Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics最新文献

{"title":"Wind tunnel measurements of cross-ventilation flow in a realistic building geometry: Influence of building partitions and wind direction","authors":"Mutmainnah Sudirman ,&nbsp;Stefanie Gillmeier ,&nbsp;Twan van Hooff ,&nbsp;Bert Blocken","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wind tunnel measurements have widely been used for validation of computational fluid dynamics simulations of natural ventilation airflows. However, the majority of such measurements employed simple generic single-zone buildings, while there is a lack of studies on realistic buildings including flow-critical geometrical features (e.g. internal partitions). To assess the effect of internal partitions at different incident flow angles (α = 0° and α = 30°), wind tunnel measurements of velocities in and around a cross-ventilated realistic residential building (with and without internal partition) were performed. Measurements were conducted at a geometric scale 1:40, using laser Doppler anemometry. Results indicate a large impact of the internal partition on indoor airflow distribution and resulting ventilation flow rates. For instance, for α = 0°, on the partitioned building side, regions of velocity increase (from ∼0 m/s to ∼80% of the outdoor reference velocity, U_ref), but also regions of velocity decrease (from ∼50% of U_ref to ∼0 m/s) were observed. The ventilation flow rate through the windows at the partitioned side decreased by 23% and 32%, respectively. For the partitioned building, a change from α = 0° to α = 30° resulted in regions of velocity increase from 0 m/s to ∼60% of U_ref.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 105907"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study on flow field of high-speed train passing through a new type of station","authors":"Minzhang Liu ,&nbsp;Ni Gao ,&nbsp;Zhiyu Song ,&nbsp;Bin Yang ,&nbsp;Xin Zhu ,&nbsp;Jingwen Wu ,&nbsp;Kaisen Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the growing demand for efficient travel, tunnels are being lengthened and train speeds are being increased. High-speed subway brings new challenges to the flow environment of tunnel. Additionally, the emergence of express trains passing through stations without stopping has an enormous impact on the tunnel's and the station's flow field. This study focuses on a new type of station (NS) with overtaking and avoidance lines, allowing slow trains to stop for passengers to get on and off, while express trains pass through without stopping. The study analyzes pressure variation and wind speed when express trains pass through the NS without stopping. Different train speeds are taken into account. Based on this, the enhancement of station ventilation by utilizing the piston winds generated by express trains passing through NS is investigated. The air exchange effect and energy savings of the NS are explored. The results indicate that enhancing station air exchanges by fully utilizing piston wind saves about 190.68 kWh/day in mechanical ventilation energy consumption. This study contributes to the improvement of subway station construction and the advancement of subway train development. It can offer data assistance and theoretical direction for high-speed train operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 105908"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear unsteady aerodynamic forces prediction and aeroelastic analysis of wind-induced bridge response at multiple wind speeds: A deep learning-based reduced-order model","authors":"Li-ming Zhao ,&nbsp;Wen-ming Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhi-wei Wang ,&nbsp;Yao-jun Ge ,&nbsp;Nan Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Machine learning-based aerodynamic reduced-order models (ROMs) combine high accuracy with extremely low computational costs, making them highly effective in predicting nonlinear and unsteady bridge aerodynamic forces. Although several machine learning-based nonlinear aerodynamic models have been developed, the majority are built on a single wind speed parameter. However, in nonlinear aerodynamic prediction and aeroelastic analysis of bridges, the variability in incoming wind speed significantly influences the computed results. A ROM relying solely on a single wind speed lacks the ability to accurately forecast the intricate dynamic behaviors arising from changes in wind speed. When the incoming wind speed changes, the model's prediction accuracy significantly decreases. Usually, it is necessary to establish a new database and train a new model, which not only increases time and cost but also greatly reduces the convenience of the ROM. Addressing this challenge, this study proposes a multiple-wind-speed (MWS) nonlinear unsteady bridge aerodynamic model based on the LSTM deep neural network. Taking the Taohuayu Yellow River Bridge in the Henan Province of China as an example, the modeling process of the proposed MWS-ROM is demonstrated, along with non-linear aerodynamic predictions of the deck under various conditions and aerodynamic-elastic analysis of the deck under different wind speeds. The research results show that the trained LSTM network can accurately predict the nonlinear aerodynamic forces of bridges under single and double degrees of freedom vibration conditions. The MWS-ROM performed well in predicting convergent vibrations at low wind speeds and limits cycle oscillations at high wind speeds, aligning closely with results from the CFD full-order model. Compared to CFD, the aerodynamic ROM based on the LSTM network significantly enhances computational efficiency, consequently boosting the convenience and efficiency of bridge flutter analysis. Additionally, the methodology proposed herein can be extended for wind-induced vibration control and response prediction in other types of deck sections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 105905"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of building modifications on the turbulent flow and heat transfer in urban surface boundary layers","authors":"Seika Tanji ,&nbsp;Tetsuya Takemi ,&nbsp;Guangdong Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines turbulent airflow and upward heat transport in real urban environments using a building-resolving large-eddy simulation model to understand the characteristics of turbulent airflow and upward heat transport when geometrical distributions of buildings are modified. The target areas were two real urban districts within Osaka City, Japan, having different morphological features. In the numerical experiments, the initial condition was set to a neutral condition in which temperature is uniformly distributed vertically, and buildings emitted heat at a constant rate. The results in the two districts indicated that the features of turbulence and heat transport distinctly differed with different building arrangement. Specifically, taller buildings significantly decelerated airflows and induced warming behind buildings. More high-rise buildings (which resulted in a larger building variability) in a district with a larger building density caused a large heat flux and warming at higher levels. The sensitivity experiments in which a density and height variability of buildings were modified showed that a building density at higher levels and a building height variability significantly influenced warming at upper levels. An increased building height variability weakened wind speed and disturbed horizontal heat advection, whereas a large building density caused numerous heat sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 105906"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigations on the influence of bridge deck gratings on the aerodynamic stability of the long-span suspension footbridge with a streamlined double-side box girder","authors":"Yu Li,&nbsp;Pu Feng,&nbsp;Jia-Xin Xiao,&nbsp;Ming Chen,&nbsp;Jia-Wu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the complex wind environment of canyon regions, different kinds of bridge deck gratings (BDGs) are often used as novel aerodynamic countermeasures to improve the wind-resistance performance of long-span suspension footbridges. However, how to design reasonable BDGs to effectively improve the aerodynamic stability of long-span suspension footbridges is still an urgent problem to be solved, and there is no literature reporting on it. Therefore, in this study, according to a long-span suspension footbridge with a streamlined double-side box girder (SDSBG) and BDGs, the section models with different percentages of opening (<em>β</em>) and layouts of BDGs were made, and then the force- and vibration-measured tests were performed to study the influence of the layouts and <em>β</em> of BDGs on the aerostatic and flutter stability. Furthermore, the influence mechanism of BDGs on the flutter stability was investigated, and the optimal <em>β</em> and layouts of BDGs were also proposed. So, it is found that: when 0% ≤ <em>β</em> ≤ 22% (especially <em>β</em> = 11%), BDGs are unfavorable to the aerodynamic stability; when <em>β</em> ≥ 44%, the aerodynamic stability can be significantly improved by using BDGs; moreover, the layouts of Cases O (<em>β</em> reaches the maximum) and S (two strips of BDGs installed along the longitudinal direction) are more beneficial to the aerodynamic stability. Therefore, the optimal <em>β</em> and layouts of BDGs beneficial to the aerodynamic stability are <em>β</em> ≥ 44% and the layouts of Cases O and S, respectively, and the studies in this manuscript can provide a meaningful reference for the wind resistance design of long-span suspension footbridges in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 105904"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Buffeting performance of long-span bridges with different span affected by parametric typhoon wind","authors":"Lin Zhao ,&nbsp;Zilong Wang ,&nbsp;Weile Chen ,&nbsp;Wei Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, typhoon-related performance of long span bridges usually focus on a specific wind record such as wind speed and turbulence intensity during a full typhoon, however, the inter-correlation among wind characteristic parameters under typhoon wind climate is ignored. The existing investigation about structural responses during typhoon attacks are still limited at case-study analysis, and hardly provide a generalized framework to evaluate the structural performance especially for typhoon landing whole process. This study utilizes the measured wind speeds of the strong typhoon \"Hagupit\" to establish a unified typhoon parametric model, during which the correlation of typhoon wind parameters including angle of attack (AoA), turbulence intensity, integral length scale and mean wind speed were taken into consideration. The measured typhoon process charactered with center-through effect with M-type average wind speed curve. Furthermore, the structural performance of long-span bridges with different spans from 1500 m to 2500 m main span was systematically studied. The aerodynamic parameters of the bridge deck section, including the aerostatic coefficients, flutter derivatives at different AoAs, and aerodynamic admittance under different oncoming flow conditions were identified through wind tunnel tests. Finally, the wind-induced buffeting performance was calculated by the buffeting frequency domain algorithm, showing various structural wind effect characteristics during the typhoon landing whole process. The maximal buffeting response is not necessarily related with the wind speed, and other wind characteristics especially turbulence intensity and AoA, etc. also affect on the results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 105903"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study on the crosswind stability of the railway vehicle considering distinct national standards","authors":"Dongqin Zhang ,&nbsp;Takeshi Ishihara","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The crosswind stability of railway vehicles, considering distinct national standards in both quasi-steady and unsteady wind conditions, like Chinese hat gust wind (EN 14067-6, 2010), is systematically evaluated. Initially, it is observed that the quasi-static analysis (QSA) proposed in Japan marginally underestimates the wheel unloading ratio of railway vehicles by approximately 3 %, as the external forces increase beyond a certain threshold in quasi-steady winds due to the neglect of the vertical degree of freedom and the inability to accurately evaluate the activation of vertical bump stops. Subsequently, to accurately assess the crosswind responses of railway vehicles under realistic conditions, a non-linear lateral acceleration model is proposed to account for the effects of track irregularities, validated against field test data. Finally, it is noted that the Chinese standard is more conservative, with characteristic wind speeds (CWC) approximately 2 m/s lower than those calculated by the European standard, while the Japanese guideline is more stringent at high train velocities but more lenient at low velocities. The CWC evaluated under gust wind conditions is around 2.4 m/s higher than those obtained under quasi-steady winds, due to the maximum gust wind speed is low-pass filtered by the centered moving average method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 105901"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142323924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of branched tube on pressure waves in the hyperloop system: An experimental study","authors":"Yongcheol Seo ,&nbsp;Minki Cho ,&nbsp;Jaiyoung Ryu ,&nbsp;Changyoung Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we experimentally investigated the aerodynamic characteristics of the Hyperloop with branch tube, an important applicational situation. Experiments were performed considering two velocities (258.6 and 295.8 m/s) and five branched angles (<em>θ</em> = 30°–150°) using 8.75 cm of scaled pod model (blockage ratio = 0.34). The leading shock waves LSW₁ and LSW₂ generated in front of the pod model were measured, and their intensity was analyzed before, on, and after the branching. The intensity of LSW₁ and LSW₂ at the straight tube before branching was the same as that without branching. LSW₁ and LSW₂ were divided by branching and propagated to the branched tube, where their intensity decreased to branched shock waves BSW₁ and BSW₂, respectively. The degree of decrease in BSW₁ was linear as <em>θ</em> increased, whereas BSW₂ decreased as <em>θ</em> and speed of the pod model increased when <em>θ</em> ≤ 90° and was nearly constant at 0.80 when <em>θ</em> ≥ 120°. The pressure characteristics near the branching were non-axisymmetric and became axisymmetric as it moved forward through the branching when <span><math><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>l</mi><mi>t</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> ≥ 0.66. When LSW₁ and LSW₂ passed through the branching and were propagated as transmitted shock waves TSW₁ and TSW₂ after branching, their intensity decreased to approximately 86% and 91%, respectively, and was not significantly affected by the pod speed and <em>θ</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 105902"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142323925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical simulation of downburst winds for civil structures: A review","authors":"Shaopeng Li ,&nbsp;Ryan A. Catarelli ,&nbsp;Brian M. Phillips ,&nbsp;Jennifer A. Bridge ,&nbsp;Kurtis R. Gurley","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Complementary to field measurement and computational simulation, experimental generation of downburst winds in laboratories is an effective approach to enhance the understanding of the wind characteristics and the induced loads on civil structures. This study reviews the literature in physical simulation of downburst winds, while capturing historic background, highlighting recent advances, and illuminating future trends. A total of 23 testing facilities, classified into three categories of standalone simulators (12 facilities), modified boundary layer wind tunnels (five facilities), and multi-fan wind tunnels (six facilities), are discussed with their key features and representative studies. This paper serves as a valuable reference for future research in physical simulation of downburst winds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 105900"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142314604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance characterization of a wireless sensors network system (WSNS) for measurements of hurricane wind effects on structures","authors":"J. Zhang ,&nbsp;C.S. Subramanian ,&nbsp;J.-P. Pinelli ,&nbsp;S. Lazarus ,&nbsp;H. Besing ,&nbsp;D. Robles Cortes","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a new wireless sensors network system (WSNS) designed for high-resolution absolute pressure measurements, wind speed, and direction. The system is tailored to assess the impact of hurricane winds on residential structures, both in laboratory settings and field environments. Importantly WSNS stands out for its unique ability to provide waterproof, surface-mounted external pressure measurements. The system's performance is evaluated during deployment on a full-scale house model at the Wall of Wind facility. The WSNS sensors were installed on different surfaces of a single-story residential building model. The sensor locations mirrored the locations of surface pressure taps connected to a Scanivalve differential pressure measurement system. Due to the size and shape of the WSNS pressure module, a casing effect was observed, which may result in pressure offsets under certain wind speeds and directions, depending on the sensor's location and the conditions, including dry and light rain (50 mm per hour). The comparison between WSNS and Scanivalve indicates that the sensor's casing geometry does not cause significant differences in the time-averaged measurements for low-turbulence regions. Conversely, this is not true for high-turbulence regions, which should be marked for future deployments using smaller surface-mounted pressure taps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 105895"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}