Journal of Hospital Infection最新文献

{"title":"AI for Hospital Infection Prevention and Control: Real-World Implementation, Impact, and the Gap Beyond Model Development.","authors":"Gianmarco Sirago, Fiorenza Zotti, Federica Mele, Federica Misceo, Biagio Solarino, Alessandro Dell'Erba, Davide Ferorelli","doi":"10.1016/j.jhin.2026.04.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2026.04.019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) may strengthen hospital infection prevention and control (IPC) through automated surveillance, early warning, and decision support, but the evidence base is fragmented and often limited to retrospective model development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a PRISMA 2020 systematic review to synthesize studies of AI/ML in acute-care hospital IPC, distinguishing implemented systems integrated into workflows from non-implemented development/validation studies. On January 17, 2026, we searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and Cochrane CENTRAL. Two reviewers independently screened records and assessed full texts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 7,089 records identified, 2,061 duplicates were removed; 5,028 titles and abstracts were screened; 177 full texts were assessed; and 59 studies were included. Only 9/59 studies reported real-world implementation (6 pilot, 3 routine), whereas 50/59 remained development/validation only. Conventional machine learning predominated (42/59), followed by natural language processing (8/59), deep learning (5/59), and rule-based or expert systems (4/59). Implemented studies more often reported process and operational outcomes than standardized infection outcomes, and rarely quantified unintended consequences such as unnecessary isolation or alert fatigue. Risk of bias and applicability concerns were common, particularly regarding transportability and confounding in uncontrolled pre-post evaluations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AI/ML for hospital IPC shows promise, but translation into routine practice remains limited. Safer adoption requires implementation-focused study designs, standardized IPC-relevant outcomes, and lifecycle governance with continuous monitoring after deployment.</p>","PeriodicalId":54806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hospital Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Standard Precautions versus Proactive Containment for Nosocomial Candida auris Outbreaks: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Jaime David Acosta-España, Pamela Abigail Flores-Roman, Nayely Sofia Vasquez-Chiriboga","doi":"10.1016/j.jhin.2026.04.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2026.04.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The environmental resilience and exogenous transmission dynamics of Candida auris pose persistent challenges for nosocomial infection control, and current international guidelines rely heavily on episodic chemical disinfection. Therefore, this study aims to mathematically quantify the operational efficacy of these standard, guideline-based infection protocols compared against advanced, proactive containment strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted utilizing PubMed and Scopus for the period 2016-2025. We structurally compared the consensus mandates of 7 international public health guidelines with empirical data extracted from 23 clinical outbreak cohorts. Random-effects modeling utilizing the Mantel-Haenszel method was applied to estimate pooled failure proportions and comparative risk ratios (RR).</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Guideline-mandated standard contact precautions and episodic chemical disinfection, when utilized as isolated strategies, yielded a pooled operational failure and recontamination proportion of 0.708 (95% CI: 0.559-0.830). Conversely, the implementation of proactive containment strategies was associated with a 79% reduction in transmission risk (RR, 0.21; 95% CI: 0.12-0.37; P < .001). The highest outbreak-termination efficacy was achieved through the targeted withdrawal of highly handled, reusable clinical fomites (RR, 0.08; 95% CI: 0.02-0.32), complemented by admission rapid molecular screening (RR, 0.19; 95% CI: 0.04-0.97).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Standard reactive chemical disinfection and contact precautions exhibit high operational failure rates in halting nosocomial transmission of C. auris. Optimizing infection prevention protocols requires a transition toward proactive interventions, specifically prioritizing diagnostic acceleration and the rigorous management of reusable clinical fomites.</p>","PeriodicalId":54806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hospital Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted MRSA decolonisation reduces the risk of subsequent MRSA infection - a quasi-experimental study.","authors":"Alfred Lok Hang Lee, Gloria Chor Shan Chiu, Po Yi Wong, Tsz Kin Leung, Eddie Leung Chi Man, Mei Kwan Mung, Tracy Hang Yee Ho, Grace Chung Yan Lui, Alice Lai Ping Yiu, Viola Chi Ying Chow","doi":"10.1016/j.jhin.2026.04.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2026.04.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>We investigated the effect of a hospital-wide targeted MRSA decolonisation program on the risk of subsequent MRSA infection and/or bacteraemia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a before-and-after comparison study that took place in a university-affiliated hospital in Hong Kong. In-patient MRSA decolonisation with nasal mupirocin and chlorhexidine shower or washcloths was introduced to all adult patients with MRSA from 27 August 2024. Patients with MRSA with decolonisation in the period from 27 August 2024 to 20 August 2025 were designated as the intervention group. Patients with MRSA without decolonisation in the period from 4 August 2023 to 10 August 2024 were designated as the control group. All patients were followed up until 20 November 2025. Two outcomes were examined: 1. the time to the next MRSA in any clinical specimen, and 2. the time to the next MRSA in blood culture. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression was used to analyze the effect of intervention on the time to the first positive MRSA infection and the time to the next MRSA bacteraemia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 932 patients in intervention group and 996 in control group. The median age of was 79 years, and M:F ratio was 1.56:1. The intervention group was associated with a lower risk of subsequent MRSA infection (aHR = 0.77, p = 0.015). A trend towards reduction in subsequent MRSA bacteraemia was detected in the intervention group (aHR = 0.52, p = 0.054).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Hospital-wide targeted MRSA decolonisation was associated with a lower risk of subsequent MRSA infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":54806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hospital Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistent cluster of NDM-1 carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae among patients attending a haematology ward in England.","authors":"Kate Wilson, Ginny Moore, Jane F Turton, Trevor Brooks, O Martin Williams, Charles R Beck, Matt Edmunds, Derren Ready","doi":"10.1016/j.jhin.2026.04.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2026.04.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are known to cause sporadic outbreaks in healthcare settings and can be challenging to manage due to environmental and human colonisation.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Our aim was to identify common exposures among a cluster of cases with NDM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a single ward, using epidemiological, genomic and environmental investigation, to identify possible sources and inform targeted control measures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cases were patients on the ward with laboratory confirmed K. pneumoniae with NDM-1 sequence type 15 identified via variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis and clustered by whole-genome sequencing. Case exposure information was collected through reviewing patient notes and hospital floor plans. Environmental samples were taken from ward surfaces on two occasions and cultured to isolate CPE.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Twelve cases (four infections and eight colonisations) were identified over a 3.5-year period. Of the first nine cases that occurred after the index case, eight were inpatients on the ward at the same time as at least one other case, and six occupied a patient side-room after a positive case had occupied that room. NDM-1-producing K. pneumoniae with the same VNTR profile as the clinical isolates were recovered from the ward environment, including from the drain of a handwash basin which had been installed to replace one that tested positive during the first environmental sampling.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We demonstrated that persistent, multi-year clusters of CPE in hospitals occur, and long-term environmental reservoirs may persist following remediation measures. Understanding the epidemiology, supplemented with targeted environmental sampling, can help to identify potential sources of CPE in healthcare settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":54806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hospital Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation and sustainment of a structured hand hygiene group in an oncology hospital: a key factor for improving the hand hygiene performance.","authors":"Vitor Falcão de Oliveira, Michely Fernandes Vieira, Débora de Oliveira Lopes, Odeli Nicole Encinas Sejas, Maria Rita da Silva, Camila da Silva Bicalho, Edson Abdala","doi":"10.1016/j.jhin.2026.04.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2026.04.016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hand hygiene (HH) is central to infection prevention, but evidence from oncology hospitals - where patients are immunosuppressed and strict adherence is critical - remains limited. We aimed to describe the implementation and development of a HH group and its associated activities in an oncology hospital, as well as to evaluate their impact on HH compliance, alcohol-based handrub (ABHR) consumption, and Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework (HHSAF) scores.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This analysis examined long-term trends in HH performance in a tertiary oncology hospital in Brazil (2010-2024), using adherence, ABHR consumption, and HHSAF scores to assess the impact of a multimodal programme. Trend analyses of HH adherence, ABHR consumption, and HHSAF scores over time were performed using linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the HH group was established in 2013, the programme rapidly progressed to the advanced HHSAF level, accompanied by a significant upward trend in HH adherence (p < 0.01), increasing from a baseline of 26% to 88% in 2022. In contrast, no significant trend was observed for ABHR consumption (p = 0.29), although levels remained consistently above the WHO-recommended threshold. System change was the strongest multimodal component, whereas institutional safety climate remained the weakest.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Unlike most published studies focused on short-term campaigns or isolated interventions, our work evaluated the real-world sustainability of a WHO-based multimodal programme implemented in routine hospital practice. Sustained improvement was driven by a permanent, structured, multidisciplinary HH group, resulting in long-term advanced HHSAF performance with increasing trends in HH compliance.</p>","PeriodicalId":54806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hospital Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Duration of Neurosurgical Craniotomy and Surgical Site Infection: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Yinyin Deng, Cuiping Ma, Bingbing Chen, Yubin Wang, Xiaoqiang Liu, Fei He","doi":"10.1016/j.jhin.2026.04.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2026.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To quantify the dose-response relationship between the duration of neurosurgical craniotomy and the risk of surgical site infection (SSI), and to provide high-level evidence for optimizing perioperative infection prevention strategies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A prospective cohort study was conducted among patients who underwent neurosurgical craniotomy in a tertiary grade A hospital from January 2021 to December 2022. Demographic data, underlying diseases, perioperative variables, and postoperative SSI outcomes were collected. Patients were divided into the SSI group (n = 68) and non-SSI group (n = 1197) based on the occurrence of SSI. Sample size was calculated using PASS software (version 15.0) with the following parameters: assumed SSI incidence of 5%, expected odds ratio (OR) of 1.2 for each 1-hour increase in surgical duration, α = 0.05, and β=0.8, confirming that 1265 participants provided sufficient statistical power. Multivariate logistic regression models (adjusted for confounding factors in three steps) were used to evaluate the association between surgical duration and SSI. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore potential effect modifiers. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves were applied to characterize the dose-response relationship.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 1265 eligible patients were enrolled, with an overall SSI incidence of 5.38% (68/1265). During follow-up, 63 patients were lost to follow-up, loss rate=4.98%, &lt;20%, mainly due to patient relocation n=37 and refusal to continue follow-up n=26; All patients were included in the analysis, with missing outcome data handled by multiple imputation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that each hour prolongation of surgical duration was associated with a 19.6% increased risk of SSI (adjusted OR=1.196, 95%CI:1.093-1.308, P&lt;0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed that this positive association was consistent across subgroups stratified by age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking history (all P for interaction &gt;0.05). RCS curves confirmed a significant linear dose-response relationship between surgical duration and SSI risk (P for overall&lt;0.001, P for nonlinear=0.104), even after adjusting for all potential confounders.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Surgical duration is an independent risk factor for SSI following neurosurgical craniotomy, with a significant linear association. Shortening surgical duration via optimized surgical planning (e.g., preoperative 3D reconstruction of skull lesions), improved surgical team collaboration (e.g., reducing instrument change time), and application of minimally invasive techniques (e.g., keyhole craniotomy), combined with strengthened perioperative infection control (e.g., strict sterile technique, intraoperative antibiotic redosing for surgeries exceeding 3 hours) and optimized perioperative management (e.g., maintaining normothermia, avoiding unnecessary blood transfu","PeriodicalId":54806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hospital Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A scoping review of oral care protocols for preventing non-ventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia (NV-HAP) in hospital settings (Part 1): defining protocol components, and implementation strategies.","authors":"Sungkrit Pojmonpiti, Veerle De Herdt, Julie Van Esbroeck, Renske Blommaert, Katja Batens, Margot Baudelet, Barbara Janssens","doi":"10.1016/j.jhin.2026.04.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2026.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-ventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia (NV-HAP) is prioritised in infection prevention due to its mortality risk and economic impact. Oral hygiene care has been identified as a preventive intervention. This scoping review aimed to synthesise evidence on oral care protocols for preventing NV-HAP, with a focus on their components and implementation strategies. Guided by the PRISMA-ScR framework, six databases and grey literature were searched up to January 2026. A total of 124 articles were included: 36 evidence synthesis and recommendation sources and 88 clinical and implementation studies. Across these articles, oral care protocols comprised four components: assessment and triage, mouth cleaning (toothbrushing and oral rinsing), oral moisturising, and denture care. Toothbrushing was universally recommended, while the use of chlorhexidine remained inconsistent. Implementation strategies included staff training, linkage with dental services, patient and family involvement, and interdisciplinary collaboration. A key strategy was embedding oral hygiene within broader interdisciplinary prevention approaches, such as dysphagia management, nutritional support, and early mobilisation. These findings reinforce oral hygiene as a cornerstone of NV-HAP prevention and provide evidence to inform clinical guidelines and quality improvement initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":54806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hospital Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147789669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Your Endoscope Channels Dry? Development of a Novel Liquid Detection Method Using Humidity Readings in an Enclosed Vessel.","authors":"Sara B Linden, Anastacia M Sanchez, Dylan A Lucia, Samuel B Lum, Jon W Weeks, Michael J Eppihimer, Brent Williams, Jonathan Stebner, Jean-Luc Lemyre, Michelle Nerandzic","doi":"10.1016/j.jhin.2026.04.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2026.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endoscope drying is essential to prevent outgrowth of waterborne organisms during storage, and to set the stage for effective gaseous sterilization. However, there are currently no comprehensive approaches for verifying dryness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An air test system was developed to determine the efficacy of a liquid detection method. Detection consisted of a vessel containing a humidity sensor that captured and measured air as it exited endoscope channels. The input-air parameters were controlled to determine the impact on detection in channels by recording the change in humidity as the channels dried. A design of experiments (DOE) was performed with \"dry\" (≤1% RH) or \"wet\" (≥ 30% RH) air delivered at constant pressure and flow rate to endoscope channels (1.7mm, 4.2mm and 6.0 mm inner diameter) containing either 0, 0.5 or 1 mg of water or alcohol. A second DOE was performed in test articles to determine the impact of the flow rate, pressure, and connection configuration on the method's sensitivity. Follow-up testing was conducted to verify the method's sensitivity in operational endoscopes.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>There was a statistically significant difference between detection of 0 mg (dry) and 0.5 or 1.0 mg. The method's sensitivity was confirmed within operational endoscopes when optimal parameters were applied.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A method has been developed that assesses whether endoscope channels contain liquid. Further refinement of this method may support validation of manufacturer drying instructions and end-user drying verification.</p>","PeriodicalId":54806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hospital Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147789705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and Outcomes of Nosocomial Infections in Patients Undergoing ECMO Support: An Eight-Year Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Renata Desordi Lobo, Filomena Regina Barbosa Gomes Galas, Caio Trevelin Sambo, Lucimara Rodrigues de Oliveira, Laerte Pastore Junior, Naiara Lima Matos, Henrique Mateus Fernandes, David Duarte de Araujo, Luiz Francisco Cardoso, Ana Rubia Guedes, Eduardo Leite Vieira Costa, Maura Salaroli Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.jhin.2026.03.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2026.03.038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are susceptible to healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), which may worsen outcomes. However, epidemiological data from Latin American centers remain scarce.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort including all patients who received ECMO support at Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Brazil (2016-2023). Data were obtained from the institutional ECMO registry and infection control surveillance system. HAIs were defined according to the CDC/NHSN and ANVISA criteria. Incidence rates of bloodstream infection (BSI) and ventilator-associated pneumonia/tracheobronchitis (VAP/VAT) were calculated. Logistic regression identified factors independently associated with in-hospital mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed 115 patients (117 ECMO runs; 82% male; median age 61 years). COVID-19 accounted for 77 runs (65.8%). Overall incidence was 5.9/1,000 ECMO-days for BSI and 7.0/1,000 ECMO-days for VAP/VAT. Compared with non-COVID cases, COVID-19 patients had longer ECMO duration (median 13 vs. 8.5 days) but similar infection rates. Despite prolonged support, mortality was lower in COVID-19 cases (45.5%). Patients with HAIs had longer ECMO runs (median 20.5 vs. 10.0 days, p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, older age (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.04-1.11) and HAIs (OR 4.01; 95% CI 1.23-15.12) were independently associated with mortality, while COVID-19 diagnosis was protective (OR 0.22; 95% CI 0.05-0.75).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this Brazilian ECMO center, HAIs occurred less frequently than in most international reports, suggesting effective infection prevention. However, ECMO duration remained the main modifiable risk factor, and HAIs independently increased mortality. Continuous surveillance, preventive bundles, and stewardship are essential to improve ECMO outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hospital Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147789726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reframing \"best-buy\" integrated IPC-AMS as a capability-maturity agenda for resource-limited hospitals.","authors":"M Srikanth, M Vijayasimha","doi":"10.1016/j.jhin.2026.04.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2026.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hospital Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147789130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}