Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of 28-day repeated doses oral toxicity of essential oil from <i>Psidium glaziovianum</i> Kiaersk leaves on various biological parameters in Swiss mice.","authors":"Wêndeo Kennedy Costa,&nbsp;Matheus Ferreira Do Nascimento,&nbsp;Valquíria Bruna Guimarães Silva,&nbsp;Bruno Vinicius Souza da Silva,&nbsp;Thiago Henrique Napoleão,&nbsp;Maria Tereza Dos Santos Correia,&nbsp;Márcia Vanusa da Silva,&nbsp;Alisson Macário de Oliveira","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2246497","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2246497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Only a small number of the many medicinally important species in the genus <i>Psidium</i> L. have had their safety assessed. <i>Psidium glaziovianum</i>, a plant native to Brazil, is reported to exert antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects; however, there are no apparent reports of long-term safety following administering of repeated doses. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 28-day oral of treatment at 250, 500 or 1,000 mg/kg <i>Psidium glaziovianum</i> essential oil (PgEO) on behavioral and physiological parameters in male and female Swiss mice. First, PgEO was chemically characterized by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The following parameters were examined: motor activity, body temperature, blood glucose, urine, hematology, biochemistry, histology, and oxidative stress. Characterization of PgEO revealed 48 components which were dominated by sesquiterpenes 1,8-cineol (24.29%), α-pinene (19.73%) and β-pinene (17.31%). Data showed that PgEO treatment in mice increased activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) without markedly affecting body weight, hematological or biochemical parameters, as well as water or food consumption. Administration of PgEO in repeated daily dosages over 28 days did not significantly alter exploratory or locomotor activities. Based upon our findings, PgEO administration daily for 28 days, exhibited low toxicity and absence of effects on the nervous system. Data demonstrated that PgEO produced hypoglycemic and antioxidant actions which need to be considered in safety assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":"86 19","pages":"697-706"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10118422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Luteolin photo-protects zebrafish from environmental stressor ultraviolet radiation (UVB).","authors":"Gokul Sudhakaran,&nbsp;Madesh Selvam,&nbsp;A R Sreekutty,&nbsp;Abhirami Chandran,&nbsp;Bader O Almutairi,&nbsp;Selvaraj Arokiyaraj,&nbsp;Pachaiappan Raman,&nbsp;Ajay Guru,&nbsp;Jesu Arockiaraj","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2249944","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2249944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultraviolet B wavelength ray radiation (UVB) is an environmental stressor with detrimental effects to the aquatic and human systems but also enhances adverse effects when combined with several other environmental factors such as temperature and pollution. UV rays induce cellular oxidative damage and impair motility. This study aimed to examine the photo-protective activity of flavonoid luteolin against UV-B irradiation-induced oxidative stress and cellular damage using zebrafish. An <i>in-vivo</i> photoaging model was established using UV-B irradiation in zebrafish larvae exposed to 100 mJ/cm². Data demonstrated that UV-B irradiation of swimming water enhanced production of ROS and superoxide anions as well as depleted total glutathione levels in zebrafish larvae. UV-B irradiation also triggered cellular damage and membrane rupture in zebra fish. Further, 100 mJ/cm² of UV-B radiation exposure to adult-wild type zebrafish co-exposed with intraperitoneally (ip) injected luteolin upregulated the local neuroendocrine axes by activating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and elevating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α. Histologically, UV-B irradiation induced skin lesions and locomotory defects with clumping and degeneration of brain glial cells. However, luteolin effectively inhibited the excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased superoxide anion levels induced by UV-B irradiation. Luteolin restored the depleted glutathione levels. In addition, luteolin blocked apoptosis and lipidperoxidation. Luteolin protected adult zebrafish by downregulating the pro-inflammatory cytokine protein expression levels and diminishing VEGF activation. Luteolin also alleviated locomotory defects by inhibiting activation of microglia and inflammatory responses by preventing accumulation of glial cells and vacuolation. Data demonstrate that luteolin may protect zebrafish from UV-B-induced photodamage through DNA-protective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":"86 19","pages":"720-734"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10174215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotoxic action of bifenthrin nanoparticles and its effect on the development, productivity, and behavior of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>.","authors":"Martha P Cruces,&nbsp;Emilio Pimentel,&nbsp;Luz M Vidal,&nbsp;Elizabeth Jiménez,&nbsp;Hugo Suárez,&nbsp;Enrique Camps,&nbsp;Enrique Campos-González","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2234408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2023.2234408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rapid development of nanotechnology, particularly nanoparticles of pesticides, has facilitated the transformation of traditional agriculture. However, testing their effectiveness is essential for avoiding any environmental or adverse human health risk attributed to nanoparticle-based formulations, especially insecticides. Recently, organic nanoparticles of bifenthrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, were successfully synthesized by laser ablation of solids in liquid technique, with the most probable size of 5 nm. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of acute exposure to bifenthrin (BIF) or bifenthrin nanoparticles (BIFNP) on larval-adult viability, developmental time, olfactory capacity, longevity, productivity defined as the number of eggs per couple, and genotoxicity in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>. Data demonstrated that BIFNP produced a marked delay in developmental time, significant reduction in viability and olfactory ability compared to BIF. No marked differences were detected between BIF and BIFNP on longevity and productivity. Genotoxicity findings indicated that only BIF, at longer exposure duration increased genetic damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":"86 18","pages":"661-677"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10011391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicological profile of the <i>Hymenaea courbaril</i> stem bark hydroalcoholic extract using <i>in vitro</i> bioassays and an alternative <i>in vivo Caenorhabditis elegans</i> model.","authors":"Larissa Aline Carneiro Lobo,&nbsp;Peterson Alves Santos,&nbsp;Jayne Torres de Sousa,&nbsp;Jaqueline Nascimento Picada,&nbsp;Sara Elis Bianchi,&nbsp;Valquiria Linck Bassani,&nbsp;Francisco Carlos da Silva,&nbsp;Eduardo Miranda Ethur,&nbsp;Márcia Inês Goettert,&nbsp;Patrícia Pereira","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2237069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2023.2237069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Hymenaea</i> genus has been used in folk medicine in Brazil, but few studies investigated its toxicity profile. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine toxicological parameters of <i>Hymenaea courbaril</i> stem bark hydroalcoholic extract by utilizing three cell lines including murine macrophages (RAW 264.7), mouse fibroblast cells (L929) and human lung fibroblast (MRC-5), as well as <i>Salmonella/</i>microsome assay, and <i>in vivo Caenorhabditis elegans</i> model. The predominant detected phytoconstituents in the extract were coumarins, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins and saponins and by HPLC analysis, astilbin (AST) was found to be the main component. The DPPH assay demonstrated that <i>H. courbaril</i> hydroalcoholic extract exhibited potent antioxidant activity, with an IC₅₀ of 3.12 μg/ml. The extract at concentrations of 400 and 800 μg/ml decreased cell viability 48 hr after treatment in L929 and MRC-5 cell lines. In the Raw 264.7 strain, just the highest concentration (800 μg/ml) lowered cell viability within 48 hr following exposure. The concentration of 100 μg/ml did not markedly affect cell viability in the trypan blue assay. In the alkaline comet assay the extract was found to be non-genotoxic. In the Ames test, the extract exhibited low mutagenic potential without metabolic activation, since only the highest concentrations produced an effect. <i>H. courbaril</i> extract only affected the survival of <i>C. elegans</i> at concentrations of 800 and 1600 μl/ml. These findings demonstrate that <i>H. courbaril</i> extract appears to exert low toxicity as evidenced <i>in vitro</i> and mutagenicity assays; however, the biological relevance of the response of <i>C. elegans</i> survival to safety assessments needs further studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":"86 18","pages":"678-695"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10364870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health benefits of reducing ambient levels of fine particulate matter: a mortality impact assessment in Taiwan.","authors":"Shang-Shyue Tsai,&nbsp;Chun-Yuh Yang","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2233985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2023.2233985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While numerous studies have found a relationship between long-term exposure to airborne fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and higher risk of death, few investigations examined the contribution that a reduction of exposure to ambient PM_2.5 levels might exert on mortality rates. This study aimed to collect data on changes in annual average ambient levels of PM_2.5 from 2006 to 2020 and consequent health impact in public health in 65 municipalities in Taiwan. Avoidable premature mortality was used here as an indicator of adverse health impact or health benefits. Annual PM_2.5 levels were averaged for the years 2006, 2010, and 2020. In accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) methodology, differences were estimated in the number of deaths attributed to ambient PM_2.5 exposure which were derived from concentration-response data from prior epidemiological studies. PM_2.5 concentrations were found to have been decreased markedly throughout Taiwan over the two-decade study. As the PM_2.5 concentrations fell, so was the health burden as evidenced by number of deaths concomitantly reduced from 22.4% in 2006 to 8.47% in 2020. Data demonstrated that reducing annual mean levels of PM_2.5 to PM₁₀ ug/m³ was associated with decrease in the total burden of mortality, with a 2.22-13.18% fall in estimated number of PM_2.5-related deaths between 2006 and 2020. Based upon these results, these declines in ambient PM_2.5 levels were correlated with significant improvement in public health (health benefits) and diminished number of deaths in Taiwan.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":"86 18","pages":"653-660"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10002423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical and biological characterization of aqueous extract of <i>Vassobia breviflora</i> on proliferation and viability of melanoma cells: involvement of purinergic pathway.","authors":"Altevir Rossato Viana, Nathieli Bianchin Bottari, Vinícius Rodrigues Oviedo, Daniel Santos, James Eduardo Lago Londero, Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger, Erico Marlon Moraes Flores, Aline Pigatto, André Passaglia Schuch, Alexandre Krause, Luciana Maria Fontanari Krause","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2233989","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2233989","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Vassobia breviflora</i> belongs to the Solanaceae family, possessing biological activity against tumor cells and is a promising alternative for therapy. The aim of this investigation was to determine the phytochemical properties <i>V. breviflora</i> using ESI-ToF-MS. The cytotoxic effects of this extract were examined in B16-F10 melanoma cells and the relationship if any to purinergic signaling was involved. The antioxidant activity of total phenols, (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) was analyzed, as well as production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) was determined. Genotoxicity was assessed by DNA damage assay. Subsequently, the structural bioactive compounds were docked against purinoceptors P2X₇ and P2Y₁ receptors. The bioactive compounds found in <i>V. breviflora</i> were <i>N</i>-methyl-(2S,4 R)-<i>trans</i>-4-hydroxy-L-proline, calystegine B, 12-O-benzoyl- tenacigenin A and bungoside B. <i>In vitro</i> cytotoxicity was demonstrated at concentration ranges of 0.1-10 mg/ml, and plasmid DNA breaks only at the concentration of 10 mg/ml. <i>V. breviflora</i> extracts affected hydrolysis by ectoenzymes, such as ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (E-NTPDase) and ectoadenosine deaminase (E-ADA) which control levels of degradation and formation of nucleosides and nucleotides. In the presence of substrates ATP, ADP, AMP and adenosine, the activities of E-NTPDase, 5´-NT or E-ADA were significantly modulated by <i>V. breviflora</i>. <i>N</i>-methyl-(2S,4 R)-<i>trans</i>-4-hydroxy-<i>L</i>-proline presented higher binding affinity (according to receptor-ligand complex estimated binding affinity as evidenced by ∆G values) to bind to both P2X₇ and P2Y₁purinergic receptors.Our results suggest a putative interaction of <i>V. breviflora</i> bioactive compounds with growth inhibitory potential in B16-F10 melanoma and suggest that may be considered as promising compounds in melanoma and cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":"86 17","pages":"632-652"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9815275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical characterization, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of crude extracts of <i>Anisomeles malabarica</i> and <i>Coldenia procumbens</i>.","authors":"Ramalingam Revathi, R Akash, Ramasamy Mahadevi, Singaravel Sengottuvelu, Palanisamy Mohanraj, Natesan Vijayakumar, Rajapandiyan Krishnamoorthy, Mohammad Z Ahmed, Shadab Kazmi, Ramamoorthy Kavitha","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2231484","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2231484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical profile, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of crude aqueous leaf extracts of <i>Anisomeles malabarica</i> and <i>Coldenia procumbens</i>. The predominant components present in these crude extracts of test plants identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis in both plant extracts were phytochemicals including flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and phenols. The antibacterial activity of crude extracts of these plants against bacterial pathogens including <i>Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Shigella</i> sp., <i>Salmonella paratyphi</i> A and B, <i>Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas</i> sp. <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> were examined. Data demonstrated that the extracts of <i>A. malabarica</i> and <i>C. procumbens</i> exhibited significant antibacterial activity against <i>B.subtilis</i> and <i>P.vulgaris</i> at the concentration of 50 mg/ml. <i>A. malabarica</i> aqueous extract displayed significant antioxidant activity on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazl (DPPH), fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) free radicals at the concentration of 90 mg/ml. The antioxidant activity was significantly higher with <i>A. malabarica</i> than extract of <i>C. procumbens</i>. Evidence indicates that both plant extracts may possess significant pharmaceutical potential as antibacterial and antioxidant agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":"86 17","pages":"614-631"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9857236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure of Akwesasne Mohawk women to polychlorinated biphenyls and hexachlorobenzene is associated with increased serum levels of thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies.","authors":"Florence Lee, Mia V Gallo, Lawrence M Schell, Julia Jennings, David A Lawrence, Akwesasne Task Force On The Environment","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2226685","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2226685","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (<i>p,p'</i>-DDT) were reported to influence immunological activity. As endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC), these pollutants may disrupt normal thyroid function and act as catalysts for development of autoimmune thyroid disease by directly and indirectly affecting levels of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAbs). Native American communities are disproportionately exposed to harmful toxicants and are at an increased risk of developing an autoimmune disease. The aim of this study was to determine the association between POPs and TPOAbs in serum obtained from Native American women. This assessment was used to measure whether increased risk of autoimmune thyroid disease occurred as a result of exposure to POPs. Data were collected from 183 Akwesasne Mohawk women, 21-38 years of age, between 2009 and 2013. Multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the association between toxicant exposure and levels of TPOAbs. In multiple logistic regression analyses, exposure to PCB congener 33 was related to elevated risk of individuals possessing above normal levels of TPOAbs. Further, HCB was associated with more than 2-fold higher risk of possessing above normal levels of TPOAbs compared to women with normal levels of TPOAbs. <i>p,p'</i>-DDE was not associated with TPOAb levels within this study. Exposure to PCB congener 33 and HCB was correlated with above normal levels of TPOAbs, a marker of autoimmune thyroid disease. Additional investigations are needed to establish the causes and factors surrounding autoimmune thyroid disease which are multiple and complex.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":"86 17","pages":"597-613"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9789222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absence of maternal-fetal adverse effects of <i>Alternanthera littoralis P</i>. Beauv. following treatment during pregnancy in mice.","authors":"Giovana Corbucci Danti Rezende,&nbsp;Renata Coelho Rodrigues Noronha,&nbsp;Hudman Cunha Ortiz,&nbsp;Luís Adriano Santos do Nascimento,&nbsp;Silvia Cordeiro das Neves,&nbsp;Yasmin Lany Ventura Said,&nbsp;Adauto Lima Cardoso,&nbsp;Vanessa Albuquerque de Mescouto,&nbsp;Marcelo Luiz Brandão Vilela,&nbsp;Valter Aragão do Nascimento,&nbsp;Henrique Rodrigues Scherer Coelho,&nbsp;Candida Aparecida Leite Kassuya,&nbsp;Taise Fonseca Pedroso,&nbsp;Marcos José Salvador,&nbsp;Rodrigo Juliano Oliveira","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2223624","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2223624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Alternanthera littoralis</i> P. Beauv is a plant native to Brazil that exhibits various beneficial activities including antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, anti-hyperalgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the ethanol extract of <i>Alternanthera littoralis</i> (EEAl) on reproductive outcomes, embryofetal development, and DNA integrity of pregnant female mice. Pregnant Swiss female mice were randomly assigned to three experimental groups (<i>n</i> = 10): controls were administered either 1% Tween 80 (vehicle), EEAl 100 mg/kg or EEAl 1000 mg/kg. Treatment was administered through gavage during the gestational period until day 18. On gestational days 16, 17, and 18, a peripheral blood sample from the tail vein was obtained for DNA integrity analysis (micronucleus test). After the last collection, animals were euthanized by cervical dislocation. Maternal organs and fetuses were collected, weighed, and subsequently analyzed. Reproductive outcome parameters were assessed by measurement of number of implants, live fetuses, and resorptions. Embryonic development was determined by adequacy of weight for gestational age as well as determination of external, visceral, and skeletal malformations. Data demonstrated that EEAl did not produce maternal toxicity at either dose associated with no marked alterations in any of the reproductive outcome parameters including implantation sites, live/dead fetuses ratio, fetal viability, post-implantation losses, resorptions, and resorption rate. However, EEAl 1000 group reduced embryofetal development by lowering placental weight. In addition, there was an increase in the frequency of external and skeletal malformations in the EEAl 1000 group, which could not be attributed to extract exposure as these values were within control levels. Based upon our findings, evidence indicates that the EEAl at the concentrations employed in our study may be considered safe for use during pregnancy and extracts of this plant show potential for development of phytomedicines to be used in pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":"86 16","pages":"543-556"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10156971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhalation of polycarbonate emissions generated during 3D printing processes affects neuroendocrine function in male rats.","authors":"Kristine Krajnak, Mariana Farcas, Walter McKinney, Stacey Waugh, Kyle Mandler, Alycia Knepp, Mark Jackson, Diana Richardson, MaryAnne Hammer, Joanna Matheson, Treye Thomas, Yong Qian","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2226198","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2023.2226198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three-dimensional (3D) printing of manufactured goods has increased in the last 10 years. The increased use of this technology has resulted in questions regarding the influence of inhaling emissions generated during printing. The goal of this study was to determine if inhalation of particulate and/or toxic chemicals generated during printing with polycarbonate (PC) plastic affected the neuroendocrine system. Male rats were exposed to 3D-printer emissions (592 µg particulate/m³ air) or filtered air for 4 h/day (d), 4 days/week and total exposures lengths were 1, 4, 8, 15 or 30 days. The effects of these exposures on hormone concentrations, and markers of function and/or injury in the olfactory bulb, hypothalamus and testes were measured after 1, 8 and 30 days exposure. Thirty days of exposure to 3D printer emissions resulted in reductions in thyroid stimulating hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and prolactin. These changes were accompanied by (1) elevation in markers of cell injury; (2) reductions in active mitochondria in the olfactory bulb, diminished gonadotropin releasing hormone cells and fibers as well as less tyrosine hydroxylase immunolabeled fibers in the arcuate nucleus; and (3) decrease in spermatogonium. Polycarbonate plastics may contain bisphenol A, and the effects of exposure to these 3D printer-generated emissions on neuroendocrine function are similar to those noted following exposure to bisphenol A.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":"86 16","pages":"575-596"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10527863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9799764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}