Infection Genetics and Evolution最新文献

{"title":"Predicting host-pathogen interactions with machine learning algorithms: A scoping review","authors":"Rasool Sahragard ,&nbsp;Masoud Arabfard ,&nbsp;Ali Najafi","doi":"10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms pose a persistent global health challenge. Pathogens exploit host mechanisms through intricate molecular interactions. Understanding these host-pathogen interactions (HPIs), particularly protein-protein interactions (PPIs), is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies. While experimental approaches are essential, they are often labor-intensive and costly. Researchers have been able to predict HPIs more efficiently due to recent advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning. However, existing reviews lack a systematic evaluation of different machine learning methodologies and their effectiveness.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This scoping review critically examines recent studies on machine learning-based Host-Pathogen Interaction (HPI) prediction, categorizing them by host and pathogen types, machine learning algorithms, and key evaluation metrics. The methodology is based on the study beginning with a preliminary search in reputable using key phrases related to host-pathogen interactions from 2019 to 2024. This process yielded 46 relevant articles, from which 30 were selected for review after evaluating titles and abstracts.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our findings indicate that tree-based algorithms, particularly Random Forest and Gradient Boosting, are the most prevalent in Host-Pathogen Interaction (HPI) prediction. The filter articles were categorized by host and pathogen type and further subdivided into four subcategories based on the prediction type and machine learning algorithms: classic, tree-based, vector-based, and neural network algorithms. Convolutional and recurrent neural networks are among the deep learning models that demonstrate promising accuracy, but they require a lot of labeled data for effective training. Additionally, the analysis uncovers significant gaps in dataset standardization and model interpretability, which pose challenges to the broader applicability of these predictive models.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In this review, we emphasize the potential of machine learning in HPI prediction and highlight the important challenges that must be addressed to improve predictive accuracy. Unlike previous reviews, our study systematically compares different computational approaches, offering a roadmap for future research. The findings emphasize the importance of dataset quality, feature selection, and model transparency in advancing AI-driven pathogen research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54986,"journal":{"name":"Infection Genetics and Evolution","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 105751"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First detection and molecular characterization of Mycoplasma species in camels, cattle, buffalo, and their associated ticks from southern Egypt","authors":"Ahmed M. Soliman ,&nbsp;Hassan Y.A.H. Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Moaz M. Amer ,&nbsp;Samah Mohamed ,&nbsp;Tatsuro Hifumi ,&nbsp;Abdelrahman A. Rady ,&nbsp;Alsagher O. Ali ,&nbsp;Walaa F.A. Emeish ,&nbsp;Tetsuya Tanaka","doi":"10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Mycoplasma</em> species are wall-less bacteria that infect multiple mammalian orders, including livestock, and are associated with economically significant diseases. In Egypt, molecular data on the presence and diversity of <em>Mycoplasma</em> spp. in camels, cattle, buffalo, and their associated ticks remain limited, despite their potential impact on livestock health and productivity. This study aimed to detect and genetically characterize <em>Mycoplasma</em> spp. in cattle, buffalo, camels, and their associated ticks in southern Egypt. A total of 571 samples (384 ticks, 50 buffalo, 68 cattle, and 69 camels) were screened using PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene, followed by phylogenetic analysis of representative amplicons. <em>Hyalomma dromedarii</em>, <em>Hyalomma marginatum</em>, and <em>Rhipicephalus annulatus</em> were the tick species collected. Overall, <em>Mycoplasma</em> DNA was detected in 10.3 % of the samples. <em>Mycoplasma ovis</em>-like was identified in 2.9 % of camel blood, 9.4 % of <em>H. dromedarii</em>, 75 % of <em>H. marginatum</em>, and 13.8 % of <em>R. annulatus</em> ticks. <em>Candidatus</em> Mycoplasma haematovis was found in 0.4 % of <em>H. dromedarii</em>, and <em>Mycoplasma wenyonii</em>-like in 13.2 % of cattle and 4 % of buffalo blood. Remarkably, this is the first global detection of <em>M. ovis</em> in camel blood, as well as the detection of <em>M. ovis</em>-like and Ca. M. haematovis in ticks circulating on camels. This study also reports the first detection of <em>M. wenyonii</em>-like in bovines in Egypt and documents <em>M. ovis</em>-like in three tick species parasitizing cattle. The genetic similarities of <em>Mycoplasma</em> sequences from ticks and livestock suggest that these arthropods may serve as potential vectors. These findings highlight the need for additional studies on the zoonotic potential, infectivity, and vector competence of <em>Mycoplasma</em> spp. in Egypt.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54986,"journal":{"name":"Infection Genetics and Evolution","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 105750"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic stability of Mpox virus during in-vitro serial passaging: Insights from mutational analysis","authors":"J. Khurana ,&nbsp;Y. Joshi ,&nbsp;S. Yadav,&nbsp;P.D. Yadav,&nbsp;A.M. Shete","doi":"10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105748","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54986,"journal":{"name":"Infection Genetics and Evolution","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 105748"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Guangzhou, China, from April 2023 to March 2024","authors":"Zhuoyun Li ,&nbsp;Liya Li ,&nbsp;Yuyi Min ,&nbsp;Yaqing Lin ,&nbsp;Yingfen Wen ,&nbsp;Ruiying He ,&nbsp;Jiaojiao Li ,&nbsp;Quanyang Gao ,&nbsp;Fengyu Hu ,&nbsp;Feng Li ,&nbsp;Yun Lan","doi":"10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>After the relaxation of stringent control measures, nationwide large-scale SARS-CoV-2 surveillance was gradually phased out post-2023, transitioning to focused monitoring of Influenza-like Illness (ILI) through sentinel hospitals and laboratory networks. Nationally, surveillance of respiratory pathogens was performed via random sampling, resulting in a lack of microbial monitoring results in Guangzhou China. A crucial area of scientific inquiry is whether the current cases are attributable to the emergence of a novel SARS-CoV-2 variant.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Throat swab samples were obtained from 1478 outpatients and 337 hospitalized patients with fever (temperature ≥ 38 °C) and cough or sore throat to detect SARS-CoV-2. The positive samples were subjected to viral whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Respiratory pathogen multiplex PCR tests were performed on stratified random samples.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 517 (28.48 %) patients. There were higher rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection among women, older patients and those who were hospitalized. A total of 299 high-quality SARS-CoV-2 sequences were obtained, including 12 clades and 71 pango lineages. The advantageous clades evolved over three peak periods of infection, from BA.5 (April 2023) to XBB (June to July 2023) and then to JN.1 (February 2024). A total of 590 distinct amino acid mutations were identified across the sequences. The highest prevalence of mutations was observed for spike protein mutations, with more than 50 % of the three epidemic peaks detected. Epidemiological profiles of interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens exhibit considerable variation across different seasons, with a tendency toward suppression within each.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Surveillance by Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital provides a snapshot of the epidemic in Guangzhou, which is consistent with the national epidemic and offers important data for understanding the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in southern China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54986,"journal":{"name":"Infection Genetics and Evolution","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 105747"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latitude-driven patterns and dynamics in Jingmen group viral lineages: Spatial correlation, recombination, and phylogeography","authors":"You Zhang ,&nbsp;LvYing Wu ,&nbsp;Jun Wang ,&nbsp;Yuan Bai ,&nbsp;Jian Xiao ,&nbsp;Burno Coutard ,&nbsp;Hua Pei ,&nbsp;Fei Deng ,&nbsp;Shu Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global emergence of Jingmen group viruses (JMVs), including Jingmen tick virus (JMTV), Alongshan virus (ALSV), and Yanggou tick virus (YGTV), has significantly broadened our perspective on the potential public health risks posed by segmented flaviviruses. However, the global evolutionary and genetic epidemiology of JMVs remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the spatial correlation, recombination, and phylogeography of JMVs. Our phylogenetic analysis identified three latitudinal lineages: (1) a mid–high-latitude group with YGTV and ALSV, prevalent in Europe and Asia; (2) a mid-latitude group with JMTV in Romania, Turkey, Kosovo, Trinidad, and Tobago; and (3) a mid–low-latitude group with JMTV and the Sichuan tick virus in Brazil, Japan, China, Kenya, and Uganda. The strong correlation between genetic distance and latitude also supports a latitude-dependent evolutionary pattern. Notably, concordance between the phylogenies of dominant tick species and JMVs underscores the pivotal role of tick species in the evolution of JMVs. Furthermore, the detection of frequent intra-lineage recombination and global migration events underscores the ecological pressures and tick-mediated evolutionary mechanisms that propel the global dissemination of emerging segmented flaviviruses. Additionally, the complex interplay of JMV recombination and migration events of JMVs identified here, particularly the recombination between JMTV and ALSV from disparate regions and viral migration across different regions and continents, complicates their evolutionary interrelationships and heightens potential health risks. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into ecological factors and tick species-mediated evolution and transmission that shape the global spread of emerging segmented flaviviruses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54986,"journal":{"name":"Infection Genetics and Evolution","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 105744"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral integration and fusion transcript characteristics of possibly high-risk HPV in cervical cancer","authors":"Hong Liu ,&nbsp;Ruiyi Xu ,&nbsp;Jinglan Chen ,&nbsp;Shuyan Wang ,&nbsp;Lingfang Wang ,&nbsp;Min Wu ,&nbsp;Hui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>HPV34, HPV66, HPV73, and HPV82 are classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as possibly high-risk HPV (pHR-HPV) types. Despite their relatively lower pathogenicity, some cervical cancer (CC) patients have been found to be infected with pHR-HPV, though the underlying pathogenic characteristics remain unclear. Using viral integration detection and RNA sequencing in 8 pHR-HPV⁺ CC samples, we identified that the integration of pHR-HPV into the human genome and the formation of pHR-HPV-human fusion transcripts are critical events in cervical carcinogenesis. These events disrupt normal gene expression and favor the stable expression of oncogenes. Additionally, we discovered that pHR-HPV undergoes alternative splicing from the AGGTA motif. Despite their lower pathogenicity, pHR-HPV integration may represent a significant risk factor for CC development. Our findings underscore the importance of considering pHR-HPV infections in future HPV screening strategies and clinical management of cervical lesions, especially those associated with HPV integration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54986,"journal":{"name":"Infection Genetics and Evolution","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 105746"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143767952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection and identification of goose astrovirus in GuangDong Province, China","authors":"Hao Liu ,&nbsp;Ruyu Sun ,&nbsp;Yaning Wu,&nbsp;Jiayao Feng,&nbsp;Guiying Fan,&nbsp;Shuting Chen,&nbsp;Lixia Li","doi":"10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, Goose Astrovirus (GAstV) has become a major pathogen in China, afflicting geese with significant clinical manifestations like gout and urate deposits in organs. Notably, similar symptoms have emerged in ducks. From 2023 to 2024, 126 liver samples were collected from ducks in Guangdong Province, where farms reported emaciation, paralysis, and deaths. Metagenomic analysis pinpointed GAstV as the primary pathogen, with a 43.65 % confirmed positive rate via qPCR. A new strain, GD2406, was identified, showing 97.5 %–98.8 % similarity to 30 GAstV-2 strains in GenBank. GD2406 displayed 98.3 % and 97.7 % identity with the duck strains HNNY0620 and SDTA, and 98.3 % and 98.4 % identity with highly virulent GAstV strains HNKF-1 and HNSQ-6. Phylogenetic analysis indicated a genetic closeness between GD2406 and the goose strain HB01. There were 13 amino acid mutations, mainly within ORF2, and a single mutation differing from HNKF-1 and HNSQ-6, hinting at significant pathogenic potential for both ducks and geese. This study is the first to report GAstV causing severe symptoms and mortality in Muscovy ducks in Guangdong Province, suggesting ducks could be key hosts and underscoring the risk of cross-species transmission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54986,"journal":{"name":"Infection Genetics and Evolution","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 105745"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological and molecular survey of Coxiella burnetii from the serum of patients suspected of brucellosis in west of Iran","authors":"Saeed Motamedi ,&nbsp;Ehsan Rashidian ,&nbsp;Amin Jaydari ,&nbsp;Heidar Rahimi ,&nbsp;Peyman Khademi","doi":"10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Q fever is a global bacterial disease that affects both humans and animals. The etiological agent of the disease is <em>Coxiella burnetii</em>. The aim of the investigation was to detect the existence of <em>C. burneti</em> in the serum samples of patients with symptoms of fever and suspicion of brucellosis in the west of Iran. In the current survey, 150 Wright agglutination assay were collected from health centers in Lorestan, Hamadan, Ilam, Kermanshah, and Kurdistan provinces in 2023. DNA was extracted from all these samples, which were taken from individuals suspected of having brucellosis. Then, a nested PCR reaction was applied to diagnose <em>C. burnetii</em> for the transposon gene <em>IS1111</em>. The <em>IS1111</em> gene replication assays, indicated that 3.3 % (95 % CI: 1.43 %–3.33 %) of the tested serum samples, were positive for <em>C. burnetii.</em> The highest prevalence of <em>C. burnetii</em> infection was found in the Kurdistan province at 6.67 % (95 % CI: 1.85 %–21.33 %). Additionally, a high affinity (ranging from 99 % to 100 %) was recognized among the <em>IS1111</em> gene sequenced in the present study and those from different area around the world. These results provide strong evidence that individuals with brucellosis in west of Iran may also have <em>C. burnetii</em> co-infection with coxiellosis. Therefore, it is important to consider Q fever as a co-infection in patients suspected of brucellosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54986,"journal":{"name":"Infection Genetics and Evolution","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 105743"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing microbial ecology and antibiotic resistance genes in river sediments","authors":"Seyed Mehrdad Mirsalami ,&nbsp;Mahsa Mirsalami","doi":"10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anthropogenic activities greatly affect the Karon River leading to deterioration of water quality. This investigation utilizes environmental genomic techniques to delineate microbial populations, examine functional genomics, and evaluate the occurrence of virulence determinants and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in fluvial sediment. Taxonomic assessment identified that Firmicutes were the predominant phyla, with Bacillus being the most abundant genus across samples. Functional analysis revealed the metabolic capabilities of sediment-associated bacteria, linking them to biogeochemical processes and potential health impacts. The S2 samples exhibited the highest virulence factor genes, while the S3 samples had the most ARGs (30), highlighting concerns about pathogenicity. Analyzing ARGs provides critical insights into environmental data collected, such as water quality parameters (e.g., nutrient concentrations, pH) or pollution levels, prevalence, and distribution of these resistance factors within the sediment samples, helping to identify potential hotspots of antibiotic resistance in the Karon River ecosystem. The study identified similar operational taxonomic units (OTUs) across sampling sites at the phylogenetic level, indicating a consistent presence of certain microbial taxa. However, the lack of variation in functional classification suggests that while these taxa may be present, they are not exhibiting significant differences in metabolic capabilities or functional roles. These findings emphasize the significance of metagenomic methods in understanding microbial ecology and antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments, suggesting a need for further research into the restoration of microbial functions related to ARGs and virulence factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54986,"journal":{"name":"Infection Genetics and Evolution","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 105738"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MicroRNA sequencing analysis in pediatric patients with influenza-associated acute necrotizing encephalopathy: Potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and therapy","authors":"Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Jiehua Chen ,&nbsp;Yanmin Bao ,&nbsp;Weike Ma ,&nbsp;Ying Xie ,&nbsp;Wenjian Wang ,&nbsp;Meng Li ,&nbsp;Kunling Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) secondary to influenza infection is characterized by fulminant neurological deterioration and a high mortality rate. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear, and specific treatments are currently lacking. Therefore, understanding the pathogenesis and identifying diagnostic and therapeutic targets for influenza-induced ANE are crucial. Peripheral blood samples were collected from two groups: influenza-infected patients without ANE (mild) and influenza infection with ANE patients (severe). Differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified through microRNA sequencing analysis, followed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. The expression levels of the four specific miRNAs were validated using qRT-PCR. In the severe group, 24 genes were up-regulated, and 67 genes were down-regulated compared to the mild group. The expression levels of hsa-miR-1290, hsa-miR-4657, has-miR-1231, and hsa-miR-342-3p were validated by qRT-PCR, and the levels of has-miR-4657 and hsamiR- 342-3p showed significant differences between severe and mild groups. GO analysis demonstrated that the DEGs were predominantly involved in the positive regulation of cellular processes, intracellular anatomical structure, and protein binding. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly enriched in calcium signaling pathway and axon guidance. The down-regulated hsa-miR-4657 and hsa-miR-342-3p might be associated with the development of ANE in pediatric patients with influenza by regulation of calcium pathways and axon guidance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54986,"journal":{"name":"Infection Genetics and Evolution","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 105734"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}