Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues最新文献

{"title":"Long-term effects of acute hazardous noise on auditory and non-auditory organs.","authors":"Li Yang, Richard G Posner, Matthew C Salanga, Tinna Traustadóttir, O'neil W Guthrie","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2467177","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2467177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hazardous noise is a pervasive environmental pollutant with significant adverse health impacts on auditory and non-auditory organs. It is noteworthy that even acute noise exposure might pose immediate detrimental effects to various organs. However, the long-term effects of acute noise exposure remain largely unknown. This study aimed to explore this gap by randomizing 12 Long-Evans rats into acute noise and control groups. The acute noise regimen was a single three-hr wideband noise (12.5 hz-20 kHz) at 105 dB SPL_peak. Four weeks following exposure cessation, animals from both groups were sacrificed. Genomic DNA and RNA were extracted from the cochlea, brain, heart, and liver. Long-target polymerase assays and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions were performed to assess DNA integrity and p53-targeted gene expression, respectively, with results being compared between the two groups. Data demonstrated that noise-induced changes in DNA integrity depended upon organ type, with significant interaction effects between treatment conditions (noise or control) and organ type for nuclear and mitochondrial DNA integrity. In addition, there were significant changes in p53-targeted gene expression between noise-exposed and control in all tested organs. In conclusion, the long-term impact of acute hazardous noise exposure on DNA integrity was complex, highlighting organ-specificity in response to noise. However, such noise significantly altered p53-targeted genes systemically, indicating ongoing cellular stress. Overall, these results suggest that acute exposure to hazardous noise may have potential long-term adverse consequences. Immediate care following exposure might mitigate possible impacts on long-term health.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"519-535"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attenuating effects of vitamin C on lead (Pb)-induced toxicological and endocrine responses in male Wistar rats.","authors":"Ukam U Uno, Oju R Ibor, Utip B Ekaluo, Monday M Onakpa, Augustine Arukwe","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2501016","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2501016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to investigate the attenuating effect of vitamin C (VC) on lead (Pb)-induced toxicity in male Wistar rats. Twenty-four mature male rats were divided into 4 groups consisting of 6 animals using a completely randomized design. Rats were treated orally with either 60 mg/kg body weight (BW) Pb acetate or 100 mg/kg BW VC singly or combination. Controls group received water (vehicle control). After 65 days exposure, testes and epididymis of the animals were measured for testicular weight, epididymal weight and sperm estimations, while blood and liver samples were collected for liver function, hormonal assays, and oxidative stress responses including transcript expression using real-time PCR. Lead initiated significant increases in expression and activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD,) glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO). Liver function enzyme activities for alkaline phosphatase (ALP,) aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALP) were also elevated in Pb exposed rats. In contrast, a significant decrease was noted in reproductive hormones testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), sperm variables including motility, viability and counts, as well as testes and epididymis weights following Pb treatment. However, the oxidative stress responses and liver function enzymes were reduced in the combined Pb and VC exposure group, while reproductive hormones and sperm profile increased significantly compared to Pb alone. Data indicate that VC exerts an attenuating effect. Our findings showed the attenuating potential of VC on Pb-induced toxicity of male rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"759-773"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of e-cigarette use to renal cadmium burden.","authors":"Gary L Diamond, Julie M Klotzbach","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2518256","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2518256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent expansion of the use of electronic cigarettes (eCig) as a nicotine substitute for tobacco products has raised concerns regarding whether eCig vaping might adversely contribute to the body burden of heavy metals. Epidemiological studies found higher levels of cadmium (Cd) in blood and urine in association with eCig use, although this outcome is not consistent across all investigations. In this study, a biokinetic model was used to predict the relative contributions of diet and eCig vaping to renal and urinary Cd levels. The biokinetic model predicted that, for a median eCig exposure scenario, renal cortex Cd increased by 0.2 μg Cd/g and urine Cd rose by 0.004 μg Cd/g creatinine (Cr), a 5.6% elevation above the levels predicted for diet alone. For a 95th percentile eCig exposure, the rise was 2.2 μg Cd/g renal cortex and urine Cd increased by 0.04 μg Cd/g Cr, a 35% elevation above the level predicted for diet alone. The predicted increases in urine Cd attributed to eCig vaping were consistent with epidemiologic-based estimates of the impact of eCig use on urinary Cd levels, providing further support for eCig vaping constituting a potential contributor to the Cd body burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"947-966"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144327778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotective effect of <i>Cistanche deserticola</i> glycosides in MPTP-Induced Parkinson's disease mouse model involves Nrf2 activation.","authors":"Shu-Qing Yao, Zhi-Peng Xu, Wu-Xia Guo, He Zhang, Ming Zhang, Jian-Xin Jia, Zhan-Jun Yang, He Wang, Zhi-Ying Zhao, Dong-Sheng Huo","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2470847","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2470847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinson's Disease (PD) a progressive neurodegenerative disorder is attributed to dopaminergic neuronal cell loss in the mid-brain substantia nigra pars compacta. A major risk factors associated with PD development is presence of excess oxidative stress. Previously, glycosides derived from <i>Cistanche deserticola</i> were reported to play a key role in counteracting PD; however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be determined. This study aimed to examine the neuroprotective effect attributed to glycosides derived from <i>C. deserticola</i> in PD model in mice. The model of PD was established by injecting intraperitoneally 1-methyl-4-penyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Rotarod and pole tests determined neurological behavior. The following immunohistochemistry, and metabolic biomarkers were measured mid-brain substantia nigra: (1) number of dopaminergic neuronal cell using immunohistochemistry (2) oxidative stress as evidenced by activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) as well levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), (3) inflammatory infiltration as measured by levels of IL-1β and TNF-α (4) by Western blot involvement of protein expression levels of Nrf2 signaling pathway. Data demonstrated that <i>C. deserticola</i> glycosides treatment improved behavioral performance, increased number of dopaminergic neurons, reduced cytokine levels of IL-1β and TNF-α accompanied by enhanced antioxidant activity in PD mice. These observations were associated with activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway. Data suggest that <i>C. deserticola</i> glycosides may thus be considered as an alternative compound for PD treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"576-588"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143588232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of <i>in silico</i> and <i>in vivo</i> pharmacokinetic and toxicological parameters of dillapiole <i>n</i>-butyl ether.","authors":"Daniel Luís Viana Cruz, Ana Cristina da Silva Pinto, Mayla Silva Leão Ferreira, Douglas Emanuel Mota de Souza, Leonard Domingo Rosales Acho, José Fernando Marques Barcellos, Emerson Silva Lima, Fernanda Guilhon-Simplicio, Míriam Silva Rafael","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2473557","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2473557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The larvicidal effect of dillapiole and its semi-synthetic derivatives on <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (<i>Ae. Aegypti</i>), the main transmitter of arboviruses such as dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), and Chikungunya (CHIKV), is well - established. Among dillapiole derivatives, the <i>n</i>-butyl ether dillapiole stands out attributed to significant larvicidal potential against <i>Ae. aegypti</i>. However, studies are needed to assess the adverse risk following exposure to this chemical on non-target organisms. The aim of this study was to examine the risk of toxic consequences attributed to exposure to dillapiole <i>n</i>-butyl ether (DBE) by determining pharmacokinetic, biochemical and histopathological parameters. Dillapiole <i>n</i>-butyl ether was tested utilizing male Balb/C mice at concentrations of 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg. Subsequently, peripheral blood was obtained for biochemical analyses, kidney and livers for histopathological examination. DBE decreased serum creatinine levels et 10 or 40 mg/kg. Urea levels were reduced at 10 mg/kg but elevated at 20 mg/kg. Serum gamma-GT was significantly lowered at 40 mg/kg. Alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly decreased at 20 and 40 mg/kg/. In contrast, alanine aminotransferase activity was significantly elevated. At concentrations of 10 and 20 mg/kg DBE, dose-dependent elevation in number of binucleated hepatocytes, steatosis (micro- and macrovacuolar) and necrotic foci were observed. In kidney, progressive impairment of glomerular and tubular structure was detected accompanied by inflammation, degeneration, and cellular necrosis more pronounced at higher doses, resulting in significant loss of renal parenchyma at 40 mg/kg. Data demonstrate that DBE initiated dose-dependent hepatic and renal structural changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"604-615"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of pulmonary toxicity of inhaled polycarbonate 3D printer emissions in rats.","authors":"W Kyle Mandler, Walter McKinney, Todd A Stueckle, Alycia K Knepp, Stacey E Anderson, Laurel G Jackson, Sarah Keeley, Kristine Krajnak, A Parisa Shirzadi, Mariana T Farcas, Lori Battelli, Sherri A Friend, Aleksandr B Stefaniak, Treye A Thomas, Joanna Matheson, Yong Qian","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2473559","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2473559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the potential pulmonary toxicity of polycarbonate (PC) emissions from fused filament fabrication (FFF) three-dimensional printing (3DP) via inhalation in Sprague Dawley rats. Previously, our results demonstrated no significant pulmonary effects following exposure to a 0.5 mg/m³ PC. A new exposure apparatus was developed that exposed animals at a concentration of 2.5 mg/m³. Sixty rats were randomized into control (filtered air) and exposure groups (<i>n</i> = 30/group). Each group was further divided into five subgroups (<i>n</i> = 6/subgroup) with exposure durations of 1, 4, 8, 15, or 30 days (4 hr/day, 4 days/week). Following a 24-hr post-exposure period, body weight was measured, and blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical analysis. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained from the right lung for cytology. The left lung and head/nasal tissues were preserved for histopathological evaluation. Lung deposition was estimated using the Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry model, electron microscopy, and enhanced darkfield microscopy. In addition, filter samples were collected to measure bisphenol A. Exposure resulted in an estimated deposition of 0.28 µg/day within the alveoli and small airways. Microscopy indicated limited evidence of macrophage uptake. No significant changes were observed in BALF cell counts, lactate dehydrogenase activity, or hematological parameters. BALF levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 and protein were elevated in the 30-day exposure group, although histopathology revealed no exposure-related changes in the lungs. In conclusion, this study found no marked pulmonary inflammation or toxicity in rats exposed to 2.5 mg/m³ of PC 3D printing emissions for up to 30 days (4 hr/day).</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"627-646"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the cytostasis and chromosomal instability potential of myricetin and its chemopreventive effect against bleomycin-induced cyto-genotoxicity.","authors":"Michele Trintinaglia, Ana Paula de Souza, Maria Eduarda Gonçalves Trindade, Mauricio Lehmann, Felipe Umpierre Conter, Rafael Rodrigues Dihl","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2491556","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2491556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myricetin (ME) is a major constituent of various foods and beverages consumed by humans, including vegetables, teas and fruits, and is primarily recognized for its iron-chelating, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. This study evaluated the cytostatic, genotoxic, and chemopreventive effects of ME in CHO-K1 cells using the Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus (CBMN) assay and explored molecular interactions through <i>in silico</i> systems biology analysis. CHO-K1 cells were exposed to ME (2.5-40 µM). Cytostasis was assessed by the Cytokinesis-Block Proliferation Index (CBPI), and chromosomal instability was measured by the frequency of micronuclei (MNi), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs), and nuclear buds (NBUDs). ME at 40 µM significantly reduced CBPI, while concentrations of 20 and 40 µM increased chromosomal instability (<i>p</i> < 0.05). For chemoprevention, ME (2.5-10 µM) was administered in pre-, co-, and post-treatment with bleomycin (BLM). ME significantly reduced BLM-induced MNi and NPBs in all protocols (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <i>In silico</i> analysis revealed strong interactions between ME and key proteins related to DNA damage response, apoptosis, and bleomycin detoxification. Notably, the <i>in silico</i> analysis revealed a strong association between ME and bleomycin hydrolase (BLMH) and the interaction of ME with proteins related to DNA damage response and apoptosis regulation. Overall, ME exhibited genotoxicity at high concentrations but demonstrated a significant chemopreventive effect at lower, nontoxic doses. These findings provide insights into the dual biological activity of ME and support its potential use as a protective agent against genotoxic damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"688-699"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144027330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum miR-30c serves as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer.","authors":"Xiao-Yan Tian, Yong-Ping Mu","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2495952","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2495952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastric cancer (GC)，the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally and thus early detection, is considered critical for diagnosis and treatment of this disease. It is well known that measurement of microRNA (miRNA) may serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for GC. The aim of this study was to determine whether miR-30c was present in patients with gastric cancer and to correlate relative expression with patient survival. A total of 162 GC patients and 150 healthy controls were recruited. miR-30c levels were quantified in serum using quantitative real-time PCR(QRT-PCR). The sensitivity and specificity of circulating miR-30c was compared to carbohydrate antigen (CA) CA72-4, CA19-9, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), 3 known markers associated with GC. QRT-PCR demonstrated downregulation of gene expression of miR-30c in GC patients. Downregulation of miR-30c gene expression was significantly correlated with stage of cancer, lymphatic metastasis, and distal metastasis. The sensitivity to detect GC of miR-30c, CA72-4, CA19-9, and CEA in serum of GC was 80%, 43%, 21%, and 42%, respectively, while specificity was 89%, 57%, 30%, and 78% respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the presence of low gene expression of miR-30c was effective in predicting poor prognosis in GC patients. Our data suggest that circulating serum miR-30c concentrations may serve as a reliable biomarker for GC occurrence. (212words).</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"701-709"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined anticancer effects of <i>Chamaecytisus hirsutus</i> extract and photodynamic therapy in Gastric cancer cells.","authors":"Metin Caliskan, Sercin Ozlem Caliskan, Emine Incilay Torunoglu, Alper Durmaz, Zekeriya Duzgun, Erdi Can Aytar","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2508839","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2508839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The particular plant found in Türkiye, <i>Chamaecytisus hirsutus</i> ;(Fabaceae), has no studies examining its biological effects. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition, chemical profile, antioxidant activity, xanthine oxidase inhibition, anticancer effects, and photodynamic therapy potential of <i>C. hirsutus</i> methanol extract. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified important compounds such as laminitol (28.74%), quinolinic acid (20.23%), and 2-(1,3-Dioxan-2-yl) ethanol (17.27%). The IC₅₀ value of the extract in the DPPH assay was 378.77 ± 4.70 mg/mL, demonstrating significant antioxidant activity. The xanthine oxidase inhibition was found to be 45.75 ± 2.59%, indicating significant free radical scavenging activity. The total phenolic, flavonoid, flavanols, and tannin contents were determined to be 35.14 ± 2.60 mg GAE/g extract, 12.90 ± 0.27 mg QE/g extract, 20.67 ± 0.81 mg QE/g extract, and 2.49 ± 0.12 mg GAE/g extract, respectively. The extract reduced the viability of MKN28 cancer cells by approximately 85% at a concentration of 0.4 mg/mL, demonstrating significant anticancer activity. Combination therapy with photodynamic therapy further enhanced the cytotoxic effect. Additionally, the binding affinities of these compounds with the 1GUX target protein were evaluated using molecular docking, and 4-Methyl-2-pentadecyl-1,3-dioxolane and Laminitol were determined as the strongest inhibitors with binding energies of -6.9 kcal/mol and -6.1 kcal/mol, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of these interactions, with 4-Methyl-2-pentadecyl-1,3-dioxolane emerging as the compound with the strongest binding affinity. These findings suggest that <i>C. hirsutus</i> extract has the potential to be a powerful anticancer agent when used in photodynamic therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"818-841"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotoxicity of pure compounds and commercial formulations of the maize herbicides mesotrione and s-metolachlor in <i>Vicia faba</i> L.","authors":"Larissa Fonseca Andrade-Vieira, Sylvie Cotelle","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2502965","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2502965","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herbicides containing the active components mesotrione and S-metolachlor persist in the environment and adversely affect non-target organisms. Therefore, it was of interest to examine the toxicological risk associated with these compounds. This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of the active pure compounds mesotrione and S-metolachlor and their respective commercial formulations as evidenced by MN bioassays utilizing <i>Vicia faba</i> L. (broad bean) as a model. The experiments followed the 48-hr protocol of ISO 29200. Dilutions of the active components and their commercial formulations, ranging from 1.56 to 50 mg/L, were tested. Hoagland's solution was used as a negative control, and maleic hydrazide as a positive control. A decrease in mitotic index (MI) was observed with the pure compounds, where mesotrione significantly reduced the frequency of cell division at concentrations >12.5 mg/L, and S-metolachlor initiated a significant fall at only the highest concentration (50 mg/L). In addition, the MN frequency was markedly increased at treatments of 3.125 mg/L mesotrione and 6.25 to 25 mg/L S-metolachlor. However, herbicide treatments with the commercial formulation containing the same concentrations of active compounds did not significantly damage plant DNA. Taken together, the findings demonstrated that in commercial formulations, the combined effects of the pure compounds and solvents or other substances included in the product might occur and consequently interfere with the genotoxic potential of the active compounds. Although the cytotoxicity was of the same order of magnitude for both S-metolachlor and mesotrione, mesotrione alone appears to be more genotoxic than S-metolachlor.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"774-786"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144048504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}