Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics最新文献

{"title":"Griffin plots of vortex-induced vibrations: revealing self-similarity for estimation from transient displacement responses","authors":"Guangzhong Gao ,&nbsp;Suhan Li ,&nbsp;Jianming Hao ,&nbsp;Bo Fu ,&nbsp;Shucheng Yang ,&nbsp;Ledong Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2026.106376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2026.106376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Griffin plot relates the peak amplitudes of vortex-induced vibration to structural mass-damping parameter, known as the Scruton number. Griffin plot serves as a fundamental tool in many engineering fields. This study confirms a general self-similarity in Griffin plots, where plots derived from transient responses at any Scruton number converge to a single, consistent curve. This self-similarity arises from weak aeroelastic nonlinearity in vortex-induced vibration, manifesting as amplitude-dependent aerodynamic damping. Based on this self-similarity behavior, we propose a numerical method to estimate Griffin plots from transient displacement responses at any Scruton number. The resulting plots align closely with experimental data for both cross-flow and torsional vortex-induced vibrations, highlighting robust self-similar behavior across different Scruton numbers. Furthermore, for a rectangular cylinder, closed-box deck, and double-girder deck, we observe a consistent trend in the Griffin plots: the reciprocal of the peak VIV amplitudes exhibits an approximately linear dependence on the Scruton number, particularly for torsional oscillations. Motivated by this observation, we formulate a simple empirical model for the vortex-induced forces. Using aeroelastic parameters identified from only a single Scruton number, the model successfully reproduces the entire Griffin plot for a rectangular cylinder, thereby greatly reducing the need for extensive experimental data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 106376"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural network-based eddy viscosity prediction for bluff body vehicle wake flow at high Reynolds number","authors":"Songyuan Hu ,&nbsp;Xiaobi Wang ,&nbsp;Chuqi Su ,&nbsp;Yiping Wang ,&nbsp;Junyan Wang ,&nbsp;Shiqiang Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2026.106386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2026.106386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improvements in RANS model accuracy and computational efficiency can substantially impact automotive aerodynamic optimization. In this study, a deep neural network–based turbulence model is developed to predict the flow around bluff body vehicles. Using an Ahmed body dataset generated by the SST <span><math><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>ω</mi></mrow></math></span> model, a mapping between flow-field physical quantities and eddy viscosity is constructed. The input features are extended to capture three-dimensional flow characteristics, with a random forest algorithm employed for feature selection. Analysis reveals that the orthogonality between velocity and its gradient, previously less significant in two-dimensional flows, becomes critical for predicting three-dimensional Ahmed body turbulence. The proposed model fully replaces the conventional SST <span><math><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>ω</mi></mrow></math></span> model and is coupled with the CFD solver. Results show that it accurately reproduces the velocity and pressure fields, closely matching baseline RANS predictions. The predicted drag coefficient deviates by less than 6% from experimental measurements. For off-training conditions at the different yaw angle, the model exhibits slight underprediction in the wake core region and minor discrepancies in capturing upper vortices. Moreover, the model achieves a 30% reduction in computational time, demonstrating its potential for efficient, high-fidelity aerodynamic simulations in industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 106386"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation on the reduction of wind loads on helical high-rise buildings under atmospheric boundary layer","authors":"Kanghui Han,&nbsp;Guohui Shen,&nbsp;Shice Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2026.106395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2026.106395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the wind load of helical high-rise buildings, seven rigid square models with different twist angles (0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 150°, 180°) were designed, and synchronous multi-pressure tests were conducted under four turbulent boundary layers in the wind tunnel. Results showed that significant mean and fluctuating wind pressures may occur at the corners of helical models at the wind incidence angle of 0° relative to the building base. The helical shape suppresses regular vortex shedding, broadening the bandwidth of the fluctuating wind load power spectral densities in across-wind and torsional directions, reducing their peak values, and significantly decreasing the fluctuating base moment coefficients. The suppressing effect of increasing twist angle on vortex shedding appears mostly when the twist angle is below 90°. Furthermore, the maximum absolute values of base moments occur at different wind incidence angles for models with different twist angles. The twist angle notably reduces the maximum absolute mean base torsional moment coefficient. Due to the curved surface of helical models, fluctuating wind loads are jointly generated by incoming turbulence and vortex shedding and reach their maximum values in an urban area. Finally, estimation equations for base wind load coefficients are proposed, incorporating the influence of twist angle and terrain category.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 106395"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wind-induced vibration control of tall buildings using active aerodynamic modification and intelligent optimization algorithms","authors":"Kaixin Xu ,&nbsp;Gang Hu ,&nbsp;Fangwei Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2026.106370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2026.106370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Active aerodynamic modification is an emerging research frontier for mitigating wind-induced vibration in structures. While it presents theoretical potential for adaptability, its development is constrained by the complexity of control logic and the need for efficient testing methodologies. This study presents a fundamental exploration of a novel cyber-physical system (CPS) designed to automate data acquisition and control in a wind tunnel setting. The primary objective is to validate a methodological framework that accelerates experimental iterations. Data from this CPS was used to train an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) as a high-fidelity surrogate model, mapping the relationship between actuator configurations and vibration responses. This ANN model was then coupled with three intelligent optimization—Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Simulated Annealing (SA)—to conduct a comparative study of optimization strategies under varying wind conditions. When applied to a scaled tall building model, the framework demonstrated the capability to identify configurations that suppress vibration. Rather than proposing an immediate engineering replacement for passive systems, this study analyzes the unique characteristics and convergence performance of each optimization algorithm within the control loop. Finally, a screening framework for actuators is introduced to enhance design efficiency. This interdisciplinary approach provides valuable methodological insights into the integration of automation, machine learning, and optimization, serving as a theoretical reference for the exploration of adaptive wind-induced vibration control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 106370"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A data-physics driven deep learning method for retrieving submesoscale wind speed fields in far-sea typhoons","authors":"Chun-wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Shi-tang Ke ,&nbsp;Lin Zhao ,&nbsp;Guo-qing Huang ,&nbsp;He-he Ren ,&nbsp;Song-ye Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2026.106391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2026.106391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Submesoscale processes in far-sea typhoons represent a critical pathway for the transfer of mesoscale kinetic energy to small-scale turbulent dissipation. The associated wind fields also constitute a primary source of initial conditions and real-time assimilation data for contemporary mesoscale meteorological models. Traditional land-based and ocean-based observation methods struggle to provide complete information on submesoscale wind speed fields over the deep ocean. This study proposes a data-physics driven deep learning retrieval method based on satellite infrared remote sensing data in conjunction with fluid dynamics equations. First, a dynamic grid adaptation method for the multiscale spatiotemporal matching of typhoon wind fields is developed using multi-channel infrared remote sensing data from the Himawari-8 meteorological satellite and the ERA5 global reanalysis wind field data. Then, based on the established spatiotemporally matched database of horizontal wind speed fields for far-sea typhoons in the Northwest Pacific, a data-physics driven deep convolutional neural network model is constructed by embedding loss functions with the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations and the continuity equation in polar coordinates. This approach ultimately achieves accurate retrieval of the submesoscale horizontal wind speed fields in far-sea typhoons. The study demonstrates that, compared to the data driven models which only identify typhoon center locations and vortex directions, the data-physics driven model promotes the convergence of high-order iterations, effectively reconstructs radial gradient variations in the typhoon horizontal wind speeds, and significantly improves retrieval accuracy in the high-wind eyewall region. The recommended distribution for the physics driven sample points is at <em>r</em>/<em>R</em> = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.7, and 1.0, with a physical constraint intensity coefficient <em>α</em> = 100. Under these conditions, the model achieves RMSEs of 0.91 m/s and 0.86 m/s for eyewall and global horizontal wind speed retrieval respectively, with BIASs of −0.27 m/s and 0.26 m/s.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 106391"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital twin-based non-stationary wind field reconstruction with time-varying coherences for long-span bridges","authors":"Shu-Meng Li ,&nbsp;You-Lin Xu ,&nbsp;Shang-Jun Jiang ,&nbsp;Zi-Feng Huang ,&nbsp;Cheng Pei","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2026.106392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2026.106392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-span bridges in mountainous regions are often subjected to non-stationary winds. Therefore, the non-stationary wind fields need to know in performing the buffeting analysis of these bridges. However, the limited anemometers equipped on a long-span bridge are insufficient to obtain a complete non-stationary wind field. This paper thus proposes a digital twin-based method to reconstruct a complete non-stationary wind field with time-varying coherence for a long-span bridge in a mountainous region. The real non-stationary wind field and the non-stationary wind characteristics measured by limited anemometers are taken as a physical entity. The conditionally simulated wind field is taken as a virtual entity. By mapping the non-stationary wind characteristics measured by limited anemometers to the conditionally simulated non-stationary wind field and at the same time by optimizing the time-varying coherence function, a complete non-stationary wind field along the bridge deck can be reconstructed. The proposed method is applied to a real long-span suspension bridge in a mountainous region. The results demonstrate that the reconstructed non-stationary wind field not only matches with the measured fluctuating wind speeds and wind spectra but also provides an accurate time-varying coherence function. The results also manifest that if three anemometers can be equipped at appropriate locations of the bridge deck, a sufficiently accurate non-stationary wind field can be reconstructed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 106392"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An aerodynamic measurement system to improve the efficiency of wind turbine rotor blades","authors":"Julien Deparday ,&nbsp;Yuriy Marykovskiy ,&nbsp;Imad Abdallah ,&nbsp;Sarah Barber","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2026.106368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2026.106368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The wind energy sector is growing rapidly with the installation of wind turbines with long, slender blades in diverse sites. To enhance operational performance under specific wind conditions and validate the aerodynamic design of flexible blades, comprehensive field aerodynamic data is crucial. However, published field measurements are scarce for large-scale rotor blades due to complex and costly installation of the requisite measurement systems. In recent work, we developed a wireless and self-sufficient aerodynamic measurement system, named Aerosense, which is less complex and costly than conventional aerodynamic measurement systems. The system uses sensors to obtain local aerodynamic pressures, blade motions, and inflow conditions. In this paper, we demonstrate the value of Aerosense in understanding the aerodynamic behaviour of rotor blades, using a 74W wind turbine operating in the field. After a thorough calibration and correction process, we demonstrate, for example, that the pressure distribution can vary significantly during one rotation of the blade, even under stable wind conditions. These variations are found to be due to the misalignment of the wind direction with the wind turbine’s rotational axis. We therefore conclude that the developed measurement system is valuable for understanding aerodynamic loading on rotor blades as well as the influence of the inflow conditions on wind turbine performance. This measurement system is applicable to other wind engineering challenges requiring distributed pressure measurements on large or flexible structures, such as bridges, cables, and building façades.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 106368"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wind-induced vibration calculation method for transmission towers considering tower-line coupling effect","authors":"Shuang Zhao ,&nbsp;Chengtao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongjie Liu ,&nbsp;Zhitao Yan ,&nbsp;Eric Savory ,&nbsp;Xueqin Zhang ,&nbsp;Caiqiang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2026.106388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2026.106388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The proposed wind-induced vibration calculation method considering the tower-line coupling effect (TCE) is a major step forward from the existing qualitative level of analysis to a quantitative one. By establishing a physical model of a one tower and two-span system, the closed solutions of the equivalent damping ratio <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>ζ</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> and the fluctuating discount coefficient <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>ε</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>, considering the influence of TCE on the wind-induced vibration of transmission towers, were derived based on stochastic vibration theory and modal analysis. By combining the authors' previous work, the reported study provided a correction procedure for the wind-induced vibration coefficient that integrates the influences of cross-arms, diaphragms, conductor geometric nonlinearity, and TCE. The verification and parameter analyses of the derived <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>ζ</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>ε</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> were carried out through finite element modeling calculations. The results showed that the conductors weaken the towers' resonant response, while the conductor wind loads affect the towers’ peak response combination, as indicated by <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>ζ</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>ε</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>, respectively. The proposed simplified formulae of <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>ζ</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>ε</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> can consider both the accuracy and applicability of the calculation. The accurate consideration of <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>ζ</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>ε</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> can both broaden the application scenarios of the current transmission line load codes and help to further rationalize the amount of steel used in tower construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 106388"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Full-scale assessment of vehicle wind loading on the Great Belt East Bridge","authors":"A. Larsen ,&nbsp;M.B. Eriksen ,&nbsp;F.R. Gottfredsen","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2026.106372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2026.106372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present paper reports on measurements of wind pressures made on a full-scale box trailer travelling across the Great Belt East Bridge. The purpose of the measurements was to assess the efficiency of local wind screens designed to alleviate the increased wind loading and decrease the recorded risk of wind induced overturning in the vicinity of the bridge towers and the anchor blocks. Several conclusions are drawn from the present investigation. The wind loading on the trailer is a function of the depth of the bridge section on which it is travelling. It increases by 75% when running on the 4.4 m deep girder of the suspension bridge compared to the 7 m deep girder of the approach bridges. The full-scale turbulent wind loading on the stationary trailer is found to display significantly higher low frequency components than observed in the model scale wind tunnel tests. This is not surprising in view of the wind tunnel turbulence modelling technique but should be remembered when assessing wind tunnel test results. Finally, it is concluded that the wind screens serve to smoothen the wind pressure on the trailer at the towers and anchor blocks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 106372"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing tornado-like vortex (TLV) generation in straight-line wind simulators: An LES study","authors":"Mohammad Abid Hasan ,&nbsp;Faiaz Khaled ,&nbsp;Franklin T. Lombardo","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2026.106373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2026.106373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the capability of rotating louvers/blades to generate and control tornado-like vortices (TLVs) using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) in straight-line wind simulators. A novel computational approach (in wind engineering) is employed to simulate flow around rotating louvers, which involves dynamic meshing using the Arbitrary Mesh Interface (AMI) technique and the application of <em>pimpleDyMFoam</em> solver to handle the complexities of dynamic meshing. The proposed method is expected to generate vortices from multiple pulses created by using a synchronized combination of louver motion and inflow. The generated vortices are evaluated based on three widely recognized criteria for TLV simulations: (a) the radial profile of pressure, (b) the radial profile of tangential velocity, and (c) the vertical profile of resultant velocity. Additionally, the ratios of tangential to radial speed (a measure of swirl ratio) and translational to tangential speed are evaluated to demonstrate the concept's efficacy in maintaining kinematic similarity. The results from a single pulse are examined in detail based on the criteria mentioned above to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed concept, followed by multi-pulse simulations to generate multiple vortices. The results from the single pulse and multi-pulse simulations reveal acceptable conformance with field observations and experimental data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 106373"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}