Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics最新文献

{"title":"A simple method for predicting the distribution and magnitude of the pressure peaks in the tunnel induced by the passing train","authors":"Xiaoyu Ji ,&nbsp;Xuhui He ,&nbsp;Haiquan Jing","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When a high-speed train passes through a tunnel, significant transient pressure is generated in the tunnel, which has an adverse effect on both the tunnel and train structures. In this study, a simple method was proposed to predict the pressure peaks in a tunnel. This method is based on the train wave signature (TWS) method, which has been proposed by previous scholars. The theoretical formulas were established to calculate the location and magnitude of both positive and negative peaks in a tunnel during train passage and after the train tail has exited. This simple method significantly reduces computational resources while maintaining prediction accuracy. Additionally, theoretical formulas were established to determine the most unfavorable tunnel length based on the pressure peaks along the tunnel wall. The accuracy of all the theoretical results was validated through three-dimensional numerical simulations and previous similar studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 106244"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerostatic stability analysis of a suspension bridge based on the stiffness matrix singularity criterion","authors":"Dian-yi Guo,&nbsp;Wen-ming Zhang,&nbsp;Li-ming Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The risk of aerostatic instability of long-span bridges grows with their span length increase. The judgment criteria for the critical state of aerostatic stability vary across the studies, implying large errors and difficulty in revealing the instability mechanism. Addressing the above issue, this study proposes a new judgment criterion, implying that the structure's stiffness matrix should be singular, while the product of the eigenvector of zero eigenvalues and the load vector should not be zero. The proposed criterion is expected to locate the limit points of structural instability and shed more light on its essence, including the critical wind velocity and aerostatic stability mechanism. To this end, the detailed calculation process of the proposed method is presented. Its effectiveness and accuracy are verified by a case study of the Ma'anshan Yangtze River Bridge in China, featuring a suspension bridge with three towers. For the initial wind angles of attack at 0° and +3°, the overall stiffness matrix of the bridge was singular at the last loading step. The limit points of instability of the bridge were inferred based on the above criterion. The critical wind velocities for aerostatic stability were 122.7 and 120 m/s, respectively. However, the stiffness matrix was not singular at the −3°initial angle of attack.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 106238"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On performance-based wind design of tall buildings","authors":"Ahmad Rahimian ,&nbsp;Konstantin Udilovich ,&nbsp;Ilya Shleykov ,&nbsp;Derek Kelly ,&nbsp;Jason Garber","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106248","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 106248"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of features influencing glass façade damage in mid- to high-rise buildings during extreme wind events","authors":"Huy Pham,&nbsp;Axel Soto,&nbsp;Monica Arul","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While the importance of glass façade performance under extreme wind events has gained attention, further research is needed for a comprehensive understanding. Decades of recurring glass façade damage in mid- to high-rise buildings in Houston’s Central Business District further underscore this need. This paper focuses on identifying features that influence glass façade damage in such buildings during extreme wind events. Initially, a synthesis of historical glazing damage in the United States from 1980 to 2024 is conducted, focusing on cases with accessible information. These records are supplemented with literature and the authors’ opinions to develop three feature categories: architectural, structural, and environmental. They encompass design- and location-related features that may contribute to glass façade damage during windstorms. Their applicability is demonstrated through two case studies involving different windstorm types: the Houston Derecho (2024) and Hurricane Laura (2020). Post-event building damage imagery is used to evaluate the proposed features. Results show that architectural and structural features are useful for characterizing glass façade systems, inferring missing information, and identifying potential vulnerabilities in building shape and footprint. Environmental features help explain how the spatial arrangement of surrounding buildings may amplify wind loads in dense urban areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 106232"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Super-resolution reconstruction of simulated stochastic wind fields using ensemble conditional diffusion model","authors":"Zidong Xu,&nbsp;Hao Wang,&nbsp;Kaiyong Zhao,&nbsp;Rui Zhou,&nbsp;Yuxuan Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conducting wind field super-resolution (SR) reconstruction using limited dataset is crucial for analyzing wind effects on wind energy equipment and optimizing wind energy utilization. Currently, most SR reconstruction methods are primarily applied to wind data (e.g., field measurement, CFD simulation) that contain complete turbulent physical structures, which facilitate the smooth execution of reconstruction. However, in engineering practice, multivariate stochastic processes are commonly simulated and regarded as the stochastic wind fields, which lack of fundamental fluid dynamic laws, making reconstruction more challenging. To this end, the ensemble conditional Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model (DDPM) is firstly proposed. Unlike classic DDPM, which directly use the low-resolution image as the conditional input, the ensemble model generates the input condition through the combination of the user-defined CNN and the transformer module. The effectiveness and accuracy of the ensemble model are validated through numerical experiment. The reconstruction results obtained by classic DDPM are also investigated for comparison purpose. Results show that compared to the classic DDPM, the reconstruction results based on the ensemble model demonstrate better alignment with target values in terms of wind speed time histories, turbulent spectral characteristics, similarity metrics, and wind power density.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 106249"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing wind tunnel fans for large-scale turbulence generation","authors":"Marcello Catania ,&nbsp;Svenja Goedeke ,&nbsp;Lars Neuhaus ,&nbsp;Michael Hölling ,&nbsp;Alberto Zasso","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wind tunnel testing requires the accurate replication of natural flow characteristics. In wind engineering and wind energy research the generation of realistic wind conditions is needed to capture the system dynamics. In particular, large vorticose structures can induce correlated forces on bridges and high-rise buildings, potentially leading to dangerous instabilities. Traditional passive turbulence generation methods, such as grids and spire elements, are limited in turbulence scales and intensity. Active techniques like moving grids, while more effective, struggle to generate low-frequency components and often come with high installation costs. A promising, cost-effective alternative is the active control of the facility’s fans, which can inject energy into the low-frequency range of the turbulence spectrum, allowing the study of transient phenomena, reproducing non-synoptic winds and other flows with custom characteristics. This study presents a straightforward methodology for characterizing wind tunnel fans as turbulence generators, offering insights into their potential and limitations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 106219"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical flutter wind velocity of flexible photovoltaic support structure with large tilt angle based on sectional forced and free vibration wind tunnel tests","authors":"Yifan Gao ,&nbsp;Shouying Li ,&nbsp;Jie Ma ,&nbsp;Zhengqing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flexible photovoltaic (PV) support structures, which have a plate-like cross-section similar to that of bridge decks, have been gradually built due to their economic benefits and excellent adaptability to complex terrains. However, these structures are sensitive to wind loadings, and flutter vibrations of flexible PV support structures have been observed under strong winds. Based on the theory of flutter derivatives successfully used in the field of bridge engineering, the critical flutter wind velocities of the flexible PV support structures were carefully investigated under various module tilt angles through wind tunnel tests. First, forced vibration tests were conducted on a PV module sectional model with a width-to-thickness ratio of 42 at various module tilt angles and incoming wind velocities. The flutter derivatives were identified and compared under the module tilt angles ranging from −30° to 30°. The results show that the tilt angles have significant effects on the flutter derivatives even under a large tilt angle. The eight flutter derivatives exhibit essential changes within the range of tilt angles from 15° to 21°. By using the identified flutter derivatives, critical flutter wind velocities of the flexible PV support structure were theoretically predicted. Second, a series of free vibration tests were conducted on the PV module model at various tilt angles to measure the exact critical flutter wind velocities of the flexible PV support structure. The experimental results indicate that the critical flutter wind velocities initially decrease and then increase as the tilt angle increases. Finally, the critical flutter wind velocities and frequencies obtained from forced and free vibration tests were compared, and they agree well with each other. This indicates that the flutter derivatives theory used in the field of bridge decks can be adopted to predict the critical flutter wind velocities of the flexible PV support structures, which have tilt angles within 30°.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 106255"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wind-blown sand behavior over a barchan dune and its implications for dune migration using computational fluid dynamics (CFD)","authors":"Qi Zong ,&nbsp;Xiaoxu Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Barchan dunes evolve in aeolian environments through intricate interactions among airflow dynamics, particle transport, and surface topography. We conducted full-scale three-dimensional (3-D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, coupling a discrete phase model with a splash scheme, to analyze wind-blown sand flow over a realistically shaped barchan dune. Our simulations, validated against field measurements, assessed how wind velocity and particle size affect sand transport and dune migration. The findings reveal four primary sand transport characteristics. First, sand transport rate along the centerline is amplified on the stoss slope, reversed on the lee slope due to flow separation, and further enhanced by intermittent turbulence. Second, vortex shedding from a stoss slope protrusion induces downstream intermittent sand transport, explaining previously unquantified sand transport. Third, although sand transport rate ratio (the centerline to undisturbed upstream) remains unchanged across wind velocities, finer particles exhibit higher particle counts at the crest and downstream because of their greater susceptibility to entrainment. Finally, an asymmetric migration pattern is identified, as localized topographic effects and turbulent structures enhance sand transport from the right horn. These findings advance the understanding of airflow‒sediment interactions over barchan dunes and provide new insights into sand transport mechanisms and dune migration dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 106243"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of atmospheric stability as a predictive index for air pollutant dispersion in urban areas","authors":"Takumi Tachibana ,&nbsp;Ryuichiro Yoshie ,&nbsp;Yingli Xuan","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to establish a new environmental assessment method for air pollution based on atmospheric stability evaluations under real urban conditions. Wind speed from Doppler lidar, temperature data from the Tokyo Tower, and ground surface temperatures estimated from Weather Research and Forecasting simulations were used to calculate the gradient (<em>R</em>_<em>g</em>) and bulk (<em>R</em>_<em>b</em>) Richardson numbers as quantitative indicators of atmospheric stability. The study investigates the range, frequency of occurrence, and seasonal/hourly variations of <em>R</em>_<em>g</em> and <em>R</em>_<em>b</em> and the correlations between the two indices. When the evaluation height for <em>R</em>_<em>g</em> was set to approximately 100m, the seasonal and diurnal trends of <em>R</em>_<em>g</em> and <em>R</em>_<em>b</em> were generally consistent. However, <em>R</em>_<em>g</em> exhibited significantly greater variability than <em>R</em>_<em>b</em>, likely because <em>R</em>_<em>g</em> is inversely proportional to the square of the wind speed gradient. <em>R</em>_<em>b</em> was also compared with the Pasquill classification to assess their correlation and seasonal/hourly variations. While <em>R</em>_<em>b</em> and the Pasquill classification were broadly consistent, <em>R</em>_<em>b</em> provided a more detailed and quantitatively continuous representation of atmospheric stability. In contrast, the Pasquill classification significantly overestimated the frequency of neutral conditions “ClassD”, particularly under overcast skies or during transition periods, and often misclassified both weakly and strongly stable/unstable states as neutral. Furthermore, given the critical role of the vertical wind speed profile in pollutant dispersion within urban areas, wind speed profiles were analyzed based on both <em>R</em>_<em>b</em> and the Pasquill classification. Both classifications showed that as atmospheric stability decreased, the power-law exponent of the vertical profile of mean wind speed decreased, while turbulence intensity increased.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 106221"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between unsteady wind forces and fluctuating wind pressure fields around a prism","authors":"Tomoyuki Murakami ,&nbsp;Tetsuro Taniguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wind forces acting on vibrating buildings, or unsteady wind forces, are influenced by transformations in the wind pressure fields around the structures caused by their vibrations. Although significant research effort has been invested in analyzing unsteady wind forces, the literature is deficient in a satisfactory explanation of their relationship with the fluctuating wind pressure fields around a building. This study employs complex proper orthogonal decomposition analysis to examine the fluctuating wind pressure fields around rigid and elastic models under smooth and gradient flow conditions. This paper presents a method to represent fluctuating wind pressure fields formed by the first and second modes using a symmetric and anti-symmetric modes. Using this approach, the study investigates the relationship between the anti-symmetric fluctuating wind pressure field—characterized by the product of the anti-symmetric mode and its corresponding principal coordinate—and the across-wind forces and associated response displacements. Under smooth flow conditions at resonance, the anti-symmetric fluctuating wind pressure fields of the elastic model, influenced by the formation of Kármán vortices, differ significantly from those of the rigid model. Specifically, pressure fluctuations intensify across a wide area on the model's sides, and the wind force aligns more closely in phase with the response displacement at resonance, amplifying the vibration of the elastic model. Under gradient flow conditions, the across-wind force decreases approximately half a cycle after the local maximum of the across-wind vibration of the elastic model. This indicates that the vibration of the elastic model can suppress the wind force.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 106257"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}