Human Immunology最新文献

{"title":"Modulatory effect of magnesium sulfate on NLRP3 inflammasome expression by human monocytes stimulated in vitro with monosodium urate","authors":"Gabriela de Oliveira Franco ,&nbsp;Mariana Romao-Veiga ,&nbsp;Vanessa Rocha Ribeiro-Vasques ,&nbsp;Patricia Braga da Silva ,&nbsp;Larissa Ragozo Cardoso de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Maria Terezinha Serrao Peracoli ,&nbsp;José Carlos Peracoli","doi":"10.1016/j.humimm.2026.111668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humimm.2026.111668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to inflammation in preeclampsia (PE), a hypertensive pregnancy disorder associated with immune imbalance. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄), the standard therapy for eclampsia, also exhibits anti-inflammatory properties linked to intracellular calcium regulation. This study investigated the modulatory effect of MgSO₄ on NLRP3 inflammasome expression in monocytes from 16 healthy non-pregnant women stimulated with monosodium urate (MSU). Monocytes were cultured in vitro with or without MSU and MgSO₄. Gene and protein expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, and gasdermin D were assessed by RT-qPCR and flow cytometry. The concentrations of IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α, and IL-10 in culture supernatants were measured using ELISA. MSU stimulation increased the expression of NLRP3 and its components, confirming the activation of the inflammasome. Treatment with MgSO₄ significantly reduced the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, gasdermin D, IL-1β, and TNF-α, while increasing IL-10 levels. Additionally, MSU induced intracellular calcium elevation, whereas MgSO₄ significantly decreased calcium concentration. These findings demonstrate that MgSO₄ exerts an immunomodulatory effect on MSU-activated monocytes by downregulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation, pyroptosis, and proinflammatory cytokine production through a calcium-dependent mechanism. This suggests that MgSO₄ may contribute to reducing the exaggerated inflammatory response associated with PE, supporting its therapeutic actions beyond seizure prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55047,"journal":{"name":"Human Immunology","volume":"87 3","pages":"Article 111668"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, update October, November and December 2025","authors":"Steven G.E. Marsh","doi":"10.1016/j.humimm.2026.111669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humimm.2026.111669","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55047,"journal":{"name":"Human Immunology","volume":"87 3","pages":"Article 111669"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene alterations in inborn errors of immunity and their presence in cancers: implications for oncogenesis, progression, and outcomes","authors":"Samuel Lokanc ,&nbsp;Patrick Sipila ,&nbsp;Geoffrey D.E. Cuvelier ,&nbsp;Luis Murguía-Favela ,&nbsp;Nicola AM Wright ,&nbsp;Eyal Grunebaum ,&nbsp;Pinaki Bose ,&nbsp;Aru Narendran","doi":"10.1016/j.humimm.2026.111671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humimm.2026.111671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) are genetic disorders impairing the immune system, increasing susceptibility to infections, autoimmunity, inflammation, and malignancies. Mutations in over 500 genes have been shown to cause IEI. This study investigated IEI-related differential gene expression by examining the somatic transcriptomes of cancers. RNA-sequencing data from cancers were obtained from TCGA and TARGET databases, alongside healthy tissue data from GTEx, and the differentially expressed gene set was filtered for 592 IEI-related genes. To examine the differential expression of genes across cancers, odds ratios were computed for enrichment of IEI-related genes. Pathway analysis on the differentially expressed IEI-related genes identified immune pathways that are significantly represented. IEI-genes that were significantly dysregulated include <em>TMPRSS15</em>, <em>SEMA3E</em>, <em>ANGPT1</em>, <em>CFH</em>, <em>F5, CFB, CFD, CFH,</em> and <em>CR2</em>. Interestingly, complement-related pathways were the most altered in our analysis. Furthermore, IEI-related genes are more likely to be differentially expressed compared to non-IEI genes in certain cancers. This study presents bioinformatic analyses of pan-cancer genomic datasets, identifying distinct IEI-associated gene expression changes. The findings provide insights into the role of immunological pathways, specifically the complement system, in cancer. Further investigation into the identified gene alterations could advance the care of a vulnerable group of cancer patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55047,"journal":{"name":"Human Immunology","volume":"87 3","pages":"Article 111671"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytotoxic and immunomodulatory activity of CD151-LEL-based peptides in breast cancer and THP-1 cells","authors":"Rahul Kumar Vempati ,&nbsp;RamaRao Malla","doi":"10.1016/j.humimm.2026.111676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humimm.2026.111676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CD151, a cell surface oncoprotein belongs to the tetraspanin family, drives metastasis, drug resistance, and immune escape, and is recognized as a tumor-associated antigen (TAA). In the screening phase, a positive correlation between CD151 expression and amplification of CCND1, ERBB2, and MYC genes as well with breast cancer (BC) metastasis was observed using data from different GEO datasets. This study identified three immunogenic peptides within the large extracellular loop (LEL) of CD151 using <em>in silico</em> approaches: one each of CTL and HTL epitope, which bind strongly to class I and II MHC molecules, and one B-cell epitope, eliciting a robust IgG immune response. In the validation phase, a multiepitope was constructed by incorporating high immunogenic peptides and adjuvants, which showed significant antigenicity and broader population coverage. The results also showed a hierarchy in the binding of multiepitope with key immune receptor molecules, highlighting their potential in activating the innate and adaptive immune responses. Furthermore, molecular dynamic simulation and normal mode analysis studies uncovered a strong interaction between the multiepitope construct and TLR2. The simulation of immune system activation by the multiepitope construct using the C-ImmSim web server showed a strong B- and T-cell response with potential activation of natural killer and dendritic cells. The results also showed active antigen internalization by macrophages, their presentation to other immune cells, and IL-2 and IFN-γ secretion. In addition, AntiCP web server predicted both CTL and HTL epitopes as anticancer peptides. The <em>in vitro</em> study validated that synthetic peptides corresponding to CD151-LEL-based CTL and HTL peptides induced cytotoxicity in BC cell lines MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7. They reduced the CCND1mRNA levels in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, while MYC mRNA levels in MCF-7 cells. Also, they significantly induced the secretion of IFN-γ and IL-2 while reducing the secretion of IL-10. Furthermore, conditioned media from the treated BC cells induced the proliferation of PMA treated monocyte like THP-1 cells and provoked the secretion of IL-6, while reducing IL-10. These findings suggest that the CD151-LEL-based peptides and their engineered multiepitope construct represent a prospective vaccine candidate for <em>in vivo</em> experimental validation, which can be used as a therapeutic vaccine for breast cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55047,"journal":{"name":"Human Immunology","volume":"87 3","pages":"Article 111676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146108240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel pathogenic RFXANK variant causing MHC class II deficiency in two unrelated patients from Mexico","authors":"Maria Enriqueta Nuñez-Nuñez ,&nbsp;Lucero Valenzuela-Vazquez ,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Bustamante-Ogando ,&nbsp;Beatriz Bayardo-Gutierrez ,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Lona-Reyes ,&nbsp;Emma Valeria Estrada-Arce ,&nbsp;Ivan Martinez-Duncker ,&nbsp;Saul O. Lugo-Reyes ,&nbsp;Sara Elva Espinosa-Padilla ,&nbsp;Mario Ernesto Cruz-Muñoz","doi":"10.1016/j.humimm.2026.111655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humimm.2026.111655","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55047,"journal":{"name":"Human Immunology","volume":"87 3","pages":"Article 111655"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146013351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reuse of a Living Donor Kidney: A Case Study","authors":"Y. Yin ,&nbsp;F. Prewitt ,&nbsp;J. Nguyen ,&nbsp;J. Tao ,&nbsp;PT. Pham ,&nbsp;E. Kendrick ,&nbsp;N. Nassiri ,&nbsp;JL. Veale ,&nbsp;EF. Reed ,&nbsp;MJ. Hickey","doi":"10.1016/j.humimm.2026.111656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humimm.2026.111656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reuse of a previously transplanted solid organ for another recipient prevents waste of functioning organs. Here, we present a case of a kidney transplant in which the donor had previously received a kidney from a living donor 6 years earlier. We discuss system inefficiencies and gaps that complicate clinical decision making in this context. For example, during allocation donor ID, KDPI and HLA typing misrepresent the kidney that is from a prior donor potentially confounding virtual crossmatching. In addition, samples of PBMC received from the donor are insufficient for physical crossmatching. As well, <em>peri</em>-operative and post-transplant management in this context requires assessment of donor specific antibodies to the current and prior donor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55047,"journal":{"name":"Human Immunology","volume":"87 3","pages":"Article 111656"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ILT4 and its R20H variant as marker of poor prognosis in Spanish patients with colorectal cancer","authors":"Sandra Fernández-Uría ,&nbsp;Christian Vaquero-Yuste ,&nbsp;Elena Álvarez-González ,&nbsp;Cristina Sánchez del Pueblo ,&nbsp;María Luisa Suárez-Solís ,&nbsp;José María Mugüerza-Huguet ,&nbsp;Antonio Arnaiz-Villena ,&nbsp;José Manuel Martín-Villa ,&nbsp;Ignacio Juarez","doi":"10.1016/j.humimm.2026.111670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humimm.2026.111670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Background: Immune checkpoint blockade is proving beneficial for cancer treatment by stimulating the anti-tumor immune response. However, the lack of success in certain cancer types encourages the research of new potential targets. ILT4 (Immunoglobulin-like transcript 4) is a transmembrane protein that binds with high affinity to HLA-G molecules present on tumor cells, modulating responses mediated by monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells.</div><div>Objective: To compare ILT4 expression and the distribution of the LILRB2 rs383369 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), a R20H variant resulting in higher levels of ILT4 expression, in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma of Spanish origin.</div><div>Methods: Seventy-three patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma were included in this study. ILT4 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Genotyping of the rs383369 SNP was performed by PCR-RFLP and further confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Associations were tested with clinical variables, histological differentiation, and survival outcomes.</div><div>Results: Flow cytometric analysis confirmed ILT4 expression in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma. Similarly, immunohistochemistry demonstrated a greater infiltrate of ILT4 + cells in tumor tissue samples compared to distal tissue. The frequency of the rs383369-C (20H) variant was increased in patients with lymph node infiltration, identifying the C allele as a risk variable for tumor progression towards nodal invasion and more severe disease (p-value = 0.035).</div><div>Conclusions: Patients with colorectal tumors exhibit a high infiltrate of ILT4 + cells within the tumors, and the rs383369-C polymorphism is linked to greater pathological severity. These results support the involvement of ILT4 in the development of colorectal tumors, as well as its potential use as a biomarker and therapeutic target.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55047,"journal":{"name":"Human Immunology","volume":"87 3","pages":"Article 111670"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HLA-E gene polymorphism and expression in colorectal cancer patients","authors":"Sabrine Dhouioui ,&nbsp;Nadia Boujelbene ,&nbsp;Marwa Hasni ,&nbsp;Houyem Mansouri ,&nbsp;Hager Bourogâa ,&nbsp;Maroua Jalouli ,&nbsp;Amina Mokrani ,&nbsp;Rym Mchiri ,&nbsp;Abdel Halim Harrath ,&nbsp;Ines Zemni ,&nbsp;Vera Rebmann ,&nbsp;Ines Zidi","doi":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>HLA-E has been proposed as an immunomodulatory molecule in various physiological and pathological contexts. However, few data are available on its involvement in bowel oncogenesis. Our aim was to investigate whether HLA-E gene polymorphism and its expression as soluble molecules (sHLA-E) contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC) pathology in the Tunisian population. A total of 240 CRC patients and 254 age/gender-matched healthy controls (CTRLs) were genotyped for <em>HLA-E*</em>01:01/01:03 polymorphism (rs1264457) using sequence-specific-primers (PCR-SSP). sHLA-E levels in plasma samples (50 CRC patients and 97 CTRLs) were measured by Enzyme linked ImmunoSorbent assay (ELISA). Our results revealed lower frequencies of the <em>HLA-E*</em>01:01 allele (OR = 0.70, 95 %CI = [0.55–0.90], p = 0.005) and <em>HLA-E*</em>01:01/01:01 homozygous genotype (OR = 0.55, 95 %CI = [0.36–0.85], p = 0.005) in CRC patients compared to CTRLs. Furthermore, individuals with <em>HLA-E*</em>01:01 are less likely to develop CRC before the age of 50. After stratifying the patients and CTRLs by gender, it became evident that frequencies of <em>HLA-E*</em>01:03 allele (p = 0.001) and <em>HLA-E*</em>01:03/01:03 genotype (p = 0.004) were significantly higher in female patients compared to female CTRLs. However, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that female patients carrying the <em>HLA-E*</em>01:01 (N = 82) displayed a significant shorter 3-year overall survival (HR = 2.37; 95 % CI = [1.15–4.85], p = 0.01) than non-carriers (N = 37). Additionally, sHLA-E levels in patients were significantly (p = 0.006) reduced in females (1.8 ng/ml) compared to males (2.6 ng/ml). No relationship between sHLA-E levels and HLA-E polymorphism was found. Further, there was no significant association between sHLA-E levels and CRC outcome although enriched sHLA-E molecules were able to downregulated T cells mediated IFN-γ production in a dose-independent manner. Overall, these data suggest that in the Tunisian population, <em>HLA-E*</em>01:01/01:03 gene polymorphism and circulating sHLA-E molecules in female CRC patients may be important factors enabling gender-specific strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of this cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55047,"journal":{"name":"Human Immunology","volume":"87 2","pages":"Article 111652"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prolonged wait times among highly sensitized HLA-B46 homozygous kidney transplant candidates","authors":"Carrie L. Butler ,&nbsp;Loren Gragert ,&nbsp;Anh Du ,&nbsp;Yuxin Yin ,&nbsp;Mario A. Pulido ,&nbsp;Nezar Eltayeb Elsheikh ,&nbsp;Sun-Mi Choi ,&nbsp;Michelle J. Hickey ,&nbsp;Qiuheng J. Zhang ,&nbsp;Olga Timofeeva ,&nbsp;Elaine F. Reed ,&nbsp;Sana Javeed Shaikh ,&nbsp;Mehul Gandhi ,&nbsp;Ling-Xin Chen ,&nbsp;Naeem Goussous ,&nbsp;Sophoclis Alexopoulos ,&nbsp;Richard Perez ,&nbsp;Junichiro Sageshima ,&nbsp;Yihung Huang ,&nbsp;Rebecca A. Sosa","doi":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Individuals who are homozygous for HLA-B46 lack shared epitopes with most other HLA-B antigens and are capable of developing antibodies against all non-self B antigens including Bw4 and Bw6 epitopes. We identified a series of B46 homozygous kidney transplant candidates with long wait times and high cPRAs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective observational analysis was conducted on HLA typing and antibody profiles of deceased donor kidney waitlist candidates at the University of California, Davis. Waiting times among calculated panel reactive antibody (cPRA) and sex subgroups were compared using one-way ANOVA.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 1,772 waitlist candidates, we found seven that were B46-homozygous (all Asian, four females, three males), with three of the seven having cPRAs &gt; 99.98%. The median wait time for the four females was 4,654 days. The highly-sensitized B46 female subgroup had significantly longer waiting times than males (median 1,071 days) and for all other &gt; 99.50% cPRA patients (median 2,299 days).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These highly-sensitized B46 homozygous candidates had a very small pool of HLA-compatible donors and experienced extremely long waiting times. Future studies are needed using registry data to confirm these findings and assess outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55047,"journal":{"name":"Human Immunology","volume":"87 2","pages":"Article 111639"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Better pancreatic adenocarcinoma outcomes linked to anti-EBV TCR CDR3 detection via tumor RNAseq files","authors":"Madeline C. Baker ,&nbsp;Srijit Paul ,&nbsp;Genesis V. Lewis ,&nbsp;Nandini Goel ,&nbsp;Taha I. Huda ,&nbsp;Tushar Singh ,&nbsp;Joanna J. Song ,&nbsp;George Blanck","doi":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is implicated in several cancer types, its potential role in the initiation and progression of pancreatic cancer remains poorly understood. In this study, T-cell receptor (TCR) complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3s) were isolated from tumor-derived RNAseq files of two independent pancreatic adenocarcinoma datasets. Patients found to have exact matches to anti-EBV TCR CDR3s exhibited better overall and disease-free survival across both datasets. For example, for one dataset: 91 cases positive for anti-EBV TCR CDR3s had a median overall survival (OS) of 22.27 months versus 43 cases negative for anti-EBV CDR3s, with a median OS of 14.95 months (logrank p-value = 0.0195). Expression of immune marker genes representing T-cell functions were significantly higher in cases with anti-EBV TCR CDR3s, consistent with a potential role for enhanced anti-viral immune activity in these patients. These findings also suggest that several immune marker genes studied in this report could serve as novel biomarkers for pancreatic adenocarcinoma and may hold clinical value for prognoses. Additionally, genomic anomaly assessments revealed that anti-EBV CDR3–positive samples had significantly lower mutation counts, consistent with a greater role for EBV in supporting the development of pancreatic adenocarcinoma than previously recognized. The findings justify consideration of assessments of EBV status and tumor mutation burdens for patient stratification. Also, EBV-targeted immunotherapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma may be considered for clinical trials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55047,"journal":{"name":"Human Immunology","volume":"87 2","pages":"Article 111633"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}