Journal of Hospital Infection最新文献

{"title":"Conditions for air cleanliness in a unidirectional airflow ventilation, during orthopaedic joint replacement procedures.","authors":"Ida-Linnea Böregård, Sven Bringman, Christine Leo Swenne, Ann-Christin Von Vogelsang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhin.2025.05.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2025.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Microbiological air contamination in the operating room (OR) is associated with the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs) after joint replacement procedures. Recommendations define the level of microbiological air cleanliness by the number of colony-forming units (cfu) in an OR. Airborne microorganisms originate from the staff and unidirectional airflow (UDAF) ventilation is effective in the OR, providing filtered air to create ultraclean zones.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the air cleanliness in the demarcation zone during joint replacement procedures and describe the limitations for optimal air cleanliness in an UDAF ventilation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a cross-sectional design, cfu were measured using active air sampling in an OR with UDAF. Comparative measures were taken between demarcation and outer zone, supplemented by observations of staff numbers, traffic flow and movements.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>A total of 166 samples were collected during 20 arthroplasty procedures. There were significantly more cfus in the outer zone than in the demarcation zone (P < 0.001). The only significantly predictor associated for higher cfu counts were the numbers of persons in the outer zone (odds ratio: 2.566; 95% confidence interval: 1.306-5.044; P = 0.006). Observations associated with higher cfu counts were method or organisational related.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Air cleanliness in UDAF ventilation was better in the demarcation zone compared to the outer zone, and the number of persons in the outer zone was associated with decreased air cleanliness. Intraoperative movements could cause higher cfu counts in demarcation zone, but further studies are needed to evaluate the consequences of staff movements.</p>","PeriodicalId":54806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hospital Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hospital-wide outbreak of ESBL-producing Klebsiella oxytoca associated with contaminated sinks and associated plumbing: outbreak report, risk factor analysis and plasmid mapping.","authors":"Jon Edman-Wallér, Jenny Andersson, Maria Nelson, Linda Hallberg, Lisa Berglund, Henrik Mellström Dahlgren, Oskar Lindsjö, Vilhelm Müller, Joacim Stalfors","doi":"10.1016/j.jhin.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe a sink-related outbreak of Klebsiella oxytoca and determine risk factors for acquiring the outbreak strain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Case-control analysis, environmental sampling from sinks, short-read whole genome sequencing and long-read whole genome sequencing of selected isolates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Whole genome sequencing revealed genetic clustering of 47 patient cases over 26 months. The outbreak strain (Klebsiella oxytoca, sequence type 2, with or without blaCTX-M containing plasmid) was also identified in sinks or adjacent plumbing in four rooms in two wards. After adjustment for age, sex, and length of stay, four significant risk factors for infection or colonization of the outbreak strain were found: age (OR per additional year: 1.03 (95% CI: 1.00-1.07); length of stay (OR per additional day: 1.04 (95% CI: 1.02-1.08); urinary catheter (OR: 7.65 (95% CI: 2.10-27.8; OR per additional day: 1.06 (95% CI: 1.01-1.12); and diarrhoea (OR: 3.10 (1.03-9.35). Long-read plasmid sequencing revealed strong indications of plasmid transmission from the outbreak strain to other sequence types of Klebsiella oxytoca. Multifaceted interventions were employed, including exchange of sinks strainers, traps, and piping, behavioural interventions, and reinforced cleaning and disinfection. Outbreak control has so far not been achieved despite interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Klebsiella oxytoca established in sink plumbing biofilm was associated with a prolonged outbreak difficult to control. Age, length of stay, urinary catheter and diarrhoea were risk factors for acquiring the outbreak strain. Both clonal and horizontal transmission occurred.</p>","PeriodicalId":54806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hospital Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining water safety in healthcare premises.","authors":"M Weinbren, M Meda, J Hopman, G Fucini, W Sunder","doi":"10.1016/j.jhin.2025.04.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2025.04.017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hospital Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Brushing Efficacy for Gastroscopes Using Different Brush Types Under Simulated Contamination Conditions.","authors":"Jinying Li, Wenqian Hu, Chenying Zhou, Yuxin Ge, Qing Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhin.2025.04.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2025.04.029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Channel-cleaning brushes are an important tool in the reprocessing of endoscopes.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the efficacy of cleaning brushes composed of various materials in removing organic matter from the biopsy channels of flexible endoscopes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 168 cleaned gastroscopes were randomly divided into six groups (A, B, C1, C2, C3, and D) based on the specific characteristics of four different types of cleaning brushes. A suspension containing 12% bovine serum and 10ˆ6 units of Escherichia coli was injected into the biopsy channels of each endoscope to ensure sufficient contamination. After a 5-minute incubation period, brushing and sampling were performed according to the experimental protocol. The effectiveness of the cleaning process was evaluated using a protein detection test (PDT) and an adenosine triphosphate test (ATP).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cleaning brushes constructed from metal demonstrated superior performance in removing organic matter from flexible endoscopes compared to those made of plastic (p < 0.05). Similarly, brushes with bristles made of cylindrical DuPont fibres exhibited superior cleaning efficacy compared with those made of strip microfibres or caterpillar polyolefin (p < 0.05). The brush was passed through the biopsy channel four times and achieved better results than passing it once or twice (100%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>From the perspective of cleaning outcomes and economic benefits, the use of cylindrical DuPont fibre bristles and metal shaft cleaning brushes during the reprocessing of flexible endoscopes, combined with a cleaning technique involving four brushing passes through the biopsy channel, can more effectively remove organic matter.</p>","PeriodicalId":54806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hospital Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144082150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the bactericidal efficacy of a new potassium monopersulphate-based disinfectant.","authors":"P P Barbosa, D M Leme, N G Motta, W L E Magalhães, J L Proenca-Modena, J-Y Maillard","doi":"10.1016/j.jhin.2025.04.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2025.04.033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae are common pathogens responsible for hospital-acquired infections. Both species can survive on surfaces following desiccation and form dry surface biofilms (DSB), which complicates the disinfection process.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of an innovative potassium monopersulphate-based nanotechnology formulation (MPS) against both planktonic and sessile S. aureus and K. pneumoniae.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The bactericidal efficacy of MPS was tested in comparison with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), which served as controls. The assessment was performed against planktonic bacteria, hydrated biofilm, and dry surface biofilm (DSB) using standard suspension and carrier tests. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to identify any gross structural damage.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>MPS (2% w/v) achieved a ≥4 log₁₀ reduction in K. pneumoniae with a short contact time, regardless of the test protocol. S. aureus proved more resilient, but the introduction of wiping reduced the contact time needed to achieve a 4 log₁₀ reduction from 15 to 5 minutes. SEM analysis revealed gross structural damage in both species following MPS treatment. The other disinfectants tested were also bactericidal, achieving ≥4 log₁₀ reduction within 1-5 minutes, with the exception of DDAC against hydrated biofilms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The potassium monopersulphate-based formulation was found to be an effective bactericide, including against dry surface biofilms (DSB). Its efficacy compares favourably with other biocides commonly used in healthcare settings, and its biodegradability makes it a promising candidate for further development. However, optimisation of the mechanical removal process will be essential to enhance MPS efficacy in practical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":54806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hospital Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144082152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the hospital robustness to antibiotic-resistant bacteria spread in a large German university hospital.","authors":"Giovanna Donvito, Fabian Bürkin, Tjibbe Donker","doi":"10.1016/j.jhin.2025.04.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2025.04.032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patient transfers between hospital departments and wards frequently occur, and bring with them the risk of inter-department transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). These bacteria form a risk to the patients already susceptible to colonisation and infection.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Goal of this study is to assess the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the intra-hospital network of a large German university hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data collected from the hospital between 2019 and 2023 we developed a model to represent an intra-hospital transfer network with all patient movements among all the wards, by creating a time-sliced temporal network for each month. We described the network and assessed its robustness against ARB spread by simulating outbreaks among wards.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Over the years studied, we found that in April 2020, when many elective surgeries were cancelled due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the robustness of the network strongly increased in comparison to all other months. Despite the network being relatively stable over the study period, it was affected by an internal change of hospital structure due to a hospital merging event.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The intra-hospital transfer network was affected by external influences due to the pandemic, slowing down the potential spread of the nosocomial pathogens. The network was generally stable and quickly recovered, although an internal force affected the structure of the network. A better understanding of the influence of patient transfers will help to design intervention strategies against the spread of antimicrobial resistance within hospitals.</p>","PeriodicalId":54806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hospital Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144082155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining a genomic threshold for investigating Pseudomonas aeruginosa hospital outbreak.","authors":"Sara Romano-Bertrand, Maxine Virieux-Petit, Florian Mauffrey, Laurence Senn, Dominique S Blanc","doi":"10.1016/j.jhin.2025.04.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2025.04.028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>When investigating Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) outbreak, the clonality of isolates should be demonstrated using molecular typing method. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is the new Gold Standard for bacterial genotyping, but results interpretation must be careful about considering isolates as part of the same chain of transmission.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine genomic threshold to identify recent transmission events considering the spatiotemporal scale of the outbreak.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PA outbreaks occurring in our hospital during the past 15 years were retrospectively analysed by both core-genome MLST and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in regards of epidemiological data. Our results were discussed in the light of previous published literature employing WGS to investigate hospital outbreaks of PA.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>14 investigations of PA outbreaks in our hospital were included, lasting a few days to 9 years. Isolates belonging to a same chain of transmission presented up to 13 loci differences and 25 SNPs. These results were in accordance with the 19 published outbreaks that mostly reported a similarity among epidemiologically related isolates below 15-25 SNPs. The impact of time and space on the threshold of eligible SNPs or loci differences was possibly masked by other factors including the genotype, the number of isolates included in the WGS analysis, the path of transmission and the presence of environmental reservoir.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study emphasizes the need to integrate genomic thresholds with epidemiological data, especially when environmental reservoirs or hypermutators are involved, to accurately assess transmission dynamics and outbreak origins.</p>","PeriodicalId":54806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hospital Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of tissue adhesive application on central line-associated bloodstream infections: A multi-centre retrospective study.","authors":"Yohan Kwon, Dong Jae Shim, Jae Hwan Lee, Doyoung Kim, Seung Hwan Baek, Jinoo Kim, Eun Jin Kim, Youn Jeong Kim, Tae Won Choi, Je Hwan Won","doi":"10.1016/j.jhin.2025.04.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2025.04.030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate whether tissue adhesive (TA, 2-octyl blended with n-butyl cyanoacrylate) application to centrally/femorally inserted central catheters (CICCs/FICCs) exit sites could reduce the occurrence of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective review with historical controls was conducted in three tertiary care institutions. The TA group was established from December 2021 to July 2022 with the simultaneous initiation of TA application to the exit site of CICCs/FICCs. Patients in the control group received CICCs/FICCs before TA application between February 2021 and November 2021. Adverse event (AE) rates, including CLABSI, oozing, dislocation, and skin problems, were compared between groups. Risk factors were analysed using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW)-adjusted Cox analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The TA group comprised 1,061 patients (median age=62 years; interquartile range [IQR], 51-72; men=549), while the control group included 1,049 patients (median age=61 years; IQR, 50-72; men=516). The CLABSI rate was significantly lower in the TA group (1.84/1,000 catheter-day) compared with the control group (3.66/1,000 catheter-days), with a rate ratio of 0.5 (95% confidence interval, 0.28-0.87; p=0.01). Dislocation rates were not significantly different in the two groups (p=0.45). Pruritus and blisters at the exit-site occurred slightly more often in the TA group (TA=36, control=25, p=0.16), whereas the oozing rate was significantly lower (TA=120, control=158, p=0.01). IPTW-adjusted analysis revealed TA as risk-reducing factor (p=0.003), while age (p=0.04) and triple-lumen (p=0.04) were significant risk factors for CLABSI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TA application at CICCs/FICCs exit sites could significantly lower CLABSI rates without serious AEs.</p>","PeriodicalId":54806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hospital Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143996535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silver-Based Dressings for Surgical Site Infection Prevention: Evidence from Randomized Trials.","authors":"Salma Younes, Nadin Younes, Shaden Abunasser, Faleh Tamimi, Gheyath Nasrallah","doi":"10.1016/j.jhin.2025.04.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2025.04.026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a major cause of postoperative complications, increasing morbidity and healthcare costs. Silver-based dressings are commonly used due to their antimicrobial properties, but their effectiveness in reducing SSIs remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the efficacy of silver-based dressings compared to non-silver dressings in preventing SSIs in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase to identify RCTs comparing silver-based to non-silver dressings for SSI prevention. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024592966). Meta-analysis using random-effects models calculated pooled risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed with the I² statistic, and publication bias evaluated through funnel plots and Egger's test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>12 RCTs with 2,928 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Silver-based dressings significantly reduced SSI risk by 40% compared to non-silver dressings (RR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.41-0.89, p<0.05), with moderate heterogeneity (I² = 53%) CONCLUSIONS: : Silver-based dressings significantly reduce the risk of SSIs; however, further high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm their benefits across different surgical contexts and patient populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":54806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hospital Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144048421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical Site Infections Complicating Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery in Australia: time trends in infection rates, surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis and pathogens using a comprehensive surveillance network, 2010-2023.","authors":"Stephanie K Tanamas, Lyn-Li Lim, Ann L Bull, Michael J Malloy, Judith Brett, Zorica Dickson, Leon J Worth, N Deborah Friedman","doi":"10.1016/j.jhin.2025.04.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2025.04.027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study reports trends in the epidemiology of surgical site infections (SSI) complicating coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and describes changes in surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP) compliance and causative pathogens over time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on CABG procedures from 2010 to 2023 submitted to the Victorian healthcare-associated infection surveillance coordinating centre were analyzed. Trends in the SSI rate and choice, timing and duration of SAP were modelled using Poisson regression. The most common pathogens causing SSI and their change over time were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>32,446 CABG procedures were reported during the study period. Sternal SSI rate decreased from 2.7 per 100 procedures in 2010 to 1.6 per 100 procedures in 2023, representing a 15% annual decrease when the model was adjusted for the number of years of participation in surveillance. This decrease was most marked during the first decade (IRR 0.70 [95% CI 0.64, 0.76]) followed by stable rates between 2020 and 2023 (IRR 1.08 [95% CI 0.93, 1.27]). Compliance with SAP choice was consistently above 98%, while compliance with timing increased by an average of 1% per year to 83%, and compliance with duration fluctuated between 75% and 86%. The most frequent pathogens responsible for SSI were Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The proportion of sternal and donor site SSIs involving Gram-negative pathogens increased from 38% to 59%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This analysis of 14 years of surveillance data for SSI complicating CABG procedures highlighted a reduction in rates of SSI, high rates of compliance with antimicrobial choice for SAP, and predominance of S. aureus as a causative pathogen of SSI in our region. Notably, we observed Gram-negative pathogens, particularly S. marcescens, to be responsible for a larger proportion of SSIs over recent years.</p>","PeriodicalId":54806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hospital Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}