Journal of Electrostatics最新文献

{"title":"Impact of seeding particle properties on PIV accuracy in electrohydrodynamic systems","authors":"Michel Daaboul ,&nbsp;Ihssan Matar ,&nbsp;Christophe Louste","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2026.104261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2026.104261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is a widely utilized technique for visualizing fluid flows, enabling the capture of instantaneous velocity fields with a single measurement. This method requires introducing fine tracer particles into the fluid, illuminating them with a laser source, and recording their motion to determine the velocity distribution. However, in electrohydrodynamic (EHD) systems, the use of these particles introduces challenges due to their interaction with the applied electric field. A key concern is the accumulation of electric charges on particle surfaces, potentially altering the electric field distribution. Charged particles may travel at different velocities from the surrounding fluid, violating the fundamental PIV assumption that particles accurately track fluid motion. Additional issues include particle clumping, filament formation, or adhesion to solid surfaces, which hinder charge transfer in the liquid. Ultimately, particles may absorb all available charges, neutralizing the fluid and reducing its motion. These effects depend strongly on the fluid type and tracer particles used.</div><div>In this study, five particle types were examined: PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), POM (polyoxymethylene), PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), SiO₂ (silicon dioxide), and Vestosint (polyamide powder). Experiments were conducted on a hydrofluoroether dielectric liquid (HFE-7100) in a symmetric cylinder-to-cylinder configuration with a DC voltage applied between electrodes. Repeatability of PIV measurements was evaluated across multiple runs. Particle migration velocity relative to the fluid was analyzed to assess their influence on measurement accuracy. Results showed significant variation in fluid behavior depending on particle type, highlighting the critical role of seeding particle properties in ensuring accurate PIV measurements in EHD systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The state-of-the-art of electrohydrodynamic in multi-phase heat transfer systems – A review of application opportunities, fundamental physics and numerical models","authors":"J. LeMoine,&nbsp;E. Chariandy,&nbsp;M. Koura,&nbsp;A. Ghorbanpour Arani,&nbsp;J.S. Cotton","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2026.104250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2026.104250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrohydrodynamics (EHD) describes the interaction between electric fields and fluids, where induced electro-convection drives fluid motion and enhances heat transfer. This active mechanism enables efficient thermal management, fluid pumping, and phase change control without mechanical components, offering advantages in compact, low-power systems. This review examines the fundamental physics and governing models of EHD with emphasis on its application to multi-phase heat transfer and latent heat thermal storage systems.</div><div>In phase change materials (PCM), EHD improves melting and solidification by generating electro-convective instabilities that thin boundary layers, enhance fluid circulation, and extract solid dendrites, leading to faster and more uniform melting. In two-phase regimes such as condensation and boiling, applied electric fields can promote droplet motion, alter flow patterns, and induce film destabilization, significantly increasing heat transfer coefficients. The ability to modulate voltage, waveform, and frequency provides intelligent control over flow patterns and heat transfer rates, making EHD uniquely adaptable across operating conditions.</div><div>Despite these advances, practical deployment remains limited by challenges in modeling charge injection, field-enhanced dissociation, and multiphase interfacial dynamics. Future progress requires improved numerical techniques capable of resolving transient interfaces, advanced diagnostics for charge and flow visualization, and integration of EHD with complementary enhancement methods. Overall, EHD continues to emerge as a powerful technique for controllable, efficient heat and mass transfer, with promising potential in next-generation multi-phase and thermal energy storage systems.</div><div>This paper presents a review of the current state of the art regarding EHD applications and a discussion regarding the future of the field in transition from scientific exploration to practical and commercial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy-based numerical prediction of electrohydraulic shock wave via a two-stage algorithm","authors":"Siwei Liu ,&nbsp;Yifu Tang ,&nbsp;Yijia Ren ,&nbsp;Yong Zhao ,&nbsp;Yi Liu ,&nbsp;Shudong Yang ,&nbsp;Tomoki Nakajima ,&nbsp;Takehiko Sato","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2026.104258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2026.104258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrohydraulic shock waves (EHSWs) from pulsed discharges in liquids are used in diverse applications, where the peak pressure is particularly critical for inducing mechanical impacts. However, accurate numerical prediction of shock wave profiles typically requires high-performance computing, which limits routine use for end users. This paper presents a two-stage algorithm for the prediction of EHSWs generated by high-current pulsed discharges in weakly compressible liquids. Stage 1 computes the temporal evolution of the discharge channel and the pressure using energy-based equations with a coarse time step. Stage 2 reconstructs the spatial pressure distribution under an acoustic approximation and a cylindrical piston representation, enabling rapid evaluation with minimal computational cost within the intended operating regime. The approach is validated against two experiments: a high-current pulsed discharge and a current-interception configuration, while maintaining &lt;2.5 % error in peak pressure across parameter sets. Parametric analysis further highlights that effective energy unifies the scaling of peak pressure across circuits, providing actionable guidance for circuit design under typical high-current discharge conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma properties and coupling characteristics of shock waves induced by nanosecond-pulse three-electrode dual-spark SDBD","authors":"Fangyuan Wang,&nbsp;Nan Jiang,&nbsp;Zunrong Sheng,&nbsp;Yongqiang Fu,&nbsp;Jie Li","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2026.104256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2026.104256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ice accumulation on windward components of the wind turbine can lead to a significant reduction in efficiency and even trigger security incidents. This work introduces a novel three-electrode dual-spark surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD), which combines the streamer mode for de-icing by generating heat and the dual-spark mode for ice breaking via shock waves. Firstly, the characteristics in different discharge modes and the discharge mode transition are investigated using electrical and optical diagnostics, enabling reliable control of the discharge modes. Subsequently, the spatiotemporal evolution of aerodynamic performance induced by pulsed dual-spark discharge is examined through schlieren imaging system. The initial shock wave velocity can reach up to 519 m/s. And the shock wave velocity exhibits a characteristic of exponential decay with time, eventually decaying to the speed of sound and propagating outward. And a pronounced enhancement of pressure wave intensity is observed at the interaction region of the two shock waves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104256"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147398204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the initial charge on the charging and neutralization states of dielectric particles crossing a corona discharge","authors":"Abdelhafid Bouchelkha ,&nbsp;Miloud Kachi","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2026.104259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2026.104259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a detailed investigation into how the magnitude and polarity of an initial electrostatic charge influence the subsequent charging of dielectric particles as they pass through a coaxial corona electrode. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) particles with diameter 2.5 – 4 mm were pre-charged to various levels, using both positive and negative polarities, before being introduced into a DC corona discharge region. To encompass all relevant configurations, the corona discharge was operated with either the same or opposite polarity as the particles’ initial charge. The charging capability of the particle–corona system was assessed through the relationship between the charge acquired by the particles and the charge released by the corona discharge, while also considering the limitations imposed by particle saturation and self-discharge. The relationship between the corona charge released and the amount of charge captured by a single particle during its residence time in the ionized region is determined through analysis of the discharge current and particle charge measurements. The results reveal a strong dependence of the final particle charge on the ratio of the initial charge to the saturation charge. Two distinct behaviors were identified: (i) when the initial charge is below the saturation level or of opposite polarity, particles continue to accumulate charge until reaching saturation; (ii) when the initial charge has the same polarity but exceeds the saturation level, particles lose charge until converging to the saturation value. This latter, less frequently observed scenario is examined in depth. To further interpret these findings, the induced charge on the metallic components of the electrode—specifically the wire and the cylindrical collector—was analyzed in attempt to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for charge reduction when the initial charge substantially exceeds the saturation limit. Several mechanisms are considered, whose relative contributions may vary depending on the initial charge magnitude.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bench-scale tribocharging of polyethylene: Role of gas type, temperature and relative humidity","authors":"Talha Mukarram Syed,&nbsp;Grissel Myrtle Fernandes,&nbsp;Nikhil Sridhar,&nbsp;Poupak Mehrani","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2026.104254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2026.104254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bench-scale shake tests were conducted using linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) resin in controlled environments of argon, nitrogen, and ambient air to investigate how gas type (argon vs. nitrogen), relative humidity (10–75 % RH), and temperature (23 and 65 °C) affect charge buildup. Tests involved single and multiple particles shaken in an aluminum cup, and a stainless-steel cup coated with LLDPE resin. Under low-humidity (RH &lt; 3 %) conditions, charge accumulation with nitrogen was 50 % higher than with argon, due to differences in the gases' dielectric strengths. Ambient air with an RH of ∼38 % resulted in a saturation charge like argon, as increased moisture diminished charge buildup. Across an RH range of 10–75 %, minimal variation in average particle charge was observed below 40 %, but higher relative humidities caused a notable decline in charge accumulation. Elevated temperatures decreased charge buildup under nitrogen, while argon showed no significant change, highlighting a gas-dependent response to temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104254"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mechanism of ionic self-phoresis","authors":"Alvaro Domínguez ,&nbsp;Mihail N. Popescu","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2026.104240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2026.104240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study critically the mechanism of ionic self-phoresis of a chemically active particle immersed in an electrolyte, i.e., the self-propulsion due to activity-induced gradients in the ionic distribution. The chemical activity of the particle is not only responsible for these gradients, but also contributes to the phoretic response. As a consequence, a mechanism of phoresis is unveiled which does not rely on the existence of a double layer at the surface of the particle. This disproves the frequently invoked paradigm that “self-phoresis is like usual phoresis but in a self-generated gradient”.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal modulation of triboelectric nanogenerator pulsed output and its application in agricultural environmental monitoring systems","authors":"Zhihao Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiao Wang ,&nbsp;Yang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2026.104239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2026.104239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), characterized by pulsed output, high voltage, and high internal impedance, enable efficient energy storage via passive power management circuits (PMCs). While switches are commonly used to shape pulses for impedance matching, prior research has largely treated the pulse as a monolithic event, overlooking the differential impact of its specific temporal parameters (e.g., rise time, pulse width). This study focuses on the impact mechanism of temporal modulation on PMC performance, and improves the energy storage efficiency of PMC by dynamically adjusting the time dimension parameters of TENG output signals. At constant pulse height, shorter pulse durations correlate with higher efficiency, with maximum simulated efficiency reaching 48.4 %. Crucially, the change rate of the rising edge—not pulse width—governs efficiency: higher change rates improve efficiency and reduce TENG internal impedance. Experimental validation using a needle-plate discharge switch confirms that PMC with larger impedance inductors achieve 47.6 % efficiency. Multi-load tests further characterize output voltage dynamics of PMC. The proposed strategy, successfully applied in a self-powered agricultural monitoring system, advances sustainable agricultural efficiency, offering critical technological support for smart agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The critical influence of particle charge neutralization on surgical mask and N95 respirator filtration efficiency","authors":"Panich Intra","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2026.104246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2026.104246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the critical influence of particle charge neutralization on the particle filtration efficiency (PFE) of surgical mask media and N95 respirator media across various inhalation face velocities. Surgical masks rely heavily on electrostatic attraction from charged electret fibers to achieve high filtration ratings. We compared the PFE of both mask types under three aerosol charge conditions—highly charged (Non-Neutralizer), X-ray neutralized, and Corona Discharge neutralized—at three face velocities (15.9 cm/s, 10.6 cm/s, and 5.3 cm/s) using 100 nm test particles. Results confirmed that the X-ray neutralizer achieved the closest state to the theoretical Boltzmann charge equilibrium for 100 nm particles (∼19 % charged fraction), establishing the lowest baseline for mechanical filtration efficiency. Filtration efficiency was highest in the Non-Neutralizer condition (up to ∼ 98 %). For surgical masks, the electrostatic contribution was maximized at the high face velocity of 15.9 cm/s, accounting for a drop of up to 20 % in PFE upon neutralization. In contrast, the N95 respirator media maintained an FE of≥95 % even when the challenge aerosol was completely neutralized by the X-ray Neutralizer, fulfilling the minimum requirements of the TIS 2480–2563 standard. The Corona Discharge neutralizer consistently yielded higher PFE values than the X-ray neutralizer for both mask types, suggesting it fails to completely establish a neutral equilibrium. This work quantitatively demonstrates that while surgical mask performance is critically dependent on electrostatic forces, N95 compliance is guaranteed by its inherently robust mechanical filtration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104246"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magneto-electroosmotic stirring-on-demand: A pathway to enhanced molecular transport in microfluidics applications","authors":"L. Gonzalez ,&nbsp;C. Biscara ,&nbsp;J.-M. Roux ,&nbsp;L. Davoust","doi":"10.1016/j.elstat.2026.104255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.elstat.2026.104255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing molecular transport in microfluidic systems remains challenging because of the very low Reynolds numbers involved. Here, we demonstrate efficient microscale stirring by coupling an electroosmotic flow with an externally applied non-uniform magnetic field. An axial electroosmotic flow is generated in a saline solution-filled microchannel by an applied voltage, while magnetic field inhomogeneity is introduced using a wall-mounted permanent magnet, without modifying the device architecture. Experiments and numerical simulations reveal the formation of upstream and downstream recirculating flows in the resulting electro-magneto-hydrodynamic (EMHD) regime. The localized magnetic induction thus acts as an effective online vorticity generator in the presence of electroosmotic flow, enabling simple and flexible stirring-on-demand. Beyond practical applications such as biological manipulation, this work provides fundamental insight into EMHD flows at low hydrodynamic, electric, and magnetic Reynolds numbers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrostatics","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104255"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}