Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics最新文献

{"title":"Study of the flow field characteristics and pressure prediction of jet fans in the tunnel with building beams","authors":"Zihan Yu ,&nbsp;Jiaming Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhisheng Xu ,&nbsp;Shiyi Chen ,&nbsp;Baochao Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The tunnel with building beams is a new type of tunnel that combines an above-ground building with an underground tunnel to save space in the city. These tunnels have dense beams on the tunnel ceiling for load-bearing. When jet fans work, a large resistance is generated in the tunnels with building beams. In this study, numerical simulation models of tunnels with different beam sizes were built and used to obtain the velocity and pressure distributions. The results show that the pressure of jet fans is lower. The tunnel velocity affects the air entrained in the fan inlet section. Depending on the ratio of beam height to beam spacing, three different flow regimes are produced. The dimensionless beam size <em>L*</em> is introduced to describe the flow regime in the tunnel. When L* &lt;20, skimming flow and wake interference flow are dominant， which has little influence on jet fans. When L* &gt;20, isolated roughness flow is dominant. The velocity and pressure in the tunnel are maintained at a low level, which has a negative impact on jet fans. Results can help engineers estimate the impact of beam size on jet fans and improve tunnel ventilation systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 105873"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142167674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental evaluation on PID-based adaptive longitudinal ventilation control of tunnel fire smoke","authors":"Xin Guo ,&nbsp;Zhijie Lin ,&nbsp;Dong Yang ,&nbsp;Ying Yang ,&nbsp;Li Jiang ,&nbsp;Yingli Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In actual fire scenarios, the heat release rate (HRR) is unknown, and excessive longitudinal ventilation velocity can compromise the safety of evacuations downstream from fire source. Therefore, PID-based adaptive longitudinal ventilation is introduced to maintain optimal backlayering lengths upstream while ensuring favorable thermal stratification downstream. A series of experiments under various HRR and longitudinal ventilation were conducted to derive a semi-empirical formula for predicting critical velocity. Subsequently, experiments with PID-based ventilation were conducted to determine a set of control parameter combinations for practical reference. The performance of PID-based adaptive ventilation in controlling tunnel fire smoke at different HRRs was investigated. Compared to critical ventilation, PID-based ventilation significantly enhances smoke thermal stratification downstream. The parameter accessing the stratification stability, <span><math><mrow><mo>Δ</mo><msub><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub><mo>/</mo><mo>Δ</mo><msub><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>v</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>, can be increased by up to 53.2%. As the HRR increases, the delay and stabilization time of the PID-based ventilation system decrease, while the overshoot increases. Nonetheless, the upstream steady-state temperature, controlled by PID-based ventilation, remains impervious to HRR fluctuations. <span><math><mrow><mo>Δ</mo><msub><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub><mo>/</mo><mo>Δ</mo><msub><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>v</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> are all greater than the threshold value of 1.7, which means excellent smoke thermal stratification. PID-based ventilation effectively controls fire smoke in stable, step-change and t-squared changing HRRs, thereby optimizing the management of ventilation system and enhancing the rescue efficiency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 105884"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142163211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Delayed Extra-LES model for the aerodynamics of simplified automotive models","authors":"Antonio Ghidoni,&nbsp;Edoardo Mantecca,&nbsp;Gianmaria Noventa","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aerodynamic Drag Reduction needs a high-fidelity simulation of the flow phenomena, but traditional high-fidelity numerical models, e.g., Direct Numerical Simulation or Large Eddy Simulation, are still too computational demanding for the automotive industry. This topic is of particular interest for researchers and manufacturers because of its potential impact on fuel consumption and global emissions for thermal vehicles, and/or energy savings for electric vehicles. The green economy, promoted by many governments around the world with an emphasis on the effects of climate change, has changed the automotive perspective in recent years, with global emissions and energy savings as a key policy. Between the different high-fidelity numerical models for turbulent flows, the hybrid RANS-LES formulations offer the best compromise between accuracy and computational cost. The use of the Delayed eXtra-LES hybrid model is here explored with simplified geometries of all the configurations of vehicles, e.g., the Ahmed body with <span><math><mrow><mn>25</mn><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mn>35</mn><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span> as rear slant angle and the SAE notchback reference model. The results are compared with steady and unsteady RANS simulations, suggesting that only DX-LES, even with a higher computational time, can describe correctly all the main flow phenomena occurring around vehicles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 105881"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142158458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study of vortex-induced vibration of stay cables installed with two types of perforated shroud light devices","authors":"Miao An ,&nbsp;Shouying Li ,&nbsp;Vladislav Sorokin ,&nbsp;Zhengqing Chen ,&nbsp;Richard G.J. Flay","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105882","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To address both illumination issues and the common vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of bridge cables, a perforated shroud light device is proposed. The effect of the different porosities (20%, 35%, 42%, and 55%) on VIV of the rigid segmented shroud cable models is studied first by wind tunnel tests. It reveals that shrouds with porosities of 20% and 35% could reduce the VIV amplitude of the smooth cables by 26% and 46%, respectively. However, shrouds with porosities of 42% and 55% tend to increase the complexity and risk associated with VIV. Vibration measurements on flexible should cable with 20% porosity were conducted for both vertical and inclined models with an inclination of 35° and yaw angles of 0°, 30° and 60°. Shrouds with a porosity of 20% exhibit similar effects on vertical flexible cables as on horizontal rigid cables, in both cases mitigating VIV. The impact on the inclined flexible cables depends on the yaw angle. At the yaw angle of 0°, the shroud effectively mitigates VIV in flexible cables. However, at yaw angles of 30° and 60°, the same porosity level shroud exacerbates the risk of VIV in the inclined flexible cable. This may be due to the enhanced wind velocity along the cable axial direction and decreased penetrating flow rate through the shroud as the wind yaw angle increases. Overall, it was found that a shroud with a porosity of 20%–35% performed the best and was recommended for applications on cables with no inclination and inclined cable at yaw angle <em>β</em> = 0°.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 105882"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142150417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probabilistic structure analysis of fluctuating wind speed based on field measurement of super typhoon Doksuri","authors":"Jie Li ,&nbsp;Xin Yang ,&nbsp;Ying Lei ,&nbsp;Tong Chang ,&nbsp;Jianguo Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongbo Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105878","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Based on field measurement of super typhoon Doksuri from an observation array positioned within typhoon landing zones in China, the probabilistic structure of fluctuating wind speed under extreme wind conditions is investigated. To this end, the newly proposed stochastic Fourier amplitude spectrum model is employed. For validation purposes, a comparative study against classical power spectral density (PSD) models is carried out. Moreover, the relevance between elemental random variables of the model and wind conditions is addressed using a statistical ensemble-based method. Utilizing the wind speed data recorded during the typhoon landfall process and synoptic wind seasons, it is revealed that the stochastic Fourier amplitude spectrum can effectively capture the probabilistic structure of fluctuating wind speed in typhoon environments; however, classical PSD models fail to depict the transition of energy spectrum accurately and thus tend to overestimate the energy in the low frequency range (≤0.3 Hz). This study demonstrates the applicability of the stochastic Fourier amplitude spectrum model under extreme wind conditions, facilitating a comprehensive understanding of the fluctuating wind speed with probabilistic information beyond low-order moments; in addition, the model exhibits a significant potential to the stochastic response analysis and reliability assessment for wind-sensitive structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 105878"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142150418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-issuing jet control for suppression of vortex-induced vibrations of a single box girder at low Sc","authors":"Wenhan Yang ,&nbsp;Donglai Gao ,&nbsp;Wenli Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105883","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105883","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, an experimental investigation was conducted to investigate the control effect of self-issuing jets — positioned on the lower inclined panels of a bridge deck — on suppression of vertical vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs). Two cases were considered, i.e., decks with and without auxiliary attachments (handrails and maintenance rails), corresponding to the serviceability and construction period, respectively. The vertical oscillating response, surface pressures, and aerodynamic forces are considered to reveal the control mechanism of self-issuing jets on the flow field around the section model. The results demonstrate that the self-issuing jet method effectively suppresses the VIV of the streamlined deck under an angle range of attack of -5 – 5° by reducing the fluctuating surface pressure and vortex-excited lift. For the bridge deck with attachments, no VIV is observed under the effect of self-issuing jets, indicating that this method can also fully suppress the VIV excited by the motion-induced vortex.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 105883"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142150416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of background turbulence on the wakes of horizontal-axis and vertical-axis wind turbines","authors":"W. van der Deijl ,&nbsp;F. Schmitt ,&nbsp;C. Sicot ,&nbsp;S. Barre ,&nbsp;M. Hölling ,&nbsp;M. Obligado","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We report a wind tunnel study on the wake generated by a horizontal-axis (HAWT) and a vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT). Two scaled models, one of each type, have been tested in a wind tunnel, under low blockage and at Reynolds numbers, based on the rotor diameter <span><math><mi>D</mi></math></span>, of <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><msub><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>265</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> for the HAWT and <span><math><mrow><mn>330</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> for the VAWT. The models scale with respect to the largest commercially deployed turbines is of 1/383 and 1/65.5, for the HAWT and the VAWT, respectively. Furthermore, two different inflows were tested: low and moderate turbulence conditions. For each type of turbine and inflow, different values of tip-speed ratio and <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><msub><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> were tested.</p><p>Hot-wire anemometry was used to characterize the wake at different streamwise positions, exploring the range <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>D</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>30</mn></mrow></math></span> for the HAWT and <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>D</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>15</mn></mrow></math></span> for the VAWT.</p><p>We find that, under a low-turbulence inflow, both turbines generate significantly different wakes, characterized by the velocity deficit, wake width and the profiles of average and rms streamwise velocities. More specifically, in low-turbulence conditions, the VAWT presents faster recovery than the HAWT. Remarkably, we observe that a moderately turbulent inflow results in similar wake shapes for both turbines, presenting similar recovery and structure under all studied conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 105877"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142122006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproducing vortex-induced vibrations of rooftop twin-mast by multi-scale coupled simulation of urban wind fields","authors":"Mingfeng Huang ,&nbsp;Sunce Liao ,&nbsp;Xianzhe Li ,&nbsp;Lin Zhao ,&nbsp;Wenjuan Lou","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Shenzhen Electronics Group (SEG) Plaza in Shenzhen, China, experienced visible vibrations attributed to significant vortex-induced vibrations of the large spacing twin-mast atop the building. The vibration event occurred under complex urban wind environments. In order to reproduce wind fields around SEG Plaza, a multiscale simulation was carried out by integrating the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models. The aerodynamic characteristics and wake modes of twin-mast are investigated by a downscale CFD simulation in detail. Finally, vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of twin-mast was analyzed considering fluid-structure interaction. This work reveals that wind conditions during the SEG Plaza vibration incident were appropriate for the VIV occurrence of twin-mast, and the results of VIV simulation agree well with the field monitoring results by computer vision identification. This study effectively reproduces the full pictures of VIVs of the rooftop twin-mast during this rare event, offering a critical view for the analysis of this event.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 105880"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142117351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field measurements of wind load effects in a photovoltaic single-axis tracker mounting rail","authors":"Johannes Hendrik Koekemoer ,&nbsp;Johann Richard Bredell ,&nbsp;Gerhard Venter ,&nbsp;Josh Reinecke","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The demand for solar photovoltaic power installations has resulted in a highly competitive industry. Equipment suppliers are under pressure to reduce design margins for projects to be feasible. Single-axis trackers are widely used to increase yield and reduce the levelised cost of energy compared to fixed-tilt installations. Load coefficients on tracker arrays are usually quantified using model-scale studies conducted in atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnels. These dynamically sensitive structures have been known to suffer wind damage despite the use of modern design methods. Ongoing research into the support structure design is deemed important to ensure long-term reliability. The current study presents full-scale field data acquired over 109 days on an experimental one-in-portrait single-axis tracker facility located in the Western Cape, South Africa. The purpose of these measurements was to quantify wind load effects in two instrumented PV module mounting rails. Frequency domain data showed modal participation of both the torsional and bending modes of the torque tube. The effect of the bending mode was more pronounced for the rail furthest from a pile. Load coefficients calculated using experimental data were generally lower than those presented in ASCE 7-22. Fluctuating stresses at critical locations led to negligible fatigue damage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 105876"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167610524002393/pdfft?md5=9d13313ccc3580cb6414bc0c479e3b1f&pid=1-s2.0-S0167610524002393-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142098622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graph neural network incorporating time-varying frequency domain features with application in spatial wind speed field prediction","authors":"Chuanjin Yu ,&nbsp;Yongle Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Precise forecasting of wind speed is vital to guarantee safe travel on bridges. Nevertheless, current research primarily concentrates on single-point prediction. When it comes to forecasting spatial wind fields, graph neural networks prove to be powerful methods, but many of them have yet to take into account the impact of frequency domain attributes. To address this, a novel model called the graph neural network with time-varying frequency features (GTF) is proposed. Its core layer employs wavelet transforms in matrix form to extract various frequency sub-series, followed by the use of adaptive adjacency matrices to identify their spatial characteristics. Furthermore, aggregating all frequency band information and exploring spatial features further through multi-kernel convolutions. The predictive performance of different models for wind speed forecasting is assessed by utilizing spatial wind field data collected on a large-span bridge. Experimental results demonstrate that spatiotemporal model GTF outperforms the other models in terms of predictive accuracy. The quantity of wind observation points and their level of correlation exert a certain impact on the GTF model, while hyperparameters such as stacking depth and wavelet decomposition parameters have minimal effects. Finally, recommended parameters for the GTF model are provided.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 105875"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142087880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}