Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics最新文献

{"title":"Numerical investigation of the influence of street length and building configurations on ventilation and pollutant dispersion in idealized street canyons","authors":"Namrata Mishra ,&nbsp;Aditya Kumar Patra ,&nbsp;Abhishek Penchala ,&nbsp;Samrat Santra","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper investigates the influence of street length on ventilation and dispersion of traffic-induced pollutants in urban street canyons, an aspect often overlooked in previous studies. Employing computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the research explores airflow and pollutant dispersion in symmetric, step-up, and step-down canyons across different aspect ratios (AR = 1 and 3) and street lengths (L), ranging from 2 to 20 times the street width (W). The results indicate that pollutant concentration increases with street length in symmetric and step-up canyons, whereas it decreases in step-down canyons for L &gt; 10W. High-rise (AR = 3) step-down canyons exhibit higher pollutant levels compared to their low-rise (AR = 1) counterparts, while step-up canyons exhibit the opposite trend. In symmetric canyons with L/W ≤ 5, low-rise configurations have nearly double the pollutant concentration of high-rise canyons, but this relationship reverses for L/W &gt; 5. Ventilation is more effective at street ends than at the canyon roof, with turbulent velocity components dominating over mean velocity in driving air exchange. Higher L/W ratios correlate with reduced air exchange rates, signifying decreased ventilation efficiency as street length increases. These findings offer critical insights for enhancing urban air quality through optimized street canyon design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 106016"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field-based investigation of snow-drift flux increases in blowing snow and application to mapping of short-term visibility reduction using mesoscale meteorological simulation","authors":"Tsubasa Okaze ,&nbsp;Risa Kawashima ,&nbsp;Takeru Ito ,&nbsp;Satoshi Omiya ,&nbsp;Hirofumi Niiya ,&nbsp;Kouichi Nishimura","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Blowing snow, driven by strong winds, significantly reduces visibility and poses a serious threat to winter road safety in snowy regions. To address this issue, this study aimed to investigate the short-term fluctuations in snow-drift flux caused by turbulent wind gusts, which can lead to rapid visibility reductions. We conducted field observations in a snowfield located on the east side of Hokkaido, Japan, to analyze the relationships between 10-min mean wind speed, 10-min mean snow-drift flux, and the maximum 1-min mean snow-drift flux during the same period. Using these relationships, we demonstrated visibility maps with mesoscale meteorological simulation as an application. Our results indicated that the 10-min mean snow-drift flux at 1.0 m height under a wind speed of 20 m/s was two orders of magnitude larger than that at a wind speed of 10 m/s. Additionally, the maximum 1-min snow-drift flux was approximately three times larger than the 10-min mean value. Thus, the estimated minimum 1-min mean visibility showed approximately half of the 10-min mean visibility. These findings provide valuable insights into the spatial distribution of visibility reduction, which could be instrumental in improving road safety measures and guiding drivers to select appropriate routes during blowing snow conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105989"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mean and maximum two dimensional wind force on an open-grown tree","authors":"Nikolas Angelou ,&nbsp;Barry Gardiner ,&nbsp;Ebba Dellwik","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accurate quantification of the wind loading on trees is crucial for estimating the risk of tree damage. Here, we present an experimental quantification of the wind force on a rural, open-grown, deciduous tree. We first demonstrate that the amplitude and direction of the two-dimensional force vector can be estimated using two strain gauges mounted on the bottom of the stem. Secondly, we show that the dynamic response of the tree along the mean wind direction shows differences from that in the transverse direction, indicating the importance of studying both force components. Subsequently, the analysis is focused on the mean and maximum wind force over a wide wind speed range. During winter, both the mean and maximum force is described by a quadratic wind speed dependence, whereas during summer, an adjustment is needed to account for the reconfiguration of the leaves. This adjustment is parameterized using the same functional relationship for the mean and maximum force. Overall, in the wind speed range between 4–11 ms⁻¹ the maximum wind load was 49%–66% and 52%–79% larger than the mean, during the summer and winter, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105966"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of a novel transition curve for simulating wind fields in complex terrain using field measurements","authors":"Peng He ,&nbsp;Chuanjin Yu ,&nbsp;Yongle Li ,&nbsp;Xinyu Chen ,&nbsp;Ziwei Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation is a cost-effective and reproducible technique that has become a pivotal tool for researching wind characteristics in complex terrains, which is a critical area of investigation for wind resistance in large-span bridges. To ensure reliable those CFD analysis, it is crucial to rely on effective transitional curve. In this study, a novel transition curve based on the Bernstein basis function is proposed, which exhibits superior transition capabilities compared to existing transition curves applied in ideal terrains under comprehensive indices. Subsequently, this curve was applied to numerically simulate the wind field in a gorge terrain bridge site. The simulated spatial mean wind field was compared with three years of measurement data along a long-span bridge. The findings indicate that in the absence of transitional curves in terrain models of varying scales, the simulated wind speed distribution along the bridge can differ significantly from the actual measurements. However, the addition of various transitional curves yields superior results, with the recommended transitional section performing the best, with the relative error in wind speed for the dominant wind direction of less than 10%. Furthermore, the recommended transitional curve demonstrates strong applicability to terrain models of different sizes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105967"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of driving safety and comfort during vortex-induced vibrations in a long-span bridge considering wind-vehicle-bridge interactions","authors":"Yiheng Fu ,&nbsp;Fengying Wu ,&nbsp;Chen Chai ,&nbsp;Wei Cui ,&nbsp;Yongle Li ,&nbsp;Lin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) has a detrimental influence on the traffic management of bridges and threatens driving safety and comfort. To quantitatively assess driving safety and comfort under VIV conditions, this study incorporates a nonlinear vortex-excited force aerodynamic model to simulate VIVs based on the classic theory of wind-vehicle-bridge interactions. Based on the wheel load reduction rate and acceleration response to vehicle vibration, driving safety and comfort are analyzed from the perspective of vehicle dynamic performance. A novel approach is firstly proposed to quantify the influence of blind area on driving safety by incorporating the concept of stopping sight distance, along with the introduction of a general fitting formula to address this issue. Additionally, the factors influencing drivers’ vision under VIV are discussed, including height, distance and time-history. This study provides a comprehensive comparison of the permitted limits on VIV amplitudes from the perspectives of driving safety and comfort, highlighting the significance of considering the comfort index based on vehicle dynamic response. This approach effectively addresses the shortcomings of existing specifications in assessing driving comfort while proposing formulations for calculating VIV amplitude limits at different vehicle speeds, aiming to increase the maximal transportation capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 106007"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparities in aeolian sand transport across low and high wind speeds in the atmospheric surface layer","authors":"Guowen Han,&nbsp;Zhilin Huang,&nbsp;Xiaobin Zhang,&nbsp;Guowei Xin","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Synchronously measured high-frequency wind speeds and saltation mass flux data were used to investigate the wind-blown sand transport dynamics across low and high wind speeds in the atmospheric surface layer. Our study reveals that the probability density functions (PDFs) of non-zero values of saltation mass flux follow an exponential distribution at relatively low wind speeds (<em>u</em>_<em>τ</em> &lt; 0.35 m s⁻¹). However, these PDFs shift to a lognormal distribution at relatively high wind speeds (<em>u</em>_<em>τ</em> &gt; 0.45 m s⁻¹). Additionally, the response of saltation mass flux to turbulent motions varies with wind speed. For example, sweep turbulent events contribute 55% to the total saltation mass flux at low wind speeds, whereas they contribute 45% at high wind speeds. Furthermore, Bagnold's formula, Kawamura's formula, and the formula developed by Martin and Kok are effective at high wind speeds. However, due to the intermittency of aeolian sand transport at low wind speeds, these formulas are invalid. We employed the condition-averaged saltation sand transport rate (<em>Q</em>_<em>c</em>) to investigate the scaling laws of saltation sand transport rates. Compared to the time-averaged saltation sand transport rate used in previous studies, <em>Q</em>_<em>c</em> values align more closely with the formula developed by Martin and Kok.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105990"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel AR-MEM-PJTM method for simulating multivariate stationary non-Gaussian wind pressure processes","authors":"Fengbo Wu ,&nbsp;Yuan Hu ,&nbsp;Yi Lu ,&nbsp;Xingui Yao ,&nbsp;Jingzhou Xin ,&nbsp;Yan Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is generally accepted that the wind-induced response time domain analysis for nonlinear structures requires accurate and fast simulation of non-Gaussian wind pressures. Recently, an enhanced autoregressive (AR)-based method for simulating univariate wind pressures has been proposed by some authors of this study. However, the corresponding method for simulating multivariate wind pressures is missing. This study comprehensively uses AR, maximum entropy method (MEM), piecewise Johnson transformation model (PJTM) and proposes a novel AR-MEM-PJTM method for simulating multivariate non-Gaussian wind pressures. In this method, a set of closed-form formulations for estimating higher-order moments of the AR's input process vector are firstly theoretically derived. Next, MEM is used to approximate the marginal probability distribution function of the input process vector, which is then applied to determine PJTM. The proposed AR-MEM-PJTM method is illustrated in the numerical examples to be capable of considering more moments, thus result in satisfactory simulations for a variety of multivariate non-Gaussian wind pressures. It is also pointed out that the proposed method is not restricted by the application range, which actually exists in the conventional methods using AR model. Note that the proposed method can also be applied to simulate other non-Gaussian processes such as the wind speed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105999"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance-based wind design of tall mass timber buildings with coupled post-tensioned cross-laminated timber shear walls","authors":"Nahom K. Berile,&nbsp;Matiyas A. Bezabeh","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Engineered timber panels, such as cross-laminated timber (CLT), have enabled tall mass timber buildings to reach heights equivalent to mid-rise concrete and steel buildings. Tall mass timber buildings are lighter and more flexible than their concrete and steel equivalents, which makes their design wind-critical. The current prescriptive code-based design of main wind force resisting systems (MWFRSs) only considers buildings’ linear-elastic capacity, resulting in costly designs requiring commercially unavailable timber cross sections. This prevents engineers from fully utilizing timber as MWFRS and limits the height that mass timber buildings can reach. In performance-based wind design (PBWD), nonlinear-inelastic deformation in specially designed and detailed parts of MWFRSs enables an optimal design. However, controlling damage accumulation in structures can be challenging due to the substantial mean component of wind loads in the along-wind direction. To this end, self-centering systems such as coupled post-tensioned CLT (PT-CLT) walls can offer a solution. However, despite extensive analytical and experimental studies on the use of PT-CLT walls as seismic force-resisting systems, their use as MWFRSs has not been explored. Therefore, this paper proposes the use of PT-CLT walls as MWFRSs in tall mass timber buildings and develops a new PBWD approach for their design. To demonstrate the applicability of the PBWD approach, 8- and 16-story prototype mass timber buildings hypothetically located in Toronto, Canada, were designed using PBWD and load information from wind tunnel tests. For performance assessment, three-dimensional multi-spring numerical models were developed in <em>OpenSeesPy</em> and validated with full-scale quasi-static cyclic and shaking table experimental tests. Performance assessments using nonlinear response history analysis (NLRHA) under simultaneous along-, across-, and torsional-wind loads for 36 wind directions were carried out. The results indicate that the proposed PBWD framework is practical and effective for designing PT-CLT shear walls as MWFRSs in tall mass timber buildings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105981"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review, CFD and ML analysis of flow around tandem circular cylinders at sub-critical Reynolds numbers","authors":"Mariam Nagi Amer ,&nbsp;Ahmed Abuelyamen ,&nbsp;Vladimir B. Parezanović ,&nbsp;Ahmed K. Alkaabi ,&nbsp;Saeed A. Alameri ,&nbsp;Imran Afgan","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hybrid review paper meticulously examines crucial research on tandem cylinders across a broad range of Reynolds (<span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span>) numbers, extending up to <span><math><mrow><mn>170</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>000</mn></mrow></math></span> for Strouhal (<span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></math></span>) and <span><math><mrow><mn>300</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>000</mn></mrow></math></span> for pressure coefficients (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>). By consolidating findings on various flow parameters, including Strouhal number, drag (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>D</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>), lift (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>L</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>), and pressure coefficients (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>), the paper advocates the use of experimental and three-dimensional numerical data, exclusively omitting two-dimensional numerical data, especially at higher <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span> numbers. To this end, the predictive performance of different machine learning techniques-such as XGBoost, genetic optimization, ensemble modeling, and Random Forest-was evaluated using numerical simulations and data sourced from literature. The results demonstrate that, given a sufficiently large dataset, these techniques can accurately predict flow variables like Strouhal number and pressure coefficients with minimal computational cost. However, it is crucial to use only three-dimensional datasets for such analyses. The study identifies Random Forest and XGBoost models as the most accurate in forecasting flow-induced oscillations and pressure distributions around the cylinders, exhibiting the lowest mean squared errors for Strouhal number and pressure coefficient predictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105998"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spanwise flow control of bridge deck using Bayesian optimization technique","authors":"Xiaolong Deng ,&nbsp;Qiulei Wang ,&nbsp;Wenli Chen ,&nbsp;Gang Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a novel framework in bridge wind engineering, merging Bayesian optimization (BO) with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to optimize spanwise control parameters for the Great Belt bridge deck. This study leverages the BO framework for an automated, data-driven adjustment of the blow-suction sinusoidal spanwise perturbation (SSP) parameters at the leading and trailing edges of bridge decks. The primary aim is to finely tune the SSP control, stimulating the secondary instability in the spanwise vortices in the wake flow field. This process effectively generates streamwise vortices to suppress the spanwise ones, significantly mitigating fluctuating aerodynamic forces and vortex-induced vibration of the bridge deck, improving its aerodynamic stability. The results demonstrate that the BO framework-driven SSP control method can efficiently reduce the aerodynamic forces while finding the optimal SSP wavelength. Furthermore, through the optimization of multi-parameter variables in SSP control, the optimal combination of amplitudes and wavelengths for the SSP are achieved. Additionally, it was found that blow-suction at the trailing edge of the bridge deck is more effective than at the leading edge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105955"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}