{"title":"On the Correct Approach to the Modeling and Analysis of Quantitative EMC Proficiency Testing Data for the Purpose of Evaluating Test Laboratory Claims of Competency","authors":"Harry H. Hodes;Din D. Ng","doi":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3467039","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3467039","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional statistical procedures used for analyzing quantitative electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) proficiency test (PT) data are overly simplistic, given that they are implicitly based upon the following erroneous assumptions: first, PT data in a given round constitute a random sample drawn from an underlying population that is distributed normally, and therefore, the normality criteria can used to set the pass/fail threshold for PT participants based upon an arbitrary, predefined choice of \u0000<italic>Z</i>\u0000-value; and second the maximum permissible error values are unimportant and can be ignored. Those two fundamental errors produce misclassified PT pass/fail results, which can have serious economic consequences for both EMC test laboratories and their customers. This article first reviews the published literature on quantitative EMC PT from the standpoint of assessing the statistical methodologies used and how the pass/fail criteria were applied. Next, this article discusses the effects of these statistical procedure errors. Finally, it details a practical, more accurate alternative Bayesian method that incorporates the maximum permissible error as the \u0000<italic>a priori</i>\u0000 information in its analysis model. This method treats the quantitative EMC PT data as a population with no specific presumed distribution.","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"66 6","pages":"1780-1792"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142678477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiarui Qiu;Hanzhi Ma;Fengzhao Zhang;Zengyi Sun;Er-Ping Li
{"title":"Transient Modeling of High-Speed Links Using Transfer Learning-Based Neural Network Initialization","authors":"Jiarui Qiu;Hanzhi Ma;Fengzhao Zhang;Zengyi Sun;Er-Ping Li","doi":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3488058","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3488058","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate and efficient signal integrity modeling methods are crucial in the iterative design process of high-speed links. While data-driven deep learning exhibits robust capabilities for temporal transient modeling, it often ignores the correlations among high-speed links sharing similar structures, necessitating separate retraining for each distinct case. In this study, we propose a new transient modeling approach for high-speed links employing a transfer learning-enhanced deep simple recurrent unit (TL-DSRU) method. The deep simple recurrent unit architecture overcomes the challenges in handling sequential data and parallel processing found in traditional recurrent neural networks, enabling efficient modeling. Our technique leverages the initialization principles of transfer learning, utilizing a pretrained model of a basic high-speed link to enhance the comprehension of more intricate cases. The proposed TL-DSRU model combines parallelization and transfer learning initialization methods to balance training speed and accuracy, thereby enhancing the practicality and generalization potential of neural network-based transient simulation for high-speed links. Comparative experiments demonstrate that the transfer learning-based initialization method substantially outperforms typical neural network random initialization techniques, delivering markedly improved time-domain waveform prediction accuracy across various channels and equalization in high-speed links, as well as yielding more precise predictions of eye diagram parameters.","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"66 6","pages":"2065-2073"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"UWB Far-End Crosstalk Mitigation With “LL” Shaped Defected Tabbed Routing Structures","authors":"Yingcong Zhang;Guoan Wang","doi":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3493142","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3493142","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates a novel approach to mitigate far-end crosstalk (FEXT) in high density interconnects featuring distinctive “LL” shaped defected tabbed routing structures. The integration of “LL” shaped defected patterns and trapezoidal tabs are specifically engineered to concurrently increase capacitive coupling and decrease inductive coupling, mitigating FEXT to a greater extent. The proposed methodology is comprehensively analyzed utilizing the generated equivalent circuit model. Moreover, the capacitance and inductance matrices of coupled line, tabbed routing, and the proposed structures are extracted from full wave simulations and analyzed with numerical equations to ensure an accurate evaluation of FEXT. To validate the efficacy of the proposed designs, the structure prototypes are implemented with FR-4 printed circuit board. The <italic>S</i>-parameters performance and eye diagrams are measured and compared. The measurement results demonstrate that the proposed structure effectively enhances FEXT behavior while ensuring robust high-speed signal propagation along the transmission paths. Specifically, FEXT is reduced by 15 dB within the frequency range of 1–18 GHz, and the maximum reduction of 55 dB at 10.6 GHz. The proposed structure exhibits superior FEXT behavior improvement within a wide frequency range, indicating significant potential for practical wideband high-speed applications.","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"67 1","pages":"247-253"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmed Abdullah, Francesco Musolino, Paolo Stefano Crovetti
{"title":"Detection and Suppression of Intentional EMI Attacks to Smart Speakers","authors":"Ahmed Abdullah, Francesco Musolino, Paolo Stefano Crovetti","doi":"10.1109/temc.2024.3490953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/temc.2024.3490953","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"250 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Importance of the Mathematical Formulation to Get PINNs Working","authors":"Brahim El Mokhtari;Cédric Chauviere;Pierre Bonnet","doi":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3490699","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3490699","url":null,"abstract":"Physics-informed neural networks are a powerful approach that combines deep learning with physical principles to solve complex problems. However, like any method, they do have some drawbacks. The first one is hyperparameter sensitivity such as learning rates, network architectures, and activation functions. Many researchers have devoted their time and energy to design efficient neural network models by searching optimal hyperparameters. In this article, we follow another path by showing that the mathematical formulation of the problem to be solved, has a critical influence on the performance of the model. Electrostatic examples illustrate this.","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"66 6","pages":"2142-2149"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A PEEC-Based Fast Direct Solver for Interconnect L&R Extraction","authors":"Pei Wang;Yongpin Chen;Xiaofeng Que;Jun Hu","doi":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3485887","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3485887","url":null,"abstract":"A fast direct solver based on the partial element equivalent circuit is proposed for extracting the parasitic inductance and resistance of high-speed interconnects in free space. By adopting the magnetoquasistatic assumption, an equivalent circuit model for thin conductors is first constructed, where the negligible displacement current is eliminated. To lower computation costs, the mesh analysis method is then introduced to transform the system matrix of the modified nodal analysis into a compact formulation. Consequently, a hierarchically off-diagonal low-rank matrix format is applied to the resulting matrix for efficient compression and inversion. A sorting strategy is also developed to address the compression challenges posed by multiple zero matrix elements, a common occurrence due to the geometric characteristics of interconnects. The proposed method offers a solution for large and multiport interconnect problems with high accuracy, enhanced efficiency, and reduced memory requirements.","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"67 1","pages":"332-336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation on the Effect of HPM Pulse Width and Repetition Frequency on the AAV","authors":"Zhao Zhang, Yang Zhou, Yang Zhang, Baoliang Qian","doi":"10.1109/temc.2024.3492541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/temc.2024.3492541","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin Yan;Wei Zhang;Sajjad Sadeghi;Mehdi Gholizadeh;David J. Pommerenke;Daryl G. Beetner
{"title":"Mechanisms for Unwanted Magnetic Field Coupling to a Shielded Magnetic Near-Field Probe","authors":"Xin Yan;Wei Zhang;Sajjad Sadeghi;Mehdi Gholizadeh;David J. Pommerenke;Daryl G. Beetner","doi":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3486170","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3486170","url":null,"abstract":"Unwanted field coupling is a major concern when using magnetic near-field probes for high-frequency scanning. The unwanted coupling of the tangential electric field to a tangential magnetic field probe has been studied extensively. This article shows a second unwanted coupling mechanism: coupling from a vertical magnetic field. The standing wave of a shorted pure TEM microstrip in air is utilized to separate the magnetic and electric field coupling. Simulations show that the eddy currents induced within the probe by the vertical magnetic field couple inductively to the pickup loop if the layer stack up is not symmetric. The unwanted magnetic field coupling mechanism is validated through both simulation and measurement. Two improved designs are proposed to mitigate the impact.","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"67 1","pages":"11-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142610606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tyler C. Bowman;Thomas Kmieciak;Laura B. Biedermann
{"title":"Nanosecond Transient Validation of Surge Arrester Models to Predict Electromagnetic Pulse Response","authors":"Tyler C. Bowman;Thomas Kmieciak;Laura B. Biedermann","doi":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3486980","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3486980","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of high-altitude electromagnetic pulse events on the electric grid is not fully understood, and validated modeling of mitigations, such as lightning surge arresters (LSAs) is necessary to predict the propagation of very fast transients on the grid. Experimental validation of high frequency models for surge arresters is an active area of research. This article serves to experimentally validate a previously defined ZnO LSA model using four metal-oxide varistor pucks and nanosecond scale pulses to measure voltage and current responses. The SPICE circuit models of the pucks showed good predictability when compared to the measured arrester response when accounting for a testbed inductance of approximately 100 nH. Additionally, the comparatively high capacitance of low-profile arresters show a favorable response to high-speed transients that indicates the potential for effective electromagnetic pulse mitigation with future materials design.","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"67 1","pages":"286-294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142601268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zihao Ning;Mengmeng Li;Jihong Gu;Dazhi Ding;Chao-Fu Wang
{"title":"Characteristic Mode-Based Resonance Model for Analyzing and Designing Reconfigurable Frequency-Selective Surfaces","authors":"Zihao Ning;Mengmeng Li;Jihong Gu;Dazhi Ding;Chao-Fu Wang","doi":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3486544","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3486544","url":null,"abstract":"A novel resonance model is formulated to evaluate the resonance properties of frequency-selective surfaces (FSSs) using characteristic modes (CMs). This CM-based resonance model, derived from the Poynting theorem, extends its application to accommodate reconfigurable frequency-selective surfaces (RFSSs) by integrating the equivalent circuit of diodes into the impedance matrix of the method of moments. The model not only provides a well-defined physical interpretation with the CMs but also enhances the analysis and design process of FSSs through insightful field perspectives. To illustrate the proposed CM-based resonance model, we exemplify band-stop and band-pass properties using two types of dipole structures, where the substructure impedance matrix transformation is used to account for the interelements coupling. The model is validated through comprehensive full-wave simulation results. Next, a single-layer triband RFSS is further designed with the aid of the formulated model. Prototypes are fabricated and subjected to measurements, revealing good agreement between simulations and experimental results. The confirmed usefulness in guiding the RFSS design of the proposed resonance model is expected to be of potential application in EMI shielding.","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"67 1","pages":"117-127"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}