Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues最新文献

{"title":"Limited impact of weathered residues from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on the gut-microbiome and foraging behavior of sheepshead minnows (<i>Cyprinodon variegatus</i>).","authors":"Maggie A Wigren, Timothy A Johnson, Robert J Griffitt, Anthony G Hay, Jonathan A Knott, Maria S Sepúlveda","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2265413","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2265413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Deepwater Horizon disaster of April 2010 was the largest oil spill in U.S. history and exerted catastrophic effects on several ecologically important fish species in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Within fish, the microbiome plays a key symbiotic role in maintaining host health and aids in acquiring nutrients, supporting immune function, and modulating behavior. The aim of this study was to examine if exposure to weathered oil might produce significant shifts in fish gut-associated microbial communities as determined from taxa and genes known for hydrocarbon degradation, and whether foraging behavior was affected. The gut microbiome (16S rRNA and shotgun metagenomics) of sheepshead minnow (<i>Cyprinodon variegatus</i>) was characterized after fish were exposed to oil in High Energy Water Accommodated Fractions (HEWAF; tPAH = 81.1 ± 12.4 µg/L) for 7 days. A foraging behavioral assay was used to determine feeding efficiency before and after oil exposure. The fish gut microbiome was not significantly altered in alpha or beta diversity. None of the most abundant taxa produced any significant shifts as a result of oil exposure, with only rare taxa showing significant shifts in abundance between treatments. However, several bioindicator taxa known for hydrocarbon degradation were detected in the oil treatment, primarily <i>Sphingomonas</i> and <i>Acinetobacter</i>. Notably, the genus <i>Stenotrophomonas</i> was detected in high abundance in 16S data, which previously was not described as a core member of fish gut microbiomes. Data also demonstrated that behavior was not significantly affected by oil exposure. Potential low bioavailability of the oil may have been a factor in our observation of minor shifts in taxa and no behavioral effects. This study lays a foundation for understanding the microbiome of captive sheepshead minnows and indicates the need for further research to elucidate the responses of the fish gut-microbiome under oil spill conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41220421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the DNA damage and cell death in human peripheral blood mononuclear and HepG2/C3A cells exposed to the synthetic 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxycoumarin.","authors":"André Rogerio Pereira, Ashley Silva Campos, Maria João Matos, Edson Luis Maistro","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2274331","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2274331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydroxycoumarins are an important source of biologically active compounds. Previous studies have shown that the number and position of the hydroxyl substituents in the scaffold play an important role for the observed biological activity. In the present study, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxycoumarin was synthesized, and potential cytogenotoxic effects determined in human HepG2/C3A cells displaying phase 1 and phase 2 enzymes (metabolizing cell ability) and compared to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) without xenobiotics metabolizing capacity. Cell viability was determined with concentrations between 0.01 and 10 µg/ml of 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxycoumarin using MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) and trypan blue tests. Genotoxicity was determined utilizing the comet assay, and the clastogenic/aneugenic potential employing the micronucleus (MN) test. The results of the <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxicity assays showed a significant decrease in cell viability of PBMC following exposure to 10 µg/ml concentration of the studied compound after 48 and 72 hr. Comet assay observations noted significant DNA damage in PBMC after 4 hr treatment. No marked cytogenotoxic effects were found in HepG2/C3A cells. No chromosomal mutations were observed in both cell lines. It is important to note that 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxycoumarin may exert beneficial pharmacological actions at the low micromolar range and with half-life less than 24 hr. Therefore, the results obtained encourage the continuation of studies on this new molecule for medicinal purposes, but its potential toxicity at higher concentrations and longer exposure times needs to be investigated in further studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"33-46"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54232356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological profile, temporal analysis, and future projections of suicide cases in rural cities in the extreme south of Brazil.","authors":"Paula Santos da Silva Araújo,&nbsp;Tatiane Britto da Silveira,&nbsp;Fernando Rafael de Moura,&nbsp;Merlyn Dos Santos Maidana,&nbsp;Guaraciaba Ribeiro Duarte de Sousa,&nbsp;Samuel de Carvalho Dumith,&nbsp;Flavio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Júnior","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2258914","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2258914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aimed to verify the time series (2000-2017) of death rates by suicide and its associated factors in 4 municipalities in the extreme south of Brazil. Data were obtained through the analysis of medical reports and police report bulletins at the Instituto Médico Legal, in the city of Rio Grande. The suicide rate in the Rio Grande region varied from 4 to 11 suicides per 100,000 inhabitants and it is estimated that by 2030 this rate could reach 16.5 suicides per 100,000 inhabitants. The rural cities of Santa Vitória do Palmar and Chuí present even higher suicide averages when compared to Rio Grande, the most populous city of the four. The death rate from suicide increased gradually in the period analyzed, with the prevalence rising among the youngest and the elderly population. A more comprehensive understanding of the influences of environmental issues on suicidal decisions constitutes an important action that needs to be taken, both because of regional vulnerabilities and the target population identified. Evidence indicates that knowledge of factors affecting individuals residing in this Brazilian region where increased suicide rates are recorded needs to be recognized as a priority.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":"86 24","pages":"965-978"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41169533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemopreventive effect and induction of DNA repair by oenothein B ellagitannin isolated from leaves of <i>Eugenia uniflora</i> in Swiss Webster treated mice.","authors":"Cinthia Aparecida Silva,&nbsp;Jefferson Hollanda Véras,&nbsp;Joyce Aves Ventura,&nbsp;Abel Vieira de Melo Bisneto,&nbsp;Matheus Gabriel de Oliveira,&nbsp;Elisa Flávia Luiz Cardoso Bailão,&nbsp;Carolina Ribeiro E Silva,&nbsp;Clever Gomes Cardoso,&nbsp;Suzana da Costa Santos,&nbsp;Lee Chen-Chen","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2259425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2023.2259425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oenothein B (OeB) is a dimeric ellagitannin with potent antioxidative, antitumor, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties. Despite the promising activities of OeB, studies examining the genotoxic or protective effects of this ellagitannin on DNA are scarce. Therefore, to further comprehensively elucidate the chemopreventive profile of OeB, the aim of this study was to evaluate the mutagenic and antimutagenic actions of OeB using <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> strains with the Ames test. The micronucleus (MN) test and comet assay were used to assess the anticytotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of OeB on mouse bone marrow cells following differing treatments (pre-, co-, and post-treatment) in response to cyclophosphamide (CPA)-induced DNA damage. In addition, histopathological analyses were performed to assess liver and kidney tissues of Swiss Webster treated mice. Our results did not detect mutagenic or antimutagenic activity attributed to OeB at any concentration in the Ames test. Regarding the MN test, data showed that this ellagitannin exerted antigenotoxic and anticytotoxic effects against CPA-induced DNA damage under all treatment conditions. However, no anticytotoxic action was observed in MN test after pre-treatment with the highest doses of OeB. In addition, OeB demonstrated antigenotoxic effects in the comet assay for all treatments. Histopathological analyses indicated that OeB attenuated the toxic effects of CPA in mouse liver and kidneys. These findings suggest that OeB exerted a chemoprotective effect following pre- and co-treatments and a DNA repair action in post-treatment experiments. Our findings indicate that OeB protects DNA against CPA-induced damaging agents and induces post-damage DNA repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":"86 24","pages":"929-941"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41220423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of curcumin to counteract levodopa-induced toxicity in zebrafish.","authors":"Paola Briñez-Gallego,&nbsp;Dennis Guilherme da Costa Silva,&nbsp;Ana Paula Horn,&nbsp;Mariana Appel Hort","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2261120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2023.2261120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor dysfunction due to the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Currently, treatment of PD has focused on increasing dopamine levels, using a dopamine precursor, levodopa (L-DOPA) or stimulation of dopaminergic receptors. Prolonged use of L-DOPA is associated with the occurrence of motor complications and dyskinesia, attributed to neurotoxic effects of this drug. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of curcumin (CUR), a lipophilic polyphenol, to counteract L-DOPA induced toxicity. Zebrafish larvae were pre-treated with CUR (0.05 µM) or vehicle dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for 24 hr and subsequently exposed to L-DOPA (1 mM) or vehicle. Immediately and 24 hr after L-DOPA exposure, spontaneous swimming and dark/light behavioral tests were performed. In addition, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation products were determined at the end of treatment. CUR significantly improved the motor impairment induced by 24 hr L-DOPA treatment, and reduced levels of ROS and lipoperoxidation products in zebrafish larvae. In conclusion, our results suggest that CUR acts as a neuroprotector against toxicity initiated by L-DOPA. Evidence suggests the observed effects of CUR are associated with its antioxidant properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":"86 24","pages":"950-964"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41220424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate air pollution on all-cause mortality in Taiwan.","authors":"Shang-Shyue Tsai,&nbsp;Chun-Yuh Yang","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2261025","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2261025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>According to the US Environmental Protection Agency's Integrated Science Assessment (ISA), there is a causal relationship between fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) exposure and increased mortality rates. A similar association was also reported by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). While many studies are available on this relationship between PM exposure and elevated mortality frequency in Europe and North America, there are limited investigations in Asia. Thus, the aim of this study was to perform an ecological investigation to determine the relationship between exposure to ambient PM_2.5 levels and all-cause mortality in 66 in Taiwan municipalities. To undertake this investigation, annual PM_2.5 levels and age-standardized all-cause mortality rates were calculated for male and female residents of these areas from 2010 to 2020. Weighted-multiple regression analyses were used to obtain adjusted risk ratio (RR) controlling for possible confounding by urbanization level, physician density, and annual mean household income. Annual PM_2.5 levels of each municipality were divided into tertiles. Data demonstrated that men residing in areas with intermediate tertile PM_2.5 levels (21.06 to 27.29 µg/m³) and the highest tertiles levels (27.30-33.11 µg/m³) exhibited adjusted RRs of 1.06 (95% CI = 1.03-1.08) and 1.13 (95% CI = 1.10-1.16), respectively. Women in these locations displayed a similar risk, 1.03 (0.99-1.06) and 1.07 (1.04-1.11), respectively. These findings indicate that ambient exposure to PM_2.5 increased risk for all-cause mortality rates in both men and women in Taiwan during this time period.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":"86 24","pages":"942-949"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41161230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term and repeated exposure to particulate matter sizes from Imperial Valley, California to induce inflammation and asthmatic-like symptoms in mice.","authors":"Savannah M D'Evelyn, Keith J Bein, Emilia A Laing, Tran Nyguen, Ching-Wen Wu, Qi Zhang, Kent E Pinkerton","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2257232","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2257232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Imperial Valley, California has become increasingly hot, dry, and polluted over the past decade. Particulate matter (PM) levels are amongst the highest in this State, associated with significantly higher asthma prevalence among children in the region compared to national and state averages. The present study was performed to test the hypothesis that Imperial Valley PM by size and chemical composition might possess allergenic properties following introduction into murine lungs without prior sensitization to a known allergen with size fraction as a determining factor. In acute exposure experiments, BALB/c male mice were administered a single 50-μl oropharyngeal aspiration of nanopure water (H₂O; control) or a stock 1 μg/μl PM solution. In sub-acute exposure experiments, male and female mice were treated with a total of six 16.6-μl intranasal instillations of H₂O or stock PM solution over the course of 14 days. In all experiments, pulmonary function tests were performed 24 hr after the final instillation followed by necropsies for the collection of biological samples. Inflammatory responses measured via cellularity in histopathological tissue sections as well as significant, marked influxes of eosinophils and lymphocytes were noted in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in mice administered PM compared to control. Allergic responses, including airway hyperresponsiveness and significantly increased expression of IL-1ß, were found in male mice exposed to either PM_2.5 or ultrafine (PM_UF). A combination of all three size fractions of PM from Imperial Valley initiated atopic and asthmatic-like symptoms in the lungs of mice in the absence of additional allergen or preexisting condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":"86 23","pages":"909-927"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10550522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10294475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of mine tailing exposure on the development of early life stages of the marine copepod <i>Calanus finmarchicus</i>.","authors":"Julia Farkas,&nbsp;Linn H Svendheim,&nbsp;Ida B Øverjordet,&nbsp;Emlyn J Davies,&nbsp;Dag Altin,&nbsp;Trond Nordtug,&nbsp;Pål A Olsvik,&nbsp;Tjalling Jager,&nbsp;Bjørn Henrik Hansen","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2274935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2023.2274935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The demand for mineral resources is increasing mining activities worldwide. In Norway, marine tailing disposal (MTD) is practiced, introducing mineral particles into fjord ecosystems. We investigated the effects of two concentrations (high and low) of fine tailings from a CaCO₃ processing plant on early life stages of the marine copepod <i>Calanus finmarchicus</i>. Results show that the exposure did not significantly impact hatching success or development in non- and early feeding life stages. However, feeding stage nauplii ingested tailings, which caused a significantly slower development in later nauplii stages in high exposure groups, with most individuals being two stages behind the control group. Further, high mortality occurred in late nauplii and early copepodite stages in low exposure groups, which could be caused by insufficient energy accumulation and depleted energy reserves during development. Individuals exposed to high exposure concentrations seemed to survive by arresting development and potentially by reduced activity, thereby conserving energy reserves. In nature, slower development could affect lipid storage buildup and reproduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71415330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do oil droplets and chemical dispersants contribute to uptake of oil compounds and toxicity of crude oil dispersions in cold-water copepods?","authors":"Bjørn Henrik Hansen,&nbsp;Dag Altin,&nbsp;Trond Nordtug","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2271003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2023.2271003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accidental crude oil spills to the marine environment cause dispersion of oil into the water column through the actions of breaking waves, a process that can be facilitated using chemical dispersants. Oil dispersions contain dispersed micron-sized oil droplets and dissolved oil components, and the toxicity of oil dispersions has been assumed to be associated primarily with the latter. However, most hydrophobic, bioaccumulative and toxic crude oil components are retained within the droplets which may interact with marine filter-feeders. We here summarize the findings of 15 years of research using a unique methodology to generate controlled concentrations and droplet size distributions of dispersed crude oil to study effects on the filter-feeding cold-water copepod <i>Calanus finmarchicus</i>. We focus primarily on the contribution of chemical dispersants and micron-sized oil droplets to uptake and toxicity of oil compounds. Oil dispersion exposures cause PAH uptake and oil droplet accumulation on copepod body surfaces and inside their gastrointestinal tract, and exposures to high exposure (mg/L range) reduce feeding activity, causes reproductive impairments and mortality. These effects were slightly higher in the presence of chemical dispersants, possibly due to higher filtration of chemically dispersed droplets. For <i>C. finmarchicus</i>, dispersions containing oil droplets caused more severe toxic effects than filtered dispersions, thus, oil droplets contribute to the observed toxicity. The methodology for generating crude oil dispersion is a valuable tool to isolate impacts of crude oil microdroplets and can facilitate future research on oil dispersion toxicity and produce data to improve oil spill models.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49694088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spring water quality monitoring using multiple bioindicators from multiple collection sites.","authors":"Igor Romeiro Dos Santos,&nbsp;Isabela Náthaly Machado da Silva,&nbsp;Carlos Filipe Camilo-Cotrim,&nbsp;Luciane Madureira de Almeida,&nbsp;Leonardo Luiz Borges,&nbsp;Elisa Flávia Luiz Cardoso Bailão","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2246507","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2246507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to examine the water quality of the Extrema River spring in a Brazilian Cerrado area. Three collection sites (P1 - P3) were sampled in the dry and rainy seasons, which are close to industries from different sectors. In the physicochemical analysis, a decrease in dissolved oxygen levels (<5 mg/L) and pH (< 6) at P3 was detected. An increase in heterotrophic bacteria count was recorded at all sites (> 500 colonies/ml). In ecotoxicological analyses, P2 and P3 exhibited toxicity using <i>Vibrio fischeri</i> (> 20%). In evaluating toxicity, the reduction in seed germination was significant utilizing <i>Lactuca sativa</i> at all locations and with <i>Allium cepa</i> only at P2; rootlet length was decreased at P3 on <i>L. sativa</i> and at all sites with <i>A. cepa.</i> In contrast, loss of membrane integrity and mitochondrial function of meristems was adversely affected at all locations using both <i>L. sativa</i> and <i>A. cepa</i> assays. Principal components analysis (PCA) approach indicated that seasonality apparently did not markedly interfere with the obtained data, but it is important to include more collection locations to be evaluated with multiple bioindicators in the spring region. Our data indicate the urgent need for more rigorous programs to monitor the discharge of effluents into water springs.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":"86 19","pages":"707-719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10120970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}