Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics最新文献

{"title":"A novel AR-MEM-PJTM method for simulating multivariate stationary non-Gaussian wind pressure processes","authors":"Fengbo Wu ,&nbsp;Yuan Hu ,&nbsp;Yi Lu ,&nbsp;Xingui Yao ,&nbsp;Jingzhou Xin ,&nbsp;Yan Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is generally accepted that the wind-induced response time domain analysis for nonlinear structures requires accurate and fast simulation of non-Gaussian wind pressures. Recently, an enhanced autoregressive (AR)-based method for simulating univariate wind pressures has been proposed by some authors of this study. However, the corresponding method for simulating multivariate wind pressures is missing. This study comprehensively uses AR, maximum entropy method (MEM), piecewise Johnson transformation model (PJTM) and proposes a novel AR-MEM-PJTM method for simulating multivariate non-Gaussian wind pressures. In this method, a set of closed-form formulations for estimating higher-order moments of the AR's input process vector are firstly theoretically derived. Next, MEM is used to approximate the marginal probability distribution function of the input process vector, which is then applied to determine PJTM. The proposed AR-MEM-PJTM method is illustrated in the numerical examples to be capable of considering more moments, thus result in satisfactory simulations for a variety of multivariate non-Gaussian wind pressures. It is also pointed out that the proposed method is not restricted by the application range, which actually exists in the conventional methods using AR model. Note that the proposed method can also be applied to simulate other non-Gaussian processes such as the wind speed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105999"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance-based wind design of tall mass timber buildings with coupled post-tensioned cross-laminated timber shear walls","authors":"Nahom K. Berile,&nbsp;Matiyas A. Bezabeh","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Engineered timber panels, such as cross-laminated timber (CLT), have enabled tall mass timber buildings to reach heights equivalent to mid-rise concrete and steel buildings. Tall mass timber buildings are lighter and more flexible than their concrete and steel equivalents, which makes their design wind-critical. The current prescriptive code-based design of main wind force resisting systems (MWFRSs) only considers buildings’ linear-elastic capacity, resulting in costly designs requiring commercially unavailable timber cross sections. This prevents engineers from fully utilizing timber as MWFRS and limits the height that mass timber buildings can reach. In performance-based wind design (PBWD), nonlinear-inelastic deformation in specially designed and detailed parts of MWFRSs enables an optimal design. However, controlling damage accumulation in structures can be challenging due to the substantial mean component of wind loads in the along-wind direction. To this end, self-centering systems such as coupled post-tensioned CLT (PT-CLT) walls can offer a solution. However, despite extensive analytical and experimental studies on the use of PT-CLT walls as seismic force-resisting systems, their use as MWFRSs has not been explored. Therefore, this paper proposes the use of PT-CLT walls as MWFRSs in tall mass timber buildings and develops a new PBWD approach for their design. To demonstrate the applicability of the PBWD approach, 8- and 16-story prototype mass timber buildings hypothetically located in Toronto, Canada, were designed using PBWD and load information from wind tunnel tests. For performance assessment, three-dimensional multi-spring numerical models were developed in <em>OpenSeesPy</em> and validated with full-scale quasi-static cyclic and shaking table experimental tests. Performance assessments using nonlinear response history analysis (NLRHA) under simultaneous along-, across-, and torsional-wind loads for 36 wind directions were carried out. The results indicate that the proposed PBWD framework is practical and effective for designing PT-CLT shear walls as MWFRSs in tall mass timber buildings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105981"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparities in aeolian sand transport across low and high wind speeds in the atmospheric surface layer","authors":"Guowen Han,&nbsp;Zhilin Huang,&nbsp;Xiaobin Zhang,&nbsp;Guowei Xin","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Synchronously measured high-frequency wind speeds and saltation mass flux data were used to investigate the wind-blown sand transport dynamics across low and high wind speeds in the atmospheric surface layer. Our study reveals that the probability density functions (PDFs) of non-zero values of saltation mass flux follow an exponential distribution at relatively low wind speeds (<em>u</em>_<em>τ</em> &lt; 0.35 m s⁻¹). However, these PDFs shift to a lognormal distribution at relatively high wind speeds (<em>u</em>_<em>τ</em> &gt; 0.45 m s⁻¹). Additionally, the response of saltation mass flux to turbulent motions varies with wind speed. For example, sweep turbulent events contribute 55% to the total saltation mass flux at low wind speeds, whereas they contribute 45% at high wind speeds. Furthermore, Bagnold's formula, Kawamura's formula, and the formula developed by Martin and Kok are effective at high wind speeds. However, due to the intermittency of aeolian sand transport at low wind speeds, these formulas are invalid. We employed the condition-averaged saltation sand transport rate (<em>Q</em>_<em>c</em>) to investigate the scaling laws of saltation sand transport rates. Compared to the time-averaged saltation sand transport rate used in previous studies, <em>Q</em>_<em>c</em> values align more closely with the formula developed by Martin and Kok.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105990"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Square-section prism with rounded edges in a uniform cross-flow: Effect of incidence angle and Reynolds number on the (un)steady aerodynamics and proneness to galloping","authors":"Nils Paul van Hinsberg,&nbsp;Annika Frede","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The steady and unsteady aerodynamics of a slightly rough square-section prism with rounded edges of <span><math><mrow><mi>r</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow></math></span> = 0.16 is studied experimentally for a wide range of Reynolds numbers and incidence angles. Surface pressures, time-averaged and fluctuating lift, drag, and pitch moment coefficients, as well as eddy shedding frequencies are measured simultaneously for Reynolds numbers between 100,000 and 8 million. Analysis of the data reveals drastic changes in the cross-sectional surface pressure distribution with increasing Reynolds number for all incidence angles between −45° and 3.25°, caused by the promotion of the separated-shear-layer reattachment on the side faces owing to the rounded edges. At <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span> = 0°, an unbounded supercritical flow regime exists, while at larger absolute incidence angles the upper transition and transcritical flow regimes appear and gradually spread over an increasing range of Reynolds numbers. The transitions from the critical to the supercritical flow regime and further to the upper transition are accompanied by sign reversals of the lift and pitch moment. Thereupon, the classical quasi-steady galloping models are applied to determine the stability boundaries of transverse and torsional galloping depending on the incidence angle and Reynolds number. Moreover, at specific combinations of both governing parameters the eddy shedding is fully suppressed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105993"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review, CFD and ML analysis of flow around tandem circular cylinders at sub-critical Reynolds numbers","authors":"Mariam Nagi Amer ,&nbsp;Ahmed Abuelyamen ,&nbsp;Vladimir B. Parezanović ,&nbsp;Ahmed K. Alkaabi ,&nbsp;Saeed A. Alameri ,&nbsp;Imran Afgan","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hybrid review paper meticulously examines crucial research on tandem cylinders across a broad range of Reynolds (<span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span>) numbers, extending up to <span><math><mrow><mn>170</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>000</mn></mrow></math></span> for Strouhal (<span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></math></span>) and <span><math><mrow><mn>300</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>000</mn></mrow></math></span> for pressure coefficients (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>). By consolidating findings on various flow parameters, including Strouhal number, drag (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>D</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>), lift (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>L</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>), and pressure coefficients (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>), the paper advocates the use of experimental and three-dimensional numerical data, exclusively omitting two-dimensional numerical data, especially at higher <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span> numbers. To this end, the predictive performance of different machine learning techniques-such as XGBoost, genetic optimization, ensemble modeling, and Random Forest-was evaluated using numerical simulations and data sourced from literature. The results demonstrate that, given a sufficiently large dataset, these techniques can accurately predict flow variables like Strouhal number and pressure coefficients with minimal computational cost. However, it is crucial to use only three-dimensional datasets for such analyses. The study identifies Random Forest and XGBoost models as the most accurate in forecasting flow-induced oscillations and pressure distributions around the cylinders, exhibiting the lowest mean squared errors for Strouhal number and pressure coefficient predictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105998"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spanwise flow control of bridge deck using Bayesian optimization technique","authors":"Xiaolong Deng ,&nbsp;Qiulei Wang ,&nbsp;Wenli Chen ,&nbsp;Gang Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a novel framework in bridge wind engineering, merging Bayesian optimization (BO) with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to optimize spanwise control parameters for the Great Belt bridge deck. This study leverages the BO framework for an automated, data-driven adjustment of the blow-suction sinusoidal spanwise perturbation (SSP) parameters at the leading and trailing edges of bridge decks. The primary aim is to finely tune the SSP control, stimulating the secondary instability in the spanwise vortices in the wake flow field. This process effectively generates streamwise vortices to suppress the spanwise ones, significantly mitigating fluctuating aerodynamic forces and vortex-induced vibration of the bridge deck, improving its aerodynamic stability. The results demonstrate that the BO framework-driven SSP control method can efficiently reduce the aerodynamic forces while finding the optimal SSP wavelength. Furthermore, through the optimization of multi-parameter variables in SSP control, the optimal combination of amplitudes and wavelengths for the SSP are achieved. Additionally, it was found that blow-suction at the trailing edge of the bridge deck is more effective than at the leading edge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105955"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-critical flow over arrangements of multiple rough cylinders","authors":"David Burton,&nbsp;Gershom Easanesan,&nbsp;Anil Pasam,&nbsp;Christopher Brown,&nbsp;Daniel Tudball Smith,&nbsp;Mark C. Thompson","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a comprehensive set of wind-tunnel experiments was undertaken to gain insight into the variation of force coefficients (lift and drag) across different wind angles and spacings for equidistant cylinder arrangements (two, three, and four cylinders) in post-critical flows. The effect of both the cylinder spacing and wind incidence angle was examined for a roughness Reynolds number of approximately 770. The broad trends in the force coefficients previously observed for cylinders in sub-critical flow are shown to persist in post-critical flow, although the magnitudes of the coefficients are different, particularly for the maximum lift coefficient. Additionally, several methods are examined for predicting the forces experienced by multiple cylinder combinations using data obtained from the two-cylinder case. In general, these methods provide good predictions for large cylinder spacings but are inconsistent when the cylinders are spaced closer together.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105964"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation of snow accumulation in bogie area of high-speed trains in CFD-DEM method","authors":"Lan Zhang ,&nbsp;YuZhe Ma ,&nbsp;Jiye Zhang ,&nbsp;Tian Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.106000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.106000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When operating in cold weathers, high-speed trains may find snow and ice building up in their bogie areas, thus deteriorating the vehicle's dynamic performance. Based on the Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equation (URANS) in combination with the Discrete Element Method (DEM), this study simulated the motion of snow particles in the bogie area for 1 s, with the Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) contact model deployed to calculate the force of the snow particles on the wall and identify whether they would adhere to the wall. In addition, this study explored the following two aspects' influence on the movement of snow particles and the snow accumulation in the bogie area: the elastic modulus of snow particles, and the surface energy of interfaces between snow particles and the wall. It is found in this study that increased elastic modulus of snow particles can effectively prevent snow particles from entering the bogie area. According to the simulation results, when the elastic modulus of snow particles is increased from 0.1Mpa to 1Mpa and 10Mpa, the snow particles entering the bogie area would be reduced by 15.6% and 30.4%, and the snow particles adhering to the bogie area by 44.3% and 48.1%, respectively. Furthermore, when the interfacial surface energy between snow particles and the wall is decreased from 0.13J/m² to 0.075J/m² and 0.02J/m², the adhesion on the bogie would be diminished by 50.4% and 73.8%, and the adhesion on the bogie cavity wall by 28.5% and 32.4%, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 106000"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal roof cladding system under wind loading: State-of-the-art","authors":"Shubham Tiwari ,&nbsp;Krishanu Roy ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Fang ,&nbsp;James B.P. Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105939","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Roof cladding, a vital component of any structure, is fabricated from material that is durable, affordable, and weatherproof. Metal roof claddings, known for their lightweight nature, durability, cost-effectiveness in construction and maintenance, and impressive strength-to-weight ratio, have been widely adopted worldwide. However, despite these advantages, metal roof claddings are particularly prone to failure during extreme wind events, such as storms, cyclones, and hurricanes. The two primary categories of metal roof claddings are long-run profiles and tray profiles. This study conducts a comprehensive review of research focused on standards used for quantifying wind loadings on roof structures, as well as the wind resistance capacity of various profiles of metal roof claddings under wind uplift loading. The review encompasses both experimental and numerical studies, exploring test methods, numerical modeling techniques, and modes of failures associated with different roof cladding profiles under wind uplift loading conditions. Additionally, the paper examines studies related to fragility and vulnerability analysis, along with risk assessment, pertaining to metal roof claddings. In conclusion, the paper offers critical remarks and provides recommendations for future work based on identified research gaps. The aim is to guide future studies in addressing challenges related to the wind performance of metal roof claddings and contribute to the development of more resilient and secure roofing systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105939"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of vortices in straight-line wind simulators","authors":"Faiaz Khaled ,&nbsp;Franklin T. Lombardo ,&nbsp;Kurtis Gurley","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A vortex is an important feature for wind engineering. This paper presents an experimentally validated technique to create vortices in straight-line wind simulators, advancing the study of transient flow features in traditional boundary layer wind tunnels. Repeatable translating vortices can be created in traditional atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnels by partially blocking off the tunnel's flow introducing horizontal shear instability. The technique is initially explored using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, followed by experimental validation at the University of Florida boundary layer wind tunnel. Findings validating the premise are observed concerning the radial profiles of (a) pressure, (b) velocity, and (c) vertical profile of velocity, which demonstrate the ability to create vortex characteristics comparable to that of specialized vortex simulators and field observations. This technique enables a realistic ratio of translation to tangential speed and swirl ratio of the vortices that conform well with full-scale measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105992"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}