Human ImmunologyPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111634
Kevin Eappen, Paul Morrissey, Daithi S. Heffernan
{"title":"Recovery from Post-Renal transplant lymphopenia Predicts graft function and survival","authors":"Kevin Eappen, Paul Morrissey, Daithi S. Heffernan","doi":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Renal transplantation remains the gold standard for treating end-stage renal disease, yet early identification of patients at risk for graft dysfunction is essential to improving outcomes. Lymphocytes play a key role in the immune response and transplant rejection. Fluctuations in postoperative lymphocyte counts may arise from surgical stress and immunosuppression. We conducted a retrospective study of prospectively collected data with 376 consecutive adult renal transplant recipients at a single center from 2015 to 2023. Lymphopenia was observed after kidney transplantation with nadir on post-operative day (POD) 3 and gradual recovery by POD5. Multivariable analysis revealed that POD5 lymphocyte count < 0.5x10<sup>9</sup> cells/L was associated with increased odds of acute rejection (OR = 2.97;p = 0.037). Rapid recovery from lymphopenia on POD3 to POD5 predicted lower odds of delayed graft function (OR = 0.38;p = 0.047), and delayed recovery from POD3 to POD4 predicted higher risk of 3-year graft failure (OR = 5.23; p = 0.025). These findings suggest that early lymphocyte trends may serve as accessible, clinically relevant biomarkers for graft prognosis following renal transplantation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55047,"journal":{"name":"Human Immunology","volume":"87 2","pages":"Article 111634"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study of the association of LILRB2 gene polymorphisms with colorectal cancer susceptibility and prognosis in Tunisian population","authors":"Malek Ferjani , Sabrine Dhouioui , Hager Bourogâa , Maroua Jalouli , Nadia Boujelbene , Inès Zemni , Abdel Halim Harrath , Mohamed Ali Ayadi , Inès Zidi","doi":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors subfamily B member 2 (LILRB2), a receptor with immunosuppressive properties belonging to the Leucocytes Ig-Like receptors (LILR) family, is extensively detected in various tumor tissues. Its major ligand, human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G), is pivotal in enabling tumor immune escape. This study sought to investigate the potential impact of <em>LILRB2</em> gene polymorphisms (rs383369 G > A and rs7247538 C > T) on colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility and prognosis in the Tunisian population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Genotyping of the <em>LILRB2</em> gene polymorphisms rs7247538 C > T and rs383369 G > A was performed by PCR-RFLP. A total of 141 CRC patients and 150 healthy controls were included in this case-control study.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The rs7247538 C allele and C/C genotype were found to be significantly more prevalent in healthy controls compared to CRC patients (p = 0.008 and p = 0.012, respectively). Furthermore, the C allele was more prevalent in the control subgroup above 50 <!--> <!-->years compared to CRC patients (p = 0.033). The rs383369 A/A genotype showed a significantly higher prevalence in controls than in CRC patients (p = 0.025). The rs383369 A/G genotype was significantly associated with a higher risk of CRC susceptibility in both the overall study population (p = 0.006) and in patients diagnosed after the age of 50 <!--> <!-->years (p = 0.014). The concomitant occurrence of both C and A alleles could provide a protective effect against CRC development (p = 0.003).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study indicates that <em>LILRB2</em> SNPs are associated with susceptibility to CRC within the Tunisian population. These results underscore the relevance of <em>LILRB2</em> SNPs as important biomarkers in CRC, potentially paving the way for the design of new personalized therapies guided by genetic profiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55047,"journal":{"name":"Human Immunology","volume":"87 2","pages":"Article 111635"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145795609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human ImmunologyPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111638
Wen Fei Kevin-Tey , Sean Wen , Ho Phin Chong , Ping Chong Bee , Shamsul Mohd Zain , Mardziah Mohamad , Nisya Mohamed Yusoff , Hooi Sian Eng , Soo Kun Lim , Sen Mui Tan , Maisarah Jalalonmuhali
{"title":"Discerning the HLA allele and haplotype frequencies in the multiethnic population of Malaysia","authors":"Wen Fei Kevin-Tey , Sean Wen , Ho Phin Chong , Ping Chong Bee , Shamsul Mohd Zain , Mardziah Mohamad , Nisya Mohamed Yusoff , Hooi Sian Eng , Soo Kun Lim , Sen Mui Tan , Maisarah Jalalonmuhali","doi":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system is central to immune function, transplantation compatibility, and disease susceptibility. However, comprehensive data on HLA allele and haplotype distributions in Southeast Asia, particularly Malaysia, remain limited despite the region’s rich genetic diversity. In this study we analyzed HLA class I (A, B, C) and class II (DRB1, DQB1) alleles in 4,882 individuals of Malay, Chinese, Indian, and Indigenous descent from genotyping data collected between 2000 and 2020. HLA genotyping was performed using PCR-SSP and PCR-SSO methods. Haplotype frequencies (HF) were resolved using haplotype segregation analysis (HSA) and the expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm, with linkage disequilibrium (LD) and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) evaluated across loci. The most frequent alleles included HLA-A*11, −A*02, −B*15, −B*40, −C*07, −C*03, −DRB1*15, and −DQB1*03, with notable variation among ethnic groups. A total of 1,416 unique A ∼ B ∼ DRB1 ∼ DQB1 haplotypes and 1,317 <strong>A∼C∼B∼DRB1∼DQB1</strong> haplotypes were identified, with <strong>A*33∼C*03∼B*58∼DRB1*03∼DQB1*02</strong> being the most prevalent overall (4.0 %). Ethnic-specific haplotypes were also delineated, underscoring the population’s complex genetic architecture. Principal component analysis demonstrated genetic relatedness between Malaysian groups and other East and South Asian populations. This study represents the largest multiethnic HLA dataset in Malaysia to date. The findings contribute valuable insights for population genetics, donor registry optimization, and future disease association and immunogenomic research in Southeast Asia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55047,"journal":{"name":"Human Immunology","volume":"87 2","pages":"Article 111638"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human ImmunologyPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111637
Mario Spaggiari , Maria Jimena Alaniz , Elif Kortan , Benito Valdepenas III , Jamie Benken , Sujata Gaitonde , Hojung Kim , Amaan Chalisa , Luke G. Atia , Enrico Benedetti , Ivo Tzvetanov
{"title":"Increasing the liver donation pool: Eculizumab desensitization for ABO-incompatible living donor liver transplantation – A case series","authors":"Mario Spaggiari , Maria Jimena Alaniz , Elif Kortan , Benito Valdepenas III , Jamie Benken , Sujata Gaitonde , Hojung Kim , Amaan Chalisa , Luke G. Atia , Enrico Benedetti , Ivo Tzvetanov","doi":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>ABO-incompatible living donor liver transplantation (ABO-I LDLT) is limited by the risk of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) from preformed anti-A/B antibodies. Conventional desensitization with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and rituximab (RTX) has procedural and logistical drawbacks.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent ABO-I LDLT at our center between January 2022 and December 2023. All were managed with eculizumab (ECU) at a dose of 900 mg IV on preoperative day − 1 and again within two weeks, without preoperative TPE or RTX.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Median recipient age was 49.5 years (MELD 14). All achieved prompt graft function. No biopsy-proven AMR was identified in the patients in whom biopsy was performed. Complement activity normalized by POD 30 in all cases. At a mean follow-up of 17 months, three patients had stable graft function; one died at one year from a cerebrovascular event unrelated to rejection.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>ECU-based complement inhibition may offer a simplified, potentially AMR-reducing approach in ABO-I LDLT; these findings are preliminary and hypothesis-generating, requiring validation in larger studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55047,"journal":{"name":"Human Immunology","volume":"87 2","pages":"Article 111637"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145783630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human ImmunologyPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111648
Nilesh S. Chitnis , Maanika Nunugonda , Catherine Foye , Phillip A. Erice , Philip J. Robinson , Nahir Cortes-Santiago , Debra L. Kearney , Joseph A. Spinner , Peter T. Jindra
{"title":"Potential synergistic role of pre-formed GSTT1 antibodies and de novo HLA antibodies in a heart-transplant recipient diagnosed with AMR","authors":"Nilesh S. Chitnis , Maanika Nunugonda , Catherine Foye , Phillip A. Erice , Philip J. Robinson , Nahir Cortes-Santiago , Debra L. Kearney , Joseph A. Spinner , Peter T. Jindra","doi":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our center had a case of a 20-year old female with severe bi-ventricular dysfunction, leading to heart transplantation. Strong GSTT1 antibody was detected pre-transplant, which encouraged us to further study its possible significance. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a class of enzymes that metabolize xenobiotics. We hypothesized that high-titer non-HLA antibodies to GSTT1 can be generated in recipients who have a complete GSTT1 gene deletion and are exposed to GSTT1 antigen. When a donor organ is transplanted, the anti-GSTT1 antibodies could bind to functional GSTT1 which has been exposed due to transplant-related injury and contribute to allo-rejection. We genotyped GSTT1 with Real-Time PCR along with antibody screening using both HLA and non-HLA panels and found this recipient had a null GSTT1 genotype. Pre-transplant serum showed significantly high GSTT1 antibody. One-year post-transplant, there was an abnormal biopsy with antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) detected by microscopy and molecular profiling, showing both intra-luminal mononuclear cells as well as plasma cells, an atypical infiltrate. There were low levels of de novo DQ8 antibodies within the first year, that rose to moderate levels two years later with accompanying de novo moderate levels of DQ6 antibodies. Following AMR treatment, the GSTT1 Ab level decreased. Follow up testing showed increased inflammation and AMR by molecular profiling at 28 months post-transplant. The patient developed worsening cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) and ultimately required re-transplantation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55047,"journal":{"name":"Human Immunology","volume":"87 2","pages":"Article 111648"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145936438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human ImmunologyPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111636
Yi Jin , Hui-Min Lu , Xing-Hao Yu
{"title":"Pleiotropic gene mapping Reveals shared immune regulatory hubs across 15 autoimmune diseases","authors":"Yi Jin , Hui-Min Lu , Xing-Hao Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) involve immune dysfunction with complex genetic underpinnings. This study examined genetic correlations and directional genetic associations across 15 AIDs to identify common immune pathways.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrieved GWAS summary statistics for 15 AIDs and analyzed genetic overlap using LDSC and Z-score correlations. Pleiotropy was assessed via MAGMA to assign SNPs to genes and PLACO for pleiotropic gene detection. Functional annotation (FUMA) and pathway enrichment (MAGMA, MSigDB) were performed. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) explored causal links between diseases and immune cell traits.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) had the highest SNP-heritability (43.3 %), followed by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) (32.84 %). Most disease pairs showed positive genetic correlations. We identified 76 pleiotropic genes, with HCP5, <em>NOTCH4</em>, and <em>SKIV2L</em> shared across all 15 diseases and concentrated in the extended MHC region. Enrichment analysis highlighted cytokine signaling, antigen presentation, and T-cell-mediated pathways. MR revealed directional genetic associations among rheumatoid arthritis (RA), SLE, and Systemic Sclerosis (SS), with PBC increasing SLE risk (OR = 1.253) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) slightly protecting against Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) (OR = 0.959). Cell-type MR showed <em>SKIV2L</em> acting across multiple T-cell and myeloid subsets, whereas <em>NOTCH4</em> effects were confined to M2 macrophages, highlighting distinct MHC-region hubs with broad versus myeloid-focused impact.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings map shared genetic components and highlight pleiotropic genes, especially <em>SKIV2L</em>, <em>HCP5</em> and <em>NOTCH4</em>, linking extended-MHC architecture to T-cell and myeloid programs. They provide a genetic framework for prioritizing common pathways and cell types for biomarker development and targeted therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55047,"journal":{"name":"Human Immunology","volume":"87 2","pages":"Article 111636"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145776470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human ImmunologyPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111632
Janardan P. Pandey , Christine Kimball , Paul J. Nietert , James J. Lah , Allan I. Levey
{"title":"Immunoglobulin γ allotypes influence the level of autoantibody responses to amyloid-β in patients with Alzheimer’s disease","authors":"Janardan P. Pandey , Christine Kimball , Paul J. Nietert , James J. Lah , Allan I. Levey","doi":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immunoglobulin GM (γ marker) allotypes, highly polymorphic hereditary antigenic determinants of IgG, have been shown to be a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The mechanisms underlying the GM-AD association are not understood. The aim of the present investigation was to determine whether GM genotypes influenced the level of naturally occurring antibodies to amyloid-β (Aβ), a hallmark of AD. We genotyped 100 AD cases and 100 controls for several GM alleles and measured antibodies to Aβ. Results showed that IgG1 GM 3/17 and IgG2 GM 23 genotypes were significantly associated with anti-Aβ antibody levels in AD cases (p = 0.014, 0.018, respectively), but not in controls (p = 0.62, 0.08, respectively). These results, for the first time, show GM allotype restriction in naturally occurring antibody responses to Aβ in individuals with AD. If confirmed, they could help devise a more potent Aβ-based immunotherapy against this neurogenerative disorder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55047,"journal":{"name":"Human Immunology","volume":"87 1","pages":"Article 111632"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145727304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human ImmunologyPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111620
Chethan Ashokkumar , Robert Townsend , Mustimbo Roberts , Lehman Thomas , Brian Gavin , Brianna Spishock , Brandon W Higgs , Rakesh Sindhi
{"title":"Belatacept suppresses B-cell subset alloresponses","authors":"Chethan Ashokkumar , Robert Townsend , Mustimbo Roberts , Lehman Thomas , Brian Gavin , Brianna Spishock , Brandon W Higgs , Rakesh Sindhi","doi":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Belatacept-treated kidney transplant recipients (KT) experience a lower incidence of <em>de novo</em> donor-specific anti-HLA antibody (DSA) formation despite their higher risk of acute cellular rejection. In vitro studies show that concentrations associated with half-maximal suppression (EC50) of target cells correlate with therapeutic trough concentrations (C0). <strong>Purpose:</strong> To determine whether belatacept inhibits B-cell alloantigen presentation and B-cell alloresponse at known therapeutic C0.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from healthy adults were cultured with HLA-mismatched PBL or fluorochrome-labeled alloantigenic lysate and increasing belatacept concentrations. EC50 was calculated with best-fit four-parameter log-logistic function under a Poisson assumption, as described.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After overnight allostimulation, frequencies of alloreactive CD154 + B-cells and their subsets decreased with increasing belatacept concentrations (n = 10). Median (range) EC50s were 1.3 (0.01–37) µg/ml for unfractionated B-cells, 2 (0.03–50) µg/ml for naïve, 3.6 (0.2–92) µg/ml for unswitched memory, 6.2 (0.05–32) µg.ml for transitional, and 7.8 (0.01–101) µg/ml for plasmablasts. Median EC50s were highest at 19 and 31 µg/ml, respectively for CD27- and CD27 + isotype-switched memory B-cells. No effect was seen on B-cell presentation of alloantigen.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>At lower C0 levels of < 10 µg/ml, belatacept suppresses alloresponses of B-cells and most B-cell subsets, thereby explaining lower levels of DSA in kidney transplant patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55047,"journal":{"name":"Human Immunology","volume":"87 1","pages":"Article 111620"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human ImmunologyPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111631
Julie Morin-Genest, Denis Girard
{"title":"Citrullinated vimentin and alpha enolase are expressed at the cell surface of apoptotic human neutrophils","authors":"Julie Morin-Genest, Denis Girard","doi":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cytoskeletal vimentin (Vim) and the alpha-enolase (ENO1) proteins are associated with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. We previously documented that Vim is degraded by caspases and expressed at the cell surface of human apoptotic neutrophils. The aim of the present study was to monitor the expression of Vim, ENO1, and their citrullinated forms (cit-Vim, cit-ENO1) during the regulation of spontaneous human neutrophil apoptosis (SA) by the antiapoptotic cytokine granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and the proapoptotic anti-cancer drug arsenic trioxide (ATO). Although the degradation of Vim during SA was delayed by GM-CSF and accelerated by ATO, no significant degradation of cit-Vim, ENO1, and cit-ENO1 was observed. However, Vim, ENO1, cit-Vim, and cit-ENO1 are expressed at the cell surface of apoptotic neutrophils. These data further support the potential participation of neutrophils in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases as they might be an important source of autoantigens when they undergo apoptosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55047,"journal":{"name":"Human Immunology","volume":"87 1","pages":"Article 111631"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145716761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}