Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues最新文献

{"title":"Using the National Land Cover Database as an indicator of shrub-steppe habitat: comparing two large United States federal lands with surrounding regions.","authors":"Joanna Burger, Michael Gochfeld, Kevin G Brown, Monica Cortes, Kelly Ng, David Kosson","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2412659","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2412659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a need to assess whether ecological resources are being protected on large, federal lands. The aim of this study was to present a methodology which consistently and transparently determines whether two large Department of Energy (U.S. DOE) facilities have protected valuable ecological lands on their sites compared to the surrounding region. The National Land Cover Database (2019) was used to examine the % shrub-scrub (shrub-steppe) and other habitats on the DOE's Hanford Site (HS, Washington) and on the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), compared to a 10-km and 30-km diameter band of land surrounding each site. On both sites, over 95% is in shrub-scrub or grassland, compared to the surrounding region. Approximately 70% of 10 km and 30-km bands around INL, and less than 50% of land surrounding HS is located in these two habitat types. INL has preserved a significantly higher % shrub/scrub habitat than HS, but INL allows grazing on 60% of its land. HS has preserved a significantly higher % grassland than INL but no grazing on site is present. The methodology presented may be used to compare key ecological habitat types such as grasslands, forest, and desert among sites in different parts of the country. This methodology enables managers, resource trustees, and the public to (1) make remediation decisions that protect resources, (2) assess whether landowners and managers have adequately characterized and protected environmental resources on their sites, and (3) whether landowners and managers have protected the integrity of that land as well as its climax vegetation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142481166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simple fluorometric test method for assessing skin sensitization potential of chemicals by using <i>N</i>-acetyl-L-cysteine methyl ester <i>in chemico</i>.","authors":"Rahul Upadhyay Nepal, Tae Cheon Jeong","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2472224","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2472224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The covalent binding of sensitizer to skin proteins is referred to as key event 1 of the adverse outcome pathway in skin sensitization. Recently, <i>N</i>-acetyl-L-cysteine methyl ester (NACME) was demonstrated to react selectively with skin sensitizers <i>in vitro</i>, such that NACME might be applied as an electron donor in developing a spectrophotometric test for determining skin sensitization potential of chemicals. To avoid possible color interference by certain test chemicals, a fluorometric test method was developed using monobromobimane (mBBr), a thiol-reactive fluorescent probe. Similar to previous methods utilizing the reaction of NACME with sensitizers, unreacted NACME occurred which was then measured fluorometrically using mBBr, rather than 5,5'-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB). Following the optimization of test conditions, the same 64 test chemicals used in the previous study were tested to determine the predictive capacity of the current method. Results showed a predictive capacity of 81.1% sensitivity, 81.5% specificity, and 81.3% accuracy with a cutoff NACME depletion of 11.3%. Although these values were relatively lower than the previous test using DTNB, the results were still comparable to OECD-approved test methods and that color interference issues might be ruled out. Data demonstrated that NACME might be viewed as a candidate for identifying reactive skin sensitizers. Further, this method might be considered as a complementary or supportive method to the former DTNB assay as a screening tool for assessing the tendency of a chemical to initiate skin sensitization in case of test chemicals showing color interference.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"589-603"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Hymenaea courbaril</i> hydroalcoholic extract protects <i>in vivo</i> against oxidative stress in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> via DAF-2 and SKN-1.","authors":"Larissa Aline Carneiro Lobo, Péterson Alves Santos, Thais Lemos Mendes, Francisco Carlos da Silva, Marcia Inês Goettert, Patrícia Pereira","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2514531","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2514531","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Hymenaea courbaril L</i>. (<i>H. courbaril</i>) is a South American native species frequently used to treat various symptoms and illnesses, including anemia, fatigue, inflammation, pain, respiratory conditions, kidney and prostate disorders, cancer, diabetes, arthritis, rheumatism, gastric and hepatic dysfunctions, and skin conditions. This study aimed to examine the <i>in vivo</i> toxicity attributed to <i>H. courbaril</i> stem bark hydroalcoholic extract and its effects on physiological conditions and stress responses. Different strains of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans)</i> were employed. The LC₅₀ of <i>H. courbaril</i> extract in N2 wild-type (L4) worms was 15,076.99 ± 1,66 µg/ml. The extract reduced survival to 92.96% at the highest concentration tested (1600 μg/ml; 24 hr), and after 72 hr treatment, concentrations of 800 or 1600 μg/ml decreased survival to 84.7% and 82.8%, respectively. Body development of <i>C. elegans</i> was also affected by higher concentrations, where only 1600 μg/ml diminished reproduction by 87.88%. Exposure to heat stress reduced <i>C. elegans</i> survival in a time-dependent manner. Also, protected worms against oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂,) at different concentrations and times and decreased expression of superoxide dismutase-3(SOD-3)(800 μg/ml; 1600 μg/ml), glutathione-S-transferase-4 (GST-4) (800 μg/ml), and catalase (CTL)-1/2/3) (400; 800 μg/ml), suggesting that protection may involve modulation of the decay-accelerating factor-2 (DAF-2) and SKN-1 transcription factor pathways. In conclusion, <i>H. courbaril</i> extract exhibited a low toxicity profile at the concentrations tested and under the conditions used in the study. The extract may serve as a potential antioxidant and stress-protective agent associated with modulation DAF-2 and SKN-1 pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"873-891"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytogenotoxicity attributed to ioxynil octanoate exposure utilizing <i>Allium cepa</i> L as a model.","authors":"Gabriela Ezequiel Costa Martins, Jade Del Nero Oliveira, João Vitor Barbosa Calvelli, Antonio Rodrigues da Cunha Neto, Eric Batista Ferreira, Luciene de Oliveira Ribeiro Trindade, Sandro Barbosa","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2504144","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2504144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ioxynil octanoate, considered to be non-genotoxic, is widely used as a post-emergence herbicide. However, extensive agricultural usage might potentially adversely affect non-target organisms, indicating the need for a comprehensive toxicological reassessment. The aim of this study was to investigate the phytotoxic and cytogenotoxic effects attributed to exposure to this herbicide on <i>Allium cepa</i> L. examining germination, early growth, cell cycle progression, and genomic stability. Herbicide concentrations of 52, 209, 837, or 3350 ppm were tested. Distilled water was used as a negative control, while 10 ppm methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) served as a positive control in the comet assay. Parameters determined included germination, root and shoot growth, biomass accumulation, qualitative lipid peroxidation, mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations, and DNA fragmentation via the comet assay. All tested concentrations significantly reduced seed germination and seedling development, with 3350 ppm completely inhibiting normal growth. Histochemical analysis demonstrated significant oxidative stress. A mitodepressive effect exceeding 72% was observed after 72 hr exposure. DNA fragmentation induced by 837 and 3350 ppm was comparable to that of MMS. The association between comet assay results and the presence of micronuclei reinforces the compromise of genomic stability in <i>A. cepa</i> exposed to the compound. Data demonstrated that ioxynil octanoate, even at field-relevant concentrations, impaired cell division, and genomic integrity, indicative of significant cytogenotoxicity. These findings emphasize the need to reevaluate agricultural use of ioxynil octanoate, considering potential environmental risks to non-target organisms and the importance of complementary genotoxicological studies involving both target and non-target organisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"787-801"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144082087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecotoxicity of nicosulfuron and S-metolachlor-based herbicides on non-target plants.","authors":"Rafaela Carvalho de Souza, Leonardo Mendes Silva, Murilo Jovino Moraes, Larissa Fonseca Andrade Vieira","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2507892","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2507892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herbicides have been extensively researched due to widespread use in agriculture, consequently raising concerns regarding their environmental impact and potential adverse effects on non-target organisms, including humans. Nicosulfuron is a post-emergence herbicide used to control annual or perennial grasses and broad-leaved weeds. In contrast, S-metolachlor is primarily employed as a pre-emergence herbicide for managing annual grasses and certain broad-leaved weeds in intensive cropping systems. This study aimed to assess the effects of two commercial herbicides, one based upon nicosulfuron and the other upon S-metolachlor active ingredients, on the early developmental stages of the plant models <i>Lactuca sativa</i> L. (lettuce), <i>Raphanus sativus</i> (radish), <i>Pennisetum glaucum</i> (L.) R. Br. (millet), and <i>Triticum aestivum</i> (wheat), as evidenced from germination and seedling development bioassays. Results indicated that all plant models exhibited phytotoxic responses, including inhibited germination, reduced germination speed index, and impaired seedling growth and development, ultimately leading to decreased fresh weight. Among the plant species tested, <i>T. aestivum</i> was the most sensitive, while <i>R. sativus</i> was the least affected. Data suggest that nicosulfuron and S-metolachlor-based herbicides exert significant phytotoxic effects on non-target plants, offering valuable insights for future research on the environmental impacts of these substances.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"802-817"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effect of polyphenols from Potentilla anserina L. against in rat myocardial ischemia-reperfusion on injury by Wnt/β-catenin pathway.","authors":"Jing Li, Meng-Yu Liu, Jian-Guo Li, He Zhang, Chun-Jie Zhang, Wei-Yi Ao, Ming Zhang, Xia-Guang Duan, Zhi-Ying Zhao","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2470845","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2470845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) remains a major clinical challenge. Polyphenols derived from <i>Potentilla anserina</i> L (PPA) were found to possess anti-hypoxic-ischemic <i>in vitro</i>. The aim of this study was to examine (1) whether this plant exerts a protective effect and (2) whether the underlying mechanisms involving inflammatory responses and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were involved in rats. Rats were randomly divided as follows (1): Sham operation (2); ischemia-reperfusion (MIRI) (3); polyphenols (PPA) (4); Wnt inhibitor group (XAV939). In cardiomyocytes (1), HE staining was used to examine morphology (2), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels and (3) Western blot to measure protein expression of Wnt and β-catenin. HE staining showed in MIRI edema of cardiomyocytes, localized inflammatory cell infiltration, unclear outline of cells and cell fragmentation, and some cardiomyocytes were seen to have disordered arrangement of tissues. PPA markedly lowered the morphological alterations in MIRI. The levels of levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in MIRI were significantly elevated; however, PPA reduced these cytokine concentrations compared to MIRI. Western blot analysis demonstrated that MIRI increased the relative protein expression levels of Wnt and β-catenin. Treatment of MIRI with PPA resulted in a significant decrease in protein expression levels of Wnt and β-catenin. The involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in MIRI was further affirmed with the use Wnt inhibitor group (XAV939) that also diminished protein expression levels of Wnt and β-catenin.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"567-575"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143665382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicological assessment of niga-ichigoside F1 and 2β,3β-19α-trihydroxyursolic acid derived from <i>Rubus imperialis</i> (Rosaceae): determining the safety using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).","authors":"Laíza Moura Almeida-Terassi, Laine Andreotti de Almeida, Greice Rafaele Alves, Valdir Cechinel-Filho, Rivaldo Niero, Isabel O'Neill de Mascarenhas Gaivão, Mário Sérgio Mantovani, Edson Luis Maistro","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2484350","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2484350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Rubus imperialis</i> Chum. Schl. (Rosaceae) is used in traditional medicine as a remedy to treat diabetes and other diseases. However, there are reports that the extract of this plant and others of the <i>Rubus</i> genus may produce cellular and/or genetic toxicity. Niga-ichigoside F1 (NIF1) and 2β,3β-19α-trihydroxyursolic acid (2B) are major compounds found in <i>R. imperialis</i> extract known to exert pharmacological effects which may be responsible for the observed toxicity. Thus, this study was aimed to examine the cytogenotoxic potential of NIF1 and 2B in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) following acute exposure. Cytotoxicity was determined by trypan blue staining and genotoxicity by micronucleus and comet assays. Data obtained showed that both compounds, at concentrations ranging from 0.1 and 20 µg/ml, did not markedly affect cell viability. In addition, genetic toxicity testing (comet assay) detected no evidence of DNA damage or chromosomal mutations by the micronucleus test. Under these experimental conditions and considering that both compounds exhibit biological effects at low concentrations, it may be concluded that NIF1 and 2B did not induce cytogenotoxic effects in primary human PBMC.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"667-677"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, and dried tobacco leaf extract on HepG2.","authors":"Malu Siqueira Borges, Ana Letícia Hilário Garcia, Enaile Tuliczewski Serpa, Bruna Alves Alonso Martins, Rafael Rodrigues Dihl, Fernanda Rabaioli da Silva, Juliana da Silva","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2516815","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2516815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the tobacco crop sorting process, workers come in contact with various substances found in dried leaves, including tobacco-specific nitrosamines: N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), and nicotine (NIC). The objective of this study was to assess the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects initiated by exposure to aqueous extract of dry tobacco leaves (TLE) and by compounds NNN, NNK, and NIC, both alone and in combination, using the human hepatocarcinoma cell line (HepG2) as a model. The relationship of exposure with mechanisms of oxidative damage was also assessed. To determine cytotoxicity, the MTT assay was employed, and to assess genotoxicity, the alkaline comet assay and its modified version with the enzyme FPG were utilized, along with the measurement of telomere length. Further systems biology tools were employed to generate the protein network for the combination of NIC, NNN, and NNK. No marked cytotoxicity was observed through the MTT assay. Genotoxicity was detected at the highest concentrations of TLE (1.25 and 5 mg/ml), for NIC, NNN, NNK, and in combinations of these samples. The modified comet assay with formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (FPG) enzyme found that genotoxicity was related to oxidative damage. No significant difference in telomere length was observed. Through <i>in silico</i> analysis, data demonstrated that the predominant proteins associated with the combined agents NNN, NNK, and NIC exhibited connections with signaling pathways related to oxidative damage mechanisms and carcinogenic processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"920-934"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicological safety, antioxidant effect, and chemoprotection determination of an extract from the babassu mesocarp (<i>Orbignya phalerata</i> Mart.) in preclinical studies.","authors":"Nicole Debia, Ana Beatriz Santana Sousa, Beatriz Arêa Cassiano de Melo, Athanara Alves de Sousa, Taline Alves Nobre, Victor Alves de Oliveira, José Otávio Carvalho Sena de Almeida, João Sammy Nery de Sousa, Daniel Dias Rufino Arcanjo, Michel Muálem de Moraes Alves, Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira, João Marcelo de Castro E Sousa","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2496959","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2496959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in chronic diseases and aging by initiating protein oxidation, impaired cellular membrane damage and functions, and induction of DNA mutations. When endogenous antioxidants are insufficient to counteract oxidant stress, bioactive compounds might serve as physiological therapeutic agents attributed to their ability to neutralize ROS. The aim of this study was to examine the antioxidant, chemoprotective and toxicological aspects of the hydroethanolic extract from <i>Orbignya phalerata</i> Mart. mesocarp using <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> bioassays. The extract presented 9.9 mg/g of total flavonoids, primarily catechin and epicatechin. This extract exhibited no apparent toxicity upon <i>Artemia salina</i> (LC₅₀ > 1000 μg/ml) or <i>Zophobas morio</i> larvae (LD₅₀ > 3000 mg/kg), low hemolysis, genotoxicity, or mutagenicity utilizing <i>Allium cepa</i> cells. Cytotoxicity effects were observed on in L-929 murine fibroblast only at concentrations above 130 μg/ml. This extract effectively neutralized free radicals [DPPH^• (EC₅₀ 25.3 μg/ml) and ABTS^•+ (EC₅₀ 52.6 μg/ml)] and reduced H₂O_2-initiated effects on <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>. The chemoprotective activity of this extract was also noted in <i>A. salina</i>, L-929 cells, and <i>S. cerevisiae</i> as evidenced from oxidative damage and toxicity tests results. This constitutes the first report describing the toxicological safety profile of a babassu mesocarp extract a rich source of flavonoids (catechin and epicatechin) with antioxidant and chemoprotective activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"727-747"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between long-term ambient fine particulate matter exposure and risk of postneonatal infant mortality in Taiwan.","authors":"Chih-Cheng Chen, Shang-Shyue Tsai, Chun-Yuh Yang","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2489425","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2489425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infants and children may be potentially susceptible to harm from ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) pollution because of the following characteristics (1) immature immune systems (2) not yet fully developed respiratory systems (3) possess a higher absorption rate of pollutants, and (4) and daily activities may expose infants to varying levels. However, few studies have examined the possible correlation between exposure to PM_2.5 and mortality in infants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between long-term exposure to ambient PM_2.5 and post-neonatal mortality in 65 municipal areas across Taiwan. The mean annual PM_2.5 levels of each municipality were categorized from 2013 to 2022 and divided into tertiles. The natural logarithm of the annual post-neonatal mortality rates per 1000 live births was assessed with respect to PM_2.5 level, urbanization level, physician density, and mean annual average household income. Weighted-multiple linear regression was utilized to compute the adjusted RRs and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). When data were not stratified by PM_2.5 levels, a significant positive association was observed between long-term lifetime exposure to ambient PM_2.5 and post-neonatal mortality rates after adjustment for physician density, urbanization level, and average household income. When PM_2.5 levels (in tertiles) were stratified, a positive but nonsignificant trend was found in post-neonatal mortality frequency from the lowest to the highest PM_2.5 category. These findings suggest that long-term exposure to PM_2.5 increases the risk of post-neonatal mortality rates in Taiwan.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"678-687"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}