Xue Liu , Jian Liu , Peng Cao , Yu Wang , Honglin Wang , Dong Wang
{"title":"Efficient prediction of unsteady piston winds in subway tunnels based on machine learning","authors":"Xue Liu , Jian Liu , Peng Cao , Yu Wang , Honglin Wang , Dong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In emergencies such as fires in subway tunnels, the rapid prediction of piston winds therein is needed to provide theoretical guidance for emergency decision-making and fire rescue. Previous research has neglected the efficiency of piston wind prediction. For this reason, to improve on traditional methods, this paper uses eight different machine learning algorithms, including support vector regression (SVR), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) et al., to construct a fast prediction model for unsteady piston winds in subway tunnels. A relatively optimal machine learning algorithm was determined through various evaluation methods, and feature importance analysis was carried out. The results show that it is feasible to utilize a machine-learning method for the fast prediction of unsteady piston winds in subway tunnels. The RF algorithm had a high prediction accuracy for unsteady piston winds, and the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE), and Coefficient of Determination (R<sup>2</sup>) of the prediction results were 0.04, 0.05, 1.15 %, and 0.995, respectively. The influence degree of each factor on the subway tunnel piston wind, in descending order, is as follows: time <em>t</em>>blockage ratio <em>β</em>>train running speed <em>u</em>>tunnel length <em>l</em><sub><em>tu</em></sub>>train length <em>l</em><sub><em>tr</em></sub>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 106111"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A calibrating method of roadway wind resistance based on air volume","authors":"Yue-Ping Qin , Peng Wang , Fei Tang , Ming-yan Guo , Feng-jie Zhang , Hao Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ventilation network analysis is the basis for decision-making and control of mine ventilation system (MVS). It is crucial that the wind resistance (WR) in each branch of the mine ventilation network has a sufficiently small margin of error. WR is typically measured using precision barometers via a simultaneous measurement approach, or it is derived from empirical formulas based on the roadway's parameters. In practice, on-site measurements are often time-consuming and labor-intensive, and empirical formulas frequently introduce significant errors. Such errors complicate the calculation of precise airflow information, thereby impeding the accurate control of air volume. Here, we propose a WR calibrating method for roadways based on air volume. This method establishes a quadratic programming (QP) optimization model to calculate the equivalent wind resistance (EWR), utilizing actual air volume measurements and the historical wind resistance (WR) data. Moreover, the inequality constraints and weight selection of the roadway are discussed and tested. Finally, on-site verification (Ma-cheng Iron Mine in November 2023) was carried on. We find that after our method of WR calibration, the results of the ventilation network calculation were significantly more in line with the actual air distribution in the mine's roadways compared to the results without calibration. Overall, our method obtains the globally reasonable EWR and provides a reliable guarantee for air volume monitoring and regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 106110"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yayang Huang , Shuyang Cao , Da Cao , Qingshan Yang
{"title":"In-line force modeling for a circular cylinder in oscillatory flow with non-zero mean velocity","authors":"Yayang Huang , Shuyang Cao , Da Cao , Qingshan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three-dimensional large eddy simulation (LES) of oscillatory flow with non-zero mean velocity around a circular cylinder is carried out at Reynolds number Re = 15000 to investigate the effects of amplitude ratio (AR) and Keulegan-Carpenter (KC) number on wake structure and fluid forces. The applicability of two-term and three-term Morison equations for modeling the time histories of in-line force is examined. The results show that both AR and KC strongly influence the vortex pattern. The drag coefficient (<em>C</em><sub><em>d</em></sub>) of Morison equations increases from a small value with KC first and then decreases and converges to the value of mean drag force in steady flow, with a peak presented when the value of AR/KC is around the Strouhal number (<em>St</em><sub>0</sub>) in steady flow because of resonance effect. This tendency is more significant at higher AR values. The three-term Morison equation exhibits better performance in modeling the in-line fluid force when AR/KC > <em>St</em><sub>0</sub>/3, i.e., the oscillation frequency is greater than three times the vortex shedding frequency in steady flow. In addition, the revised KC number is not appropriate for modeling the flow force in oscillatory flow with non-zero mean velocity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 106109"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An experimental study of aerodynamics on cable-supported photovoltaic panel arrays at different tilt angles","authors":"Jiawei Wan , Yunzhu Cai , Hai Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an experimental investigation of unsteady aerodynamic lift and overturning moment on cable-supported photovoltaic (PV) panel arrays. Unlike prior studies focusing on area-averaged and peak pressure coefficients, this work examines second-order statistics of aerodynamic forces by analyzing fluctuating pressures on scaled models of PV panel rows. Wind tunnel tests were conducted on panels at different tilt angles, with synchronized pressure measurements used to compute aerodynamic coefficients, spectra, correlations, and coherences for lift and overturning moment. Results demonstrate that spanwise correlations and coherences of these aerodynamics exceed those of incident turbulence for most cases. The two-wavenumber aerodynamic admittance model, defined as the product of a 2D aerodynamic admittance function (AAF) and a spanwise correction factor, was employed to characterize unsteady wind loads. For zero tilt angle, the 2D AAFs for lift and moment deviated from the Sears function, displaying a transitional region where values surpassed the Sears function. For tilted PV panels, distinct peaks in the AAFs at elevated wavenumbers were observed, linked to shear layer instabilities in the leading-edge separation zone. An empirical model for the 2D AAF was proposed, which incorporates a correction term to capture these peaks, highlighting their significance in buffeting response calculations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 106093"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yifan Wang , Lirong Wu , Xiaowen Sun , Jinhao Zhang
{"title":"Study on the law of dust isolation by three-dimensional adjustable rotating flow air curtain in fully mechanized mining face","authors":"Yifan Wang , Lirong Wu , Xiaowen Sun , Jinhao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to effectively isolate the dust generated during coal mining operations and reduce the dust diffusion to the working area, this paper designs an air curtain which can be adjusted in three directions and installed on the rocker arm of shearer. Through the numerical simulation the air curtain dust isolation law was studied, when the air curtain outlet wind velocity (V<sub>ac</sub>), the distance between the air curtain and the shearer drum front (D<sub>ad</sub>), the distance between the air curtain and the shearer body (D<sub>as</sub>), the airflow injection angle (<span><math><mrow><mi>θ</mi></mrow></math></span>), the inlet wind velocity of the roadway (V<sub>in</sub>) and other parameters changed, and the best parameters were chosen. According to the numerical simulation results, the dust isolation efficiency near the shearer's working area can reach 93 %, and the dust isolation efficiency in the downwind area of the shearer can reach 84 %. Based on the numerical simulation, a similar model is established and the experiment is carried out. The experimental results showed that the dust isolation effect of the similar model is similar to that of the numerical simulation. This study provides theoretical and practical value for effective isolation of dust.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 106096"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tingyuan Yan , Jingxi Qin , Mingjin Zhang , Fanying Jiang , Jinxiang Zhang , Yongle Li
{"title":"Field measurement analysis of wind profiles in mountainous terrain: Focusing on periodic thermally-developed winds","authors":"Tingyuan Yan , Jingxi Qin , Mingjin Zhang , Fanying Jiang , Jinxiang Zhang , Yongle Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Periodic thermally-developed wind, generated by local thermal gradients, is one of the most frequent wind phenomena in mountainous terrains. Studying its wind profile is crucial for characterizing local wind fields. This study utilizes wind radars and automatic weather stations to conduct long-term measurements of wind characteristics at different heights onsite of a long-span bridge located in a deep-cut canyon and employs the correlation between the recorded wind speed and temperature to identify periodic thermally-developed wind events. Based on the identification result, the wind profiles of the periodic thermally-developed wind events are analyzed for their temporal and spatial characteristics and are systematically categorized into four stages. By extracting and analyzing the high wind speed profiles recorded in the mountainous terrains, it is revealed that the recorded wind profile differs significantly from traditional wind profiles in plain and coastal terrains. As a result, a new normalization wind speed profile model suitable for mountainous terrain is proposed using a wind speed threshold sliding sampling method, and a combined wind parameters profile model is constructed combined with the Copula and Inverse First-Order Reliability Method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 106108"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of floating bridge motion and wind loads on bus users’ ride comfort and motion sickness","authors":"Dragan Sekulic , Alexey Vdovin , Bengt Jacobson , Simone Sebben , Stian Moe Johannesen","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bus users (drivers and passengers) are exposed to vibrations during a journey. Vibration exposure can cause motion sickness, impair ride comfort, and even impact health. Road roughness is the primary source of vehicle vibration. Combined with floating bridge motions, wind loads and high vehicle speeds, the negative vibrational effects can be intensified. This paper investigates the influence of Bjørnafjorden floating bridge motions and wind excitations on bus users' ride comfort and motion sickness for several weather storm conditions. A 13-degree-of-freedom (DOF) intercity bus model with a driver and three passengers was defined for this analysis. The results showed that wind excitations and storm conditions severity significantly affect vehicle velocities at which ISO 2631/1997 ride comfort limits (<em>a little uncomfortable</em> and <em>fairly uncomfortable</em>) are reached. The passenger in the middle of the bus feels the most comfortable whereas the passenger in the rear part of the bus the least comfortable. The highest value of motion sickness incidence for every user is achieved for the lowest bus speed of 36 km/h due to the longest time of vibrational exposure. Among users, the driver is the most likely to feel motion sickness on a floating bridge due to his suspended seat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 106101"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liujie Chen , Jinliang Lin , Jiyang Fu , Ching Tai Ng
{"title":"Structural dynamic equation informed LSTM to predict structural dynamic responses under wind load","authors":"Liujie Chen , Jinliang Lin , Jiyang Fu , Ching Tai Ng","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For models with a small time step and long simulation duration, the wind-induced structural response of the finite element model by the numerical estimation method is often computationally expensive. With the rapid development of machine learning technology, the Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) has become an effective method to estimate structural response. In this paper, pure data-driven LSTM (P-LSTM) and the structural dynamic equation informed LSTM (SDE-LSTM) are proposed to predict multidimensional dynamic response (displacement, velocity and acceleration) of a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system and multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) system. The predicted fittings of response of SDOF and MDOF are above 0.99. Combining multiple indicators including the coefficient of determination R<sup>2</sup>, the mean absolute error (MAE), and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), the predictive models can be evaluated comprehensively and is beneficial to the optimization of models parameters. With setting different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the robustness is still good. The results of this study show that the SDE-LSTM and P-LSTM have high prediction accuracy, good generalization ability and robustness for predicting SDOF and MDOF system under wind excitation. Additionally, compared with the P-LSTM, SDE-LSTM can improve prediction accuracy, generalization ability and robustness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 106099"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Field study on pressure fluctuations and comfort analysis when high-speed train passes through large-slope tunnels and tunnel groups","authors":"Quan Du , Yuangui Mei , Yao Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-speed trains passing through 25 ‰ sloped tunnels and tunnel groups experience complex and varying pressure environments within the tunnel. When these external pressure fluctuations are transmitted into the carriages, they alter the internal pressure environment and affect the passenger comfort. In this paper, field measurements have been used to study the influences of tunnel lengths, slopes and tunnel groups on the interior and exterior pressure variation of the train and pressure comfort. The key findings reveal that the atmospheric pressure in single-slope tunnels changes linearly with tunnel altitude at a rate of 10.21 Pa/m. External negative pressures in the uphill tunnels and external positive pressures in the downhill tunnels demonstrate a linear and positive relationship with tunnel lengths. Tunnel slopes and tunnel groups worsen the pressure comfort environments. Additionally, during actual operation on a 25 ‰ uphill railway line, delayed valve closure upon tunnel entry and premature valve opening within tunnels significantly degrade the pressure comfort environment inside the train, resulting in ear discomfort for passengers. Hence, optimizing the logic for opening and closing pressure protection valves based on line characteristics is essential. These findings can provide valuable references for optimizing operating environments and pressure comfort in high-altitude, large-slope and multiple-tunnels lines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 106100"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haicheng Zhang , Yang Yang , Yongfei Zhao , Mingshui Li
{"title":"Experimental investigation on self-excited vibration and wake interference effects of flexible photovoltaic systems","authors":"Haicheng Zhang , Yang Yang , Yongfei Zhao , Mingshui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The issues of wind-induced vibration (WIV) are major technical bottlenecks in the development of cable-supported photovoltaic (CSPV) systems. In the present study, series of aeroelastic model wind tunnel tests of CSPV systems were conducted to analyze the WIV characteristics and wake interference effects. The WIV of the CSPV system is accompanied by significant structural nonlinearity, which causes the increase in mean response and vibration amplitude to gradually slow down with increasing wind speed. And it leads to a linear increase in the dominant frequency of vibration in the CSPV system as wind speed increases. The wake interference effect of single row changes with the wind speed. And the wake interference effect under negative AOA has a more pronounced periodic excitation effect on the rear row compared with positive AOA. In the five-rows CSPV array, the wake interference effects are more significant under positive AOA. The wake formed by first two rows induces significant bending-torsional coupling vibrations in the third row. And the wake formed by first three rows induces significant vertical vibrations in the rear rows. The wake interference effects under negative AOA primarily causes torsional vibration of the two rows behind the windward row. However, the wake formed by the first three rows causes almost no vibration in the <strong>rear row.</strong> Based on the analysis results, a ground anchor cable was proposed as a wind-resistant measure for the CSPV system, and its effectiveness was verified through experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 106098"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}