Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics最新文献

{"title":"Development of cost-effective CFD modeling techniques for transient missions of hyperloop vehicles","authors":"J. Galindo,&nbsp;R. Navarro,&nbsp;L. García-Cuevas,&nbsp;B. Pallás","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hyperloop system represents a promising alternative to the conventional means of transportation to face the critical environmental situation. Unfortunately, CFD modeling of hyperloop transient missions with a standard overset approach presents a high computational effort. This work aims to develop a methodology that reduces the cost of modeling a simplified pod with a three-phase operation: acceleration, cruise and deceleration. Firstly, a comparison between an overset domain and one employing Non-Reflecting Boundary Conditions (NRBCs) is conducted, resulting in a halving of the computational time and obtaining deviations of just 2.4% in vehicle drag. However, the larger reduction in cost comes with the development of an equivalent quasi-steady state configuration for hyperloop systems. The leading contribution of this paper is that the proposed approach considers the effect of the induced mass flow generated by the effect of moving a pod inside a tube, a non-negligible effect. Such a novel method helps reduce the error in terms of drag coefficient, which can achieve values higher than 40% if the boundary conditions for the steady state are not properly corrected. Consequently, the proposed method reduces simulations cost up to 35 times with an average error of only the 4% in power requirement predictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 106153"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gap effects on the aerodynamic characteristics and flow patterns of a long-span rail-cum-road bridge girder with three separated boxes","authors":"Yize Ran ,&nbsp;Wen-Li Chen ,&nbsp;Hui Li ,&nbsp;Donglai Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Separated box girder configurations enhance flutter stability in long-span bridges but introduce more complex flow interactions within the gaps, potentially inducing vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) at lower wind velocities. This study investigates the effects of gap ratios (<span><math><mrow><mi>G</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>H</mi></mrow></math></span>) on the aerodynamic characteristics and flow patterns of a long-span rail-cum-road bridge girder with three separated boxes. Stationary wind tunnel tests were conducted for <span><math><mrow><mi>G</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>H</mi></mrow></math></span> ranging from 0.000 to 7.752. Combined time–frequency analysis, pressure measurements, and smoke–wire visualizations revealed distinct flow characteristics for various gap ratio cases. As <span><math><mrow><mi>G</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>H</mi></mrow></math></span> increased, the upstream and middle box girders successively influenced the flow through vortex impingement on the windward sides of the downstream box girders. When <span><math><mrow><mi>G</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>H</mi></mrow></math></span> exceeded a critical threshold, the dominant frequency of the wake flow behind the downstream box girder became pronounced, indicating a general reduction in the influence of the upstream wake. The surface pressure distributions corroborated the observed vortex dynamics. Four distinct gap flow patterns were categorized: Pattern A exhibited overshoot flows in both upstream and downstream gaps for <span><math><mrow><mi>G</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>H</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>000</mn></mrow></math></span> to 0.678; Pattern B featured shear layer impingement in the upstream gap combined with vortex impingement in the downstream gap for <span><math><mrow><mi>G</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>H</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>775</mn></mrow></math></span> to 1.260; Pattern C displayed vortex impingement in the upstream gap and a secondary vortex street in the downstream gap for <span><math><mrow><mi>G</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>H</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>357</mn></mrow></math></span> to 1.841; Pattern D demonstrated alternate vortex shedding in both upstream and downstream gaps for <span><math><mrow><mi>G</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>H</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>938</mn></mrow></math></span> to 7.752. The phase lag between the fluctuating lift coefficients of adjacent box girders and the spanwise coherence coefficient elucidated the aerodynamic characteristics of the three-box girder under different gap flow patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 106137"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A design method of aeroelastic model for long-span three-tower steel truss girder cable-stayed bridges","authors":"Shang Congjie ,&nbsp;Xiang Huoyue ,&nbsp;Tian Xiangfu ,&nbsp;Bao Yulong ,&nbsp;Li Yongle ,&nbsp;Luo Kou","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional design methods of aeroelastic model for bridges do not strictly consider the similarity requirements of the axial and torsional stiffness of bridge towers, and are not suitable for simulating three-tower cable-stayed bridges. Moreover, the damping ratios of the aeroelastic model for steel truss cable-stayed bridges are usually difficult to control. In this paper, a design method of aeroelastic model for long-span three-tower steel truss girder cable-stayed bridge is proposed for the first time. For the bridge tower model, the multiaxial stiffness decoupling is realized by deducing the mechanical principle of the Uniaxial Multi-point Elastic Constraint (UMEC) model. For the steel truss girder model, the simulation of low damping ratio is realized by separating the shape system from the stiffness system. a full-bridge aeroelastic model with a geometric scale ratio of 1/160 was fabricated. The approximate mode shape, frequency and damping ratio of the mode are identified by the time history and phase of the signal. The modal test results and the buffeting characteristics in the turbulent flow field further verify the feasibility and reliability of the proposed design method. The research results can provide valuable reference for the aeroelastic model design and wind resistance research of similar bridges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 106152"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-span bridge flutter analysis in non-stationary downburst-like flows by Floquet Theory","authors":"Luca Caracoglia","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the research question whether bridge flutter instability can be triggered by thunderstorm downburst-like flows. The Floquet Theory is used to formulate a new analytically-based model, in which the loads are simulated using a transient periodic mean wind speed. This feature imitates the touchdowns of subsequent downbursts in the proximity of the deck at a relative distance <span><math><mi>r</mi></math></span> corresponding to the maximum spatial intensification (equal to about <span><math><mrow><mi>r</mi><mo>/</mo><msub><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mstyle><mi>d</mi><mi>b</mi></mstyle></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span> with <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mstyle><mi>d</mi><mi>b</mi></mstyle></mrow></msub></math></span> downburst horizontal core or “jet” diameter). The model accounts for the slow variations in the mean-wind flow velocity to evaluate flutter. Although this assumption may lead to a conservative estimation of the instability threshold, the study demonstrates that the critical flutter velocity is finite. Specifically, the model quantifies in closed form the minimum downburst intensity, i.e., the magnitude of the mean, horizontal along-wind velocity component, which causes the deck vibration to diverge. Two bridge models are used to illustrate the method: the Golden Gate Bridge and the Messina Strait Bridge (1992 design).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 106138"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On enhancing anti-overturning performance of a high-speed train with side airfoils in crosswinds","authors":"Jiazheng Chen ,&nbsp;Ao Xu ,&nbsp;Tanghong Liu ,&nbsp;Guangjun Gao ,&nbsp;Jie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aerodynamic issue in crosswind has become a serious challenge for the operational safety and stability of high-speed trains (HSTs). It's urgent to find out a new strategy to enhance the anti-overturning performance of HSTs. This study proposed a new flow control design with side airfoils (SAs) installed on the leeward side (LWS) of HSTs to improve the vortex structure adjacent the train's leeward side. The results show that the SAs have a beneficial impact on the crosswind aerodynamic loads of the HST with the decrease in the lateral force and overturning moment. The SAs also disturb the airflow over the train top and bottom, and contribute to a large pressure difference, resulting in an extra lift force to resist the overturning moment. Consequently, for the HST, the lift force coefficient is increased by 16.39 %, while the lateral force and overturning moment coefficients are decreased by 5.71 % and 9.41 %, respectively. In addition, the SAs have a considerable influence on the aerodynamic performance of the head car. The lift force coefficient is increased by 39.47 %, while the overturning moment coefficient is reduced by 11.44 %. Therefore, the findings of this study confirm that the SAs can obviously enhance the anti-overturning performance of the HST, which provides a new design method for the next generation higher-speed train travelling in windy regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 106151"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of building parameters on urban ventilation efficiency for pedestrian areas: Considering internal and external pollution sources","authors":"Gaoqiang Cao ,&nbsp;Tingting Hu ,&nbsp;Guoyi Jiang ,&nbsp;Jinxin Cao ,&nbsp;Yan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the impact of contemporary residential building layouts on urban ventilation efficiency through computational fluid dynamics simulations. Using a representative Shanghai residential district as a baseline model, multiple urban configurations were developed by systematically varying key parameters including building coverage ratio (<em>BCR</em>), passage width, building height distribution, and spatial arrangement while maintaining a constant floor area ratio. The analysis incorporated both internal and external pollution sources to assess pollutant dispersion patterns across different urban morphologies. Ventilation performance was evaluated using three dimensionless indices: spatially-averaged wind speed ratio, normalized concentration, and visitation frequency. Complementary analyses of air exchange rates and pollutant flux further elucidated ventilation mechanisms and interrelationships between evaluation indices. Main findings reveal that: enhanced ventilation correlates strongly with wider pedestrian passages and lower building coverage ratios; staggered building arrays demonstrate superior ventilation performance compared to aligned configurations under high-density conditions (<em>BCR</em> ≥0.166); vertical height variation in compact layouts (<em>BCR</em> = 0.33) improves ventilation efficiency by 8.8–22.1 % under perpendicular wind incidence (90°); compared to external pollution source, internal source show strong morphological sensitivity. This work validates the robustness of existing design parameter (passage ratio) in ventilation design and expands its scope of application for urban design and planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 106150"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of wind-induced vibration and collapse failure of prestressed truss string structures under thunderstorm downbursts","authors":"Yiwen Lu ,&nbsp;Wenhao Liu ,&nbsp;Bin Zeng ,&nbsp;Chang Wu ,&nbsp;Zhen Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A deterministic-stochastic hybrid model is employed to simulate the thunderstorm downburst wind field on prestressed truss string structures (PTSS). Subsequently, machine learning techniques are utilized to predict the wind pressure coefficients (WPCs) of the structure under such downbursts, which indicate that the XGBoost model demonstrates superior predictive performance, achieving the R² of 0.9921. Based on the wind field simulations and WPC predictions, the wind-induced vibration response of the PTSS is analyzed. The results show that yielding of diagonal web members leads to significant residual deformation, while cables experience tension relaxation, with up to 56 % loss. Subsequent incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) quantitatively investigated the progressive deformation patterns and the wind-driven collapse mechanism. As the downburst wind speed approaches its peak, stress conditions of the top and bottom chords undergo a sudden change. Notably, significant mid-span deformation occurs in the bottom chord on the windward side, leading to bulging and sinking areas. The stress conditions of diagonal web members undergo a secondary abrupt change leading to buckling, increasing buckling degrees among related members. Such changes cause substantial rotations within one-third span of truss on the windward side, culminating in dynamic structural collapse, which indicates the high sensitivity of PTSS under thunderstorm downbursts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 106146"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144253737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aeroelastic testing of monopole mounted on a high-rise building under atmospheric boundary layer wind","authors":"Mohamed Eissa ,&nbsp;Haitham A. Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Amal Elawady","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modern architectural designs of high-rise buildings have evolved to comprise a higher pinnacle to further increase the building height or to incorporate telecommunication devices by utilizing roof-mounted structures such as monopoles or lattice towers. However, due to their height and flexibility, the susceptibility of roof-mounted structures to wind-induced vibrations becomes a concern, especially when it couples with building-associated vibrations. Prior studies have addressed the wind-induced response of either high-rise buildings solely or ground-mounted telecommunication structures, leaving a gap in understanding the behavior of their roof-mounted replicas. To that end, this paper investigates the dynamic response of roof-mounted monopoles through an aeroelastic wind testing campaign. A 2-DOF aeroelastic model with a geometric scaling of 1:150 was developed to represent a 166-m high-rise building with a 40-m tall hollow-sectioned monopole mounted on the rooftop. This paper considers varying wind speeds and structural damping conditions of the supporting building. Results indicate that wind-induced vibrations of the building significantly amplify the response of the roof-mounted monopole for different Scruton numbers. Additionally, the vibrational characteristics of the building may be reflected in the monopole's response, inducing an amplification in the response. The across-wind response of the building greatly influences the dynamic response of roof-mounted monopoles, an effect that current standards overlook. The findings suggest maximum magnification factors of 8.83 based on the root-mean-square (RMS) of wind forces acting on the tip of the monopole in the across-wind direction. Furthermore, vortex-shedding effects associated with the building cause excessive vibration in the monopole, particularly at low Scruton numbers. This study lays the foundation for bridging the existing gap in the literature and provides foundational insights into wind-induced dynamics of roof-mounted monopoles that potentially inform future advancements in building codes and standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 106149"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144253837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep probabilistic modeling of environment-dependent tropical cyclone intensity evolution using Flow generative models","authors":"Wenjun Jiang ,&nbsp;Xi Zhong ,&nbsp;Jize Zhang ,&nbsp;Ahsan Kareem","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, Flow-based deep generative models are developed to simulate the environment-dependent tropical cyclone (TC) intensity evolution. Leveraging Flow’s unique capability to tractably model complex probability distributions, a conditional randomization test was first implemented to reduce the TC intensity dependency from a large pool of fifteen candidate variables to five significant ones. Then, a conditional Flow model was developed to guide the over-ocean environment-dependent TC intensity evolution, and an enhanced land decay model was developed for over-land evolution. 963 storms from China Meteorological Administration (CMA) dataset during 1980 to 2022 were used to develop and evaluate the Flow-based simulation framework in the Western Northern Pacific (WNP) basin. Overall, the proposed approach showed an excellent fit with historical observations in terms of hindcasting performance, simulated TC key statistics, TC spatial distributions, and the probability distributions of 6-h and 24-h intensity change. Flow-based models also competed favorably over existing stochastic linear regression models or Hidden Markov Models. Finally, a site-specific simulation validation along the China coastline showcased its potential for TC wind disaster assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 106127"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of critical tornado load effects on multi-span transmission line–insulator systems: A framework integrated with analytical and optimization methods","authors":"Tao Chen ,&nbsp;Dahai Wang ,&nbsp;Zenghao Huang ,&nbsp;Qingshan Yang ,&nbsp;Guoqing Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Predicting the wind load effects on a multi-span transmission line-insulator system (MSTLIS) during tornado conditions presents challenges due to its unique characteristics, including localized size, three-dimensional wind profiles, and the time-varying, uncertain positions of components resulting from tornado translation. This study focuses on predicting critical tornado-induced reactions transmitted to transmission towers, which are the key factors for controlled load cases in structural design. A nonlinear analytical method is introduced, integrating deformation compatibility and equilibrium equations for conductors and insulators to evaluate the quasi-static dynamic responses of MSTLIS under non-uniform, time-varying tornado loads. The accuracy of this method is validated against numerical results from the finite element method (FEM). Additionally, a pattern search optimization algorithm is utilized to efficiently identify critical tornado load cases under any tornado and structural parameters, outperforming traditional grid search methods. This framework is further employed in a parametric analysis to explore the influence of various parameters on critical load cases. This paper provides novel insights for enhancing the prediction of critical load cases for MSTLIS reactions on towers under moving tornado conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 106136"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}