Human Immunology最新文献_第5页

Belatacept suppresses B-cell subset alloresponses belataccept抑制b细胞亚群异体反应

IF 2.2 4区医学

Human Immunology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111620

Chethan Ashokkumar , Robert Townsend , Mustimbo Roberts , Lehman Thomas , Brian Gavin , Brianna Spishock , Brandon W Higgs , Rakesh Sindhi

{"title":"Belatacept suppresses B-cell subset alloresponses","authors":"Chethan Ashokkumar , Robert Townsend , Mustimbo Roberts , Lehman Thomas , Brian Gavin , Brianna Spishock , Brandon W Higgs , Rakesh Sindhi","doi":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Belatacept-treated kidney transplant recipients (KT) experience a lower incidence of <em>de novo</em> donor-specific anti-HLA antibody (DSA) formation despite their higher risk of acute cellular rejection. In vitro studies show that concentrations associated with half-maximal suppression (EC50) of target cells correlate with therapeutic trough concentrations (C0). <strong>Purpose:</strong> To determine whether belatacept inhibits B-cell alloantigen presentation and B-cell alloresponse at known therapeutic C0.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from healthy adults were cultured with HLA-mismatched PBL or fluorochrome-labeled alloantigenic lysate and increasing belatacept concentrations. EC50 was calculated with best-fit four-parameter log-logistic function under a Poisson assumption, as described.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After overnight allostimulation, frequencies of alloreactive CD154 + B-cells and their subsets decreased with increasing belatacept concentrations (n = 10). Median (range) EC50s were 1.3 (0.01–37) µg/ml for unfractionated B-cells, 2 (0.03–50) µg/ml for naïve, 3.6 (0.2–92) µg/ml for unswitched memory, 6.2 (0.05–32) µg.ml for transitional, and 7.8 (0.01–101) µg/ml for plasmablasts. Median EC50s were highest at 19 and 31 µg/ml, respectively for CD27- and CD27 + isotype-switched memory B-cells. No effect was seen on B-cell presentation of alloantigen.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>At lower C0 levels of < 10 µg/ml, belatacept suppresses alloresponses of B-cells and most B-cell subsets, thereby explaining lower levels of DSA in kidney transplant patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55047,"journal":{"name":"Human Immunology","volume":"87 1","pages":"Article 111620"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Citrullinated vimentin and alpha enolase are expressed at the cell surface of apoptotic human neutrophils 瓜氨酸化波形蛋白和烯醇化酶在凋亡的人中性粒细胞的细胞表面表达。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Human Immunology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111631

Julie Morin-Genest, Denis Girard

引用次数: 0

Immunogenetr: a comprehensive toolkit for clinical HLA informatics 免疫遗传学：临床HLA信息学的综合工具包。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Human Immunology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111619

Busra Coskun , Nicholas K. Brown

{"title":"Immunogenetr: a comprehensive toolkit for clinical HLA informatics","authors":"Busra Coskun , Nicholas K. Brown","doi":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is significant interest in using modern informatics processes for clinical HLA data, but there are few resources developed for clinical use. To help clinical HLA laboratories make use of best practices in informatics and align with published data standards, we developed immunogenetr for the R programming language. immunogenetr was built with tidyverse functions and principles, and uses Genotype List (GL) string, which encodes complete HLA genotypes, including ambiguities, in a single human- and machine-readable object, as the primary data structure. The package includes functions to easily convert HLA genotyping data to and from GL strings, parse and rebuild GL strings, validate and truncate allele names, search for specific alleles within a GL string, and perform matching and mismatching. The functions are highly customizable, with matching and mismatching functions including options for host-versus-graft, graft-versus-host, and bidirectional comparisons, along with configurable homozygous mismatch counting, aligned with published guidelines. The package is open-source and available on CRAN and GitHub. This manuscript gives an overview of immunogenetr, with examples of how the functions can be used in informatics pipelines. Together, this package enables standardized HLA informatics analyses across clinical and research workflows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55047,"journal":{"name":"Human Immunology","volume":"87 1","pages":"Article 111619"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145679601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Allele-specific HLA-B39 antibody reactivity in a highly-sensitized kidney transplant candidate 等位基因特异性HLA-B39抗体在高度敏感的肾移植候选者中的反应性。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Human Immunology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111630

Anh Du , Wael Ishaq , Danny A. Flores , Mark Saquilayan , Chen Ling , John Muramoto , Krystal Kendall , Carrie L. Butler , Elaine F. Reed , Qiuheng J. Zhang , Lilly M. Barba , Rebecca A. Sosa

{"title":"Allele-specific HLA-B39 antibody reactivity in a highly-sensitized kidney transplant candidate","authors":"Anh Du , Wael Ishaq , Danny A. Flores , Mark Saquilayan , Chen Ling , John Muramoto , Krystal Kendall , Carrie L. Butler , Elaine F. Reed , Qiuheng J. Zhang , Lilly M. Barba , Rebecca A. Sosa","doi":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 43-year-old highly sensitized female waitlisted over 16 years received a deceased donor kidney offer. Virtual crossmatch (VXM) revealed three historic donor-specific antibodies (DSA) against the potential donor. Additionally, the patient appeared to have strong current allele-specific DSA to HLA-<em>B*39:01</em> based on positive reactivity by single antigen bead (SAB) testing and self-typing of <em>B*39:08</em>. The donor was typed B39 homozygous by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) by an outside laboratory with the allele-string including <em>B*39:02/05/08/13</em>. <em>B*39:01</em> is the only bead representing B39 antigen group in the main SAB panel from One Lambda. Allelic differences suggested potential differential reactivity. PXM yielded a negative result. Investigation into the reactivity using alternate bead panels, surrogate flow cytometry crossmatching and high-resolution HLA typing showed the confirmed allele-specific <em>B*39:01</em> antibody cross-reacts with <em>B*39:04/05/06</em> and does not react with <em>B*39:02/08/13</em>. This case underscores the need for enhanced VXM tools and workflows integrating expanded antibody panels and high-resolution typing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55047,"journal":{"name":"Human Immunology","volume":"87 1","pages":"Article 111630"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145727314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bridging the gap: correlating virtual crossmatch assessments with post-transplant immunologic outcomes 弥合差距：虚拟交叉匹配评估与移植后免疫结果的相关性

IF 2.2 4区医学

Human Immunology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111613

Carly J. Amato-Menker , Nadia Lewis , Amber Paulus , Stephen Seelam , Inna Tchoukina , Gaurav Gupta , Mary Carmelle Philogene

{"title":"Bridging the gap: correlating virtual crossmatch assessments with post-transplant immunologic outcomes","authors":"Carly J. Amato-Menker , Nadia Lewis , Amber Paulus , Stephen Seelam , Inna Tchoukina , Gaurav Gupta , Mary Carmelle Philogene","doi":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The virtual crossmatch (VXM) is a widely implemented tool for assessing immunological risk using donor HLA typing and a recipient’s antibody profile. Several studies have documented the efficacy and advantages of the VXM. Most studies validate the accuracy of the VXM by showing correlation with flow crossmatch (FXM) results. However, true utility lies in correlation with transplant outcome and humoral immune response. In this study, we compared the VXM assessment, reported as VXM acceptable or unacceptable, to post-transplant outcome, donor-specific antibody development or resurgence, and FXM results. Overall, a VXM that was deemed acceptable correlated with fewer post-transplant adverse events compared to a VXMunacceptable. Kidney recipients with VXM unacceptable were significantly more likely to demonstrate memory HLA-DSA (p = 0.019), develop antibody-mediated rejection (AMR, p = 0.020), and develop AMR associated with HLA-DSA (p = 0.006) compared to kidney recipients with acceptable VXMs. Heart recipients showed similar trends although the results were not statistically significant due to small size. 94.4 % of VXM acceptable were also negative on FXM, and only 1.1 % of patients with acceptable VXMs benefited from a retrospective FXM. Our findings support the VXM as a reliable alternative to the FXM in most cases and identify situations where the FXM remains beneficial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55047,"journal":{"name":"Human Immunology","volume":"87 1","pages":"Article 111613"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

HLA-B27 modulates the composition of the gut microbiota and drives a proinflammatory intestinal microecology HLA-B27调节肠道微生物群的组成并驱动促炎肠道微生态

IF 2.2 4区医学

Human Immunology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111616

Tao Zhang , Si-Yu Chen , Cong Zhang , Ruo Chen , Peng-Fei Zhou , Zhuo-Cheng Li , Qian He , Xiang-Hui Fu , Wen Wen , Cai-Peng Zhang , Mei-Yue Yao , Jie-Jie Geng

{"title":"HLA-B27 modulates the composition of the gut microbiota and drives a proinflammatory intestinal microecology","authors":"Tao Zhang , Si-Yu Chen , Cong Zhang , Ruo Chen , Peng-Fei Zhou , Zhuo-Cheng Li , Qian He , Xiang-Hui Fu , Wen Wen , Cai-Peng Zhang , Mei-Yue Yao , Jie-Jie Geng","doi":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as spondyloarthritis (SpA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves genetic factors and gut microbiota dysbiosis, which have been widely reported in patients and animal models. Although genetic factors are known to reshape the gut microbiota, the mechanistic role of the host gene-reshaped gut microbiota in mediating inflammatory diseases remains poorly characterized. This study focused on HLA-B27 to investigate its impact on the gut microbial composition and its association with HLA-B27 related autoimmune inflammatory diseases. The expression of HLA-B27/β2M significantly altered the diversity of the gut microbiota in mice, leading to changes in bacterial species and their functions. Concurrently, HLA-B27/β2M profoundly modified the gut metabolic profile, resulting in increased levels of multiple prostaglandins and decreased levels of anti-inflammatory metabolites. Multi-omics integrated analysis demonstrated that HLA-B27/β2M promoted the synthesis of Gram-negative bacteria while suppressing Gram-positive bacteria, findings validated in both omics datasets. Further validation confirmed that these HLA-B27/β2M-driven alterations in the gut microbial composition caused a shift toward a proinflammatory microbial community. These findings first revealed that genetic factors significantly reshaped the gut microbiota composition and further drove the microbial ecosystem toward a proinflammatory state. This study provides a foundation for identifying gut microbial signature targets in HLA-B27 associated diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55047,"journal":{"name":"Human Immunology","volume":"87 1","pages":"Article 111616"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Xenotransplantation: from research to trial to practice 异种移植：从研究到试验再到实践

IF 2.2 4区医学

Human Immunology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111605

Jeffrey L. Platt, Marilia Cascalho

{"title":"Xenotransplantation: from research to trial to practice","authors":"Jeffrey L. Platt, Marilia Cascalho","doi":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Animals have been considered potential sources of organs and complex tissues for clinical transplantation, and occasional cross-species transplants have been performed (when human sources were scarce or unavailable) over the past 120 years. However, no clinical xenotransplant has been deemed successful. Today, after extensive efforts to understand the immunological and biological barriers to xenotransplantation and with the application of genetic engineering and other technologies to overcome these barriers, enthusiasm for xenotransplantation has grown again. A small number of clinical xenotransplants have recently been performed, with formal clinical trials either planned or underway. Therefore, it is important to consider whether and how clinical xenotransplantation might move forward. The key to advancing xenotransplantation from research to clinical practice depends on the experience gained—specifically, whether large clinical trials are necessary to prove feasibility and usefulness, or if such proof must be established before initiating large trials. This question prompted the development and publication of a collection of papers in Human Immunology in 2023. With the outcomes of a few clinical xenografts now known, the question is even more relevant. Consequently, an updated commentary and the contents of the collected papers follow.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55047,"journal":{"name":"Human Immunology","volume":"87 1","pages":"Article 111605"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association of PD-1 (rs36084323) gene polymorphism with autoimmune thyroid diseases PD-1基因多态性与自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的关系

IF 2.2 4区医学

Human Immunology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111618

Nora M. Elkady , Ahmed A. Elzeiny , Mona A. Abd El-Raouf , Dina Elzeiny , Basma.Z. El-Morsy , Sherin Z. Mohamed , Dalia Kamal Nassar

{"title":"Association of PD-1 (rs36084323) gene polymorphism with autoimmune thyroid diseases","authors":"Nora M. Elkady , Ahmed A. Elzeiny , Mona A. Abd El-Raouf , Dina Elzeiny , Basma.Z. El-Morsy , Sherin Z. Mohamed , Dalia Kamal Nassar","doi":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is among the most common autoimmune diseases, including Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), but their pathophysiological mechanism isn’t fully understood with multiple involved genetic factors. Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) boosts the suppression of regulatory T cells. The promoter region polymorphism rs36084323 affected PD-1 gene transcription and activation in many cancer and autoimmune diseases. Genetic correlation between this polymorphism and AITD pathogenesis was evaluated in Egyptian patients & included: Group 1; fifty-five GD patients & forty five HT patients, Group 2; one hundred fifty controls by PCR-RFLP technique. GD patients showed significantly higher AG, AA, and A allele frequencies of the PD-1 rs36084323 gene than the control group with no significant disparities between HT patients and controls for any genotype or allele. When analyzing all AITD patients compared to control group, only the A allele showed higher frequency approaching statistical significance (p = 0.057). AA genotype and elevated free T4 were significant risk factors for GD, while elevated TSH was a significant protective factor for GD and a significant risk factor for HT. PD-1 rs36084323 polymorphism differs between GD and HT and is associated with higher risk of GD in Egyptian patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55047,"journal":{"name":"Human Immunology","volume":"87 1","pages":"Article 111618"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145670933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In silico Identification of novel vaccine candidates against Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa using subtractive proteomics and immunoinformatics 利用减法蛋白质组学和免疫信息学鉴定耐多药铜绿假单胞菌新型候选疫苗。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Human Immunology Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111617

Alhanouf I. Al-Harbi , Fahad M Alshabrmi , Eid A. Alatawi , Israr Fatima

{"title":"In silico Identification of novel vaccine candidates against Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa using subtractive proteomics and immunoinformatics","authors":"Alhanouf I. Al-Harbi , Fahad M Alshabrmi , Eid A. Alatawi , Israr Fatima","doi":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, a notorious pathogen, frequently presents in hospitals and poses numerous health issues due to its drug resistance, making treatment challenging. The rise of multidrug-resistant microorganisms emphasizes the crucial need for novel therapeutic approaches, such as vaccines. This work employed immunoinformatics and subtractive proteomics to find possible universal vaccine candidates. After analyzing the proteome of <em>P. aeruginosa</em> (PAO1 strain), three pathogenic or antigenic proteins were identified as potential targets for vaccines. T and B cell epitopes were predicted from vaccine candidate proteins using various immunoinformatics techniques. A vaccine was developed using specific epitopes (three Helper T lymphocyte (HTL), four Linear B lymphocyte (LBL), and seven Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes) and linkers, and a Cholera toxin subunit B adjuvant was added to enhance the immune response. The vaccine binds to and interacts with MHC molecules and TLR4 using molecular dynamics simulations and docking studies. After cloning, we reverse-translated the vaccine in E. coli to optimize protein production. Our approach offers a promising strategy for developing effective, long-lasting vaccines against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, which could help address the growing problems of antibiotic resistance in this bacterium.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55047,"journal":{"name":"Human Immunology","volume":"86 6","pages":"Article 111617"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145566282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distribution of HLA Class I and II genetic profiles of Indian population: A regional analysis using 30,027 Umbilical cord blood samples 印度人群HLA I类和II类遗传谱的分布：使用30027份脐带血样本的区域分析

IF 2.2 4区医学

Human Immunology Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111600

Sureka Rajendran , Ambily Sivadas , Kanaga Ganesan , Georg Gutjahr , Alagupandian Murugan , Ankur Chaturvedi , Phani Nagaraja S , Chirayu Padhiar , Prakash Sadashiv Gambhir

{"title":"Distribution of HLA Class I and II genetic profiles of Indian population: A regional analysis using 30,027 Umbilical cord blood samples","authors":"Sureka Rajendran , Ambily Sivadas , Kanaga Ganesan , Georg Gutjahr , Alagupandian Murugan , Ankur Chaturvedi , Phani Nagaraja S , Chirayu Padhiar , Prakash Sadashiv Gambhir","doi":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a valuable source of hematopoietic stem cells for treating life-threatening haematological disorders. India’s vast population, known for its cultural, linguistic, and genetic diversity, requires a significant need for HLA-matched donors. We analyzed HLA-A, −B, −C, −DRB1, and −DQB1 allele and haplotype diversity in 30,027 UCB units. Samples were categorized into six broad regional populations and further sub-clustered into nine groups based on the predominant language spoken. The most frequent haplotypes identified were A*33:03 ∼ B*44:03 ∼ C*07:06 ∼ DRB1*07:01 ∼ DQB1*02:02 (2.6 %), A*01:01 ∼ B*57:01 ∼ C*06:02 ∼ DRB1*07:01 ∼ DQB1*03:03 (2.4 %), and A*01:01 ∼ B*37:01 ∼ C*06:02 ∼ DRB1*10:01 ∼ DQB1*05:01 (1.4 %), showing significant inter-regional differences. We observed distinct allele distributions and high haplotype diversity, with the India South UCBB population displaying the highest number of unique haplotypes (63 %). Genetic distance analysis and multidimensional scaling revealed genetic relatedness between the regional and sub-regional populations. These findings offer key insights into Indian HLA diversity, inform donor recruitment strategies, enhance understanding of genetic relatedness to neighbouring populations, and highlight the need for population-specific repositories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55047,"journal":{"name":"Human Immunology","volume":"86 6","pages":"Article 111600"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145304204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0