prevented bone loss in the estrogen-deficient status. Epidemiological studies demonstrated the relationship between the lower incidence of osteoporosis in Asian women and a diet rich in soy foods. Although a number of observational studies confirm the findings from the animal studies, the results from intervention studies are still controversial. One of the potential reasons for these inconsistencies could be individual differences in the isoflavone metabolism. Recently, it has been suggested that the clinical effectiveness of isoflavones might partly depend on the ability to produce equol, a gut bacterial metabolite of daidzein showing stronger estrogenic activity than the predominant isoflavones. Several candidate bacteria responsible for equol production have been suggested, for example Lactococcus 20-92 strain. From these findings, food factors enhancing equol production have received great deal of attention recently. On the other hand, safety assessment of isoflavones has been conducted by the Japanese Food Safety Commission. Further studies are required to address the numerous questions on the potential benefits, mechanisms of action, and safety of isoflavones.","PeriodicalId":55148,"journal":{"name":"Forum of Nutrition","volume":"61 ","pages":"104-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000212743","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28184572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 41

Probiotics in primary prevention of atopic dermatitis. 益生菌在特应性皮炎一级预防中的作用。

Forum of Nutrition Pub Date : 2009-01-01 Epub Date: 2009-04-07 DOI: 10.1159/000212744

Geun Eog Ji

{"title":"Probiotics in primary prevention of atopic dermatitis.","authors":"Geun Eog Ji","doi":"10.1159/000212744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000212744","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of allergic diseases has been increasing in industrialized countries during recent years. Although several environmental factors are thought be involved, lack of moderate level of microbial challenges during the infantile period is known to skew the immune status toward the development of allergic diseases. Various strains of probiotics such as Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Lactococcus have been assessed for their ability to suppress the occurrence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in animal models and human studies. Although the effect of probiotics on allergic responses is different depending on the strains, doses, and experimental protocols, animal studies generally have shown immunomodulatory activities of probiotics including suppression of specific or nonspecific IgE production, reduction of infiltrated eosinophils and degranulated mast cells, potentiation of regulatory T cell cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-beta relative to IL-4 and IL-5, and potentiation of Th1/Th2 activity along with reduced symptoms of AD. Several well-designed double-blind placebo-controlled human studies showed that some probiotic strains administered during perinatal period prevented the occurrence of AD but could not consistently show a reduction in specific or nonspecific IgE or a change in specific immunomodulatory cytokines. Taken together, published results suggest that the administration of selected strains of probiotics during the perinatal period may be helpful in the prevention of AD.","PeriodicalId":55148,"journal":{"name":"Forum of Nutrition","volume":"61 ","pages":"117-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000212744","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28184573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 31

Molecular basis for cancer chemoprevention by green tea polyphenol EGCG. 绿茶多酚EGCG化学预防癌症的分子基础。

Forum of Nutrition Pub Date : 2009-01-01 Epub Date: 2009-04-07 DOI: 10.1159/000212748

Hirofumi Tachibana

引用次数: 81

Inflammatory components of adipose tissue as target for treatment of metabolic syndrome. 脂肪组织的炎症成分作为代谢综合征治疗的靶点。

Forum of Nutrition Pub Date : 2009-01-01 Epub Date: 2009-04-07 DOI: 10.1159/000212742

Rina Yu, Chu-Sook Kim, Ji-Hye Kang

引用次数: 27

Metabolism of flavonoids. 类黄酮的代谢。

Forum of Nutrition Pub Date : 2009-01-01 Epub Date: 2009-04-07 DOI: 10.1159/000212739

Yu Wang, Chi-Tang Ho

引用次数: 30

Ginger-derived phenolic substances with cancer preventive and therapeutic potential. 具有癌症预防和治疗潜力的姜源性酚类物质

Forum of Nutrition Pub Date : 2009-01-01 Epub Date: 2009-04-07 DOI: 10.1159/000212750

Joydeb Kumar Kundu, Hye-Kyung Na, Young-Joon Surh

引用次数: 99

European Nutrition and Health Report 2009. Preface. 2009年欧洲营养与健康报告。前言。

Forum of Nutrition Pub Date : 2009-01-01 Epub Date: 2009-09-21 DOI: 10.1159/000242365

I Elmadfa

引用次数: 16

Application of nutrigenomics in eye health. 营养基因组学在眼健康中的应用。

Forum of Nutrition Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000107176

Cécile Delcourt

{"title":"Application of nutrigenomics in eye health.","authors":"Cécile Delcourt","doi":"10.1159/000107176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000107176","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews recent findings on the implication of nutritional and genetic factors in age-related eye diseases: age-related macular degeneration (AMD; a degenerative disease of the retina) and cataract (opacification of the lens). Because of direct exposure to light, the eye is particularly sensitive to oxidative stress. Antioxidants, such as vitamin E, C or zinc, clearly have a protective effect in AMD and probably in cataract. In addition, two carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin, may play a more specific role in the eye: they accumulate in the retina, where they form the macular pigment, and in the lens. Their role is probably to filter out phototoxic blue light and to quench singlet oxygen. Finally, docosahexaenoic acid (an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid) is particularly important for the retina, where it exerts structural, functional and protective actions. Besides, these diseases are strongly influenced by genetics, as demonstrated by familial and twin studies. The apolipoprotein E4 allele is associated with a reduced risk of AMD, while an association of AMD with complement factor H polymorphism has recently been demonstrated. Nutrigenomics, by studying the interactions between genetic variability and nutritional factors, represents a new challenge in order to account for interindividual variations in disease susceptibility. Such potential interactions are presented.","PeriodicalId":55148,"journal":{"name":"Forum of Nutrition","volume":"60 ","pages":"168-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000107176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26876448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Developing the promise of nutrigenomics through complete science and international collaborations. 通过完整的科学和国际合作，发展营养基因组学的前景。

Forum of Nutrition Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000107197

Jim Kaput

{"title":"Developing the promise of nutrigenomics through complete science and international collaborations.","authors":"Jim Kaput","doi":"10.1159/000107197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000107197","url":null,"abstract":"Food is economically available to 4 billion of the world's 6 billion people, a situation that resulted from dramatically improved methods for producing, storing, and distributing food on a mass scale during the last 100 years. Nevertheless, almost 2 billion people are malnourished through either over-consumption of fats and calories or lack of adequate calories and micronutrients. Malnourishment results in chronic diseases, immune dysfunction, and early death. Analyzing and understanding gene - nutrient interactions is therefore a necessary step for designing and producing foods for maintaining the health of populations and individuals. Nutrigenomics is the study of how constituents of the diet interact with genes, and their products, to alter phenotype and conversely, how genes and their products metabolize these constituents into nutrients, antinutrients, and bioactive compounds. However, defining causal gene X nutrient interactions involved in maintaining optimum health are more challenging because of the (i) chemical complexity of food, (ii) genetic heterogeneity of humans, and (iii) the complexity of physiological responses to nutrient intakes in health and disease. Three significant developments will allow progress in nutrition and nutrigenomics: the development of high throughput omic (genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic) technologies, improved experimental designs, and the development of research collaborations to study complex biological processes. The practical applications of nutrigenomics are the possibility of delivering the right micronutrients in the optimum amount to the food insecure and developing novel foods which are more nutritious, flavourful, storable, and health promoting than many of the products manufactured today.","PeriodicalId":55148,"journal":{"name":"Forum of Nutrition","volume":"60 ","pages":"209-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000107197","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26876452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16