Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics最新文献

{"title":"Impact of wind barrier structures on the flow field around railway bridges under crosswind: A study based on real terrain in Xinjiang, China","authors":"Wenfei Shang ,&nbsp;Xiujuan Miao ,&nbsp;Guangjun Gao ,&nbsp;Jie Zhang ,&nbsp;Tanghong Liu ,&nbsp;Jiabin Wang ,&nbsp;Sinisa Krajnović","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents the influence of an innovative wind barrier designed to mitigate the effects of crosswinds on high-speed train operating areas in mountainous regions based on typical terrain in Xinjiang, China. The study employs the Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equations combined with an unstructured hexahedral volume mesher to simulate airflow around cross-scale structures, and the simulation method has been validated through wind tunnel tests. First, the test results confirm the numerical method's advantage in cross-scale geometric model computations. Second, this paper examines airflow characteristics upstream of the bridge in the basic model of typical terrain (BMTT). Results show multiple high-velocity zones within the terrain. Notably, the bridge high-speed zones pose a risk to train safety, caused by valley-influenced airflow compression toward the central bridge along the rail direction, combined with downhill winds driven by terrain and gravity effects. Third, comparing the anti-crosswind performance of the original porous case (OPC) and the diffusible diversion case (DDC) reveals that the DDC is more effective in reducing crosswind effects on train operating areas. By deflecting airflow upward and downward, DDC creates reverse flow zones at tracks 1 and 2 regions. It blocks crosswinds over 86.7 % of its area and diverts 74.1 % of crosswinds away from train operating areas, enhancing wind barrier performance by 44.2 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 106224"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerodynamic characterization of bicycle wheels: Development of a reversed-fork setup for drag and ventilation moment measurement","authors":"Enrico Inghilleri,&nbsp;Dario Dal Cin,&nbsp;Claudio Somaschini,&nbsp;Stefano Giappino,&nbsp;Paolo Schito","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aerodynamic resistance plays a fundamental role in cycling races. Since competition time gaps are continuously narrowing, aerodynamic optimization of technical equipment has gained crucial relevance. Therefore, wheel aerodynamics has been extensively investigated through wind tunnel experiments and numerical simulations. Although it has been demonstrated that ventilation moment accounts for a significant portion of wheel power losses, it is not measured in most wind tunnel tests concerning bicycle wheels. This paper aims to introduce and validate a setup in which the bicycle wheel is supported by a reversed fork, enabling the simultaneous measurement of rotational power losses and aerodynamic forces. The presence of the fork can produce a more realistic flow field, potentially offering insights into the frame-wheel interaction. The proposed methodology combines a coast-down test and an inertia measurement to estimate the rotational power loss due to ventilation moment with maximum uncertainty of about 1%. The outcomes of the tests agree with the results reported in the literature, indicating that the flow behavior is accurately captured. Comparison with previous wind tunnel campaigns conducted within the same facility, but with a different setup on the same wheel-tire assembly, revealed consistent trends of translational drag force and steering moment with yaw angle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 106240"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of features influencing glass façade damage in mid- to high-rise buildings during extreme wind events","authors":"Huy Pham,&nbsp;Axel Soto,&nbsp;Monica Arul","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While the importance of glass façade performance under extreme wind events has gained attention, further research is needed for a comprehensive understanding. Decades of recurring glass façade damage in mid- to high-rise buildings in Houston’s Central Business District further underscore this need. This paper focuses on identifying features that influence glass façade damage in such buildings during extreme wind events. Initially, a synthesis of historical glazing damage in the United States from 1980 to 2024 is conducted, focusing on cases with accessible information. These records are supplemented with literature and the authors’ opinions to develop three feature categories: architectural, structural, and environmental. They encompass design- and location-related features that may contribute to glass façade damage during windstorms. Their applicability is demonstrated through two case studies involving different windstorm types: the Houston Derecho (2024) and Hurricane Laura (2020). Post-event building damage imagery is used to evaluate the proposed features. Results show that architectural and structural features are useful for characterizing glass façade systems, inferring missing information, and identifying potential vulnerabilities in building shape and footprint. Environmental features help explain how the spatial arrangement of surrounding buildings may amplify wind loads in dense urban areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 106232"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerostatic stability analysis of a suspension bridge based on the stiffness matrix singularity criterion","authors":"Dian-yi Guo,&nbsp;Wen-ming Zhang,&nbsp;Li-ming Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The risk of aerostatic instability of long-span bridges grows with their span length increase. The judgment criteria for the critical state of aerostatic stability vary across the studies, implying large errors and difficulty in revealing the instability mechanism. Addressing the above issue, this study proposes a new judgment criterion, implying that the structure's stiffness matrix should be singular, while the product of the eigenvector of zero eigenvalues and the load vector should not be zero. The proposed criterion is expected to locate the limit points of structural instability and shed more light on its essence, including the critical wind velocity and aerostatic stability mechanism. To this end, the detailed calculation process of the proposed method is presented. Its effectiveness and accuracy are verified by a case study of the Ma'anshan Yangtze River Bridge in China, featuring a suspension bridge with three towers. For the initial wind angles of attack at 0° and +3°, the overall stiffness matrix of the bridge was singular at the last loading step. The limit points of instability of the bridge were inferred based on the above criterion. The critical wind velocities for aerostatic stability were 122.7 and 120 m/s, respectively. However, the stiffness matrix was not singular at the −3°initial angle of attack.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 106238"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning-based prediction of the performance of a wind-excited piezoelectric energy harvester deployed in urban environment","authors":"Poorya Poozesh,&nbsp;Antonio J. Álvarez,&nbsp;Félix Nieto","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing urgency to mitigate climate change has driven significant interest in renewable energy solutions, including energy harvesting from wind-induced vibrations from piezoelectric materials. While most prior research has optimized energy harvester designs through controlled wind tunnel experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, their performance under real-world, long-term conditions remains largely unexplored. This study addresses this gap by deploying a piezoelectric energy harvester in an urban environment and analysing its performance using one month of ambient wind data. Machine learning (ML) models are developed to predict the output voltage of the harvester based on wind speed, azimuth, and elevation angles, as well as diurnal/nocturnal variations. The results revealed that wind speed magnitude influences voltage output, with clear sensitivity to directional and elevation components, which is of relevance in urban environments, where wind interacts with the surrounding structures. Among the tested ML models, Random Forest (RF) demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy, outperforming Gradient Boosting Regression Trees (GBRT) and Decision Tree Regression (DTR). This work underscores the potential of ML-driven approaches to improve the operational efficiency of piezoelectric wind-excited energy harvesters deployed in complex urban environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 106222"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wind speed profile model of the desert photovoltaic arrays","authors":"Fei Zhang,&nbsp;Yunyun Wen,&nbsp;Mingjie Jiang,&nbsp;Tiansheng Liu,&nbsp;Xingcai Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate prediction of dust accumulation on photovoltaic (PV) modules is crucial for enhancing power generation forecasts in desert PV plants. The profiles of wind serve as a crucial tool in estimating the fluid forces acting on airborne particles, thereby facilitating an understanding of the patterns of surface dust accumulation on PV modules. Given the scarcity of research in this domain, this study leverages computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to explore how incoming wind speed, PV module installation height, and tilt angle affect wind profiles in PV arrays. The findings reveal that both friction velocity and aerodynamic roughness exhibit an S-shaped increase in response to the elevation of the installation height of photovoltaic arrays, as well as an increase corresponding to the tilt angle of the PV modules. Building on these insights, the study develops a wind profile model tailored to PV arrays with varied installation configurations. The model establishes a functional relationship between the wind speed profile and the installation parameters. These outcomes provide a vital theoretical basis for the prediction of dust accumulation on PV modules using theoretical models, thereby offering significant scientific support for improving the accuracy of power generation forecasts in desert PV power plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 106239"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A methodology for comparing mean, fluctuating and peak wind loads of buildings","authors":"Stefano Brusco ,&nbsp;Timothy John Acosta ,&nbsp;Yitian Guo ,&nbsp;Jon Galsworthy ,&nbsp;John Kilpatrick ,&nbsp;Jin Wang ,&nbsp;Gregory A. Kopp","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a methodology to distinguish true measurement uncertainty from aerodynamic effects when comparing load coefficients from different atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnels. It considers the similarity of the wind field through profiles of mean velocity, turbulence intensities, and gust factor, along with the distribution of fluctuating flow properties, especially at small scales of turbulence. To ensure consistency, peak wind velocities and responses are estimated from time-histories matched in full-scale sampling time, hence longer records are truncated to match shorter ones.</div><div>A test case involving a pressure model of a medium-rise building is proposed. It was independently tested by RWDI, CPP, and Western University under five different conditions. Time-histories of wind velocity and integrated aerodynamic base shear force, overturning, and torsional moments are analyzed and compared for nominally similar exposures. The trends in two comparisons are qualitatively consistent, with discrepancies in mean and peak coefficients not exceeding 7 % and 14 %, respectively. The analysis of the alongwind response reveals even smaller differences, especially in the mean coefficients, even across all five conditions.</div><div>These findings suggest that current wind tunnel testing standards could potentially be relaxed, particularly by incorporating Partial Turbulence Simulation concepts, without compromising the reliability of aerodynamic load predictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 106233"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of combined-type wind barriers on the running safety of trains on bridges","authors":"Yunfeng Zou ,&nbsp;Haobo Liang ,&nbsp;Chenzhi Cai ,&nbsp;Xiangrong Guo ,&nbsp;Xin Li ,&nbsp;Yongming Huang ,&nbsp;Wenying Jiang ,&nbsp;Xuhui He","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ensuring the operational safety of high-speed trains on bridges is critically important, yet crosswinds frequently present substantial risks to their safe passage. Wind barriers (WBs) serve as an effective measure to enhance the safety of trains operating on bridges under crosswind conditions. This study introduced a combined-type wind barrier (CWB) that combines the structural features of both fence-type wind barriers (FWBs) and open hole-type wind barriers (OWBs). A series of sectional model wind tunnel tests (WTTs) was conducted on a large scale, focusing on a wide suspension bridge. These tests assessed the aerodynamic effects of three WB types on the train-bridge system (TBS): OWB, FWB, and CWB. Based on these experimental results, a three-dimensional analytical model of the wind-train-bridge coupled vibration system was developed using a custom procedure to evaluate its dynamic response. A comparative analysis of the windproofing effectiveness of the CWB was conducted, focusing on the aerodynamic performance and dynamic response characteristics of the TBS. The outcomes highlight that CWB improves the running safety of trains on bridges, in comparison with both OWB and FWB. Maximum reductions of 23.07 % in peak derailment coefficient and 17.39 % in peak wheel load (WhL) reduction rate were achieved by the CWB configuration, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum dynamic response of the TBS is primarily determined by the WB effect on train aerodynamic coefficients. Following a comprehensive evaluation of aerodynamic performance and dynamic response, it has been realized that the adoption of the CWB is recommended due to its superior sheltering effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 106236"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing vertical wind tunnel design through integrated numerical and statistical modeling","authors":"Muneebullah Nawaz ,&nbsp;Aditya Parik ,&nbsp;Som Dutta ,&nbsp;Tadd Truscott","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a mathematical optimization (meta-modeling) approach for wind tunnel design, focusing on a vertical wind tunnel for droplet levitation. A robust, interconnected feedback methodology integrates component sizing and layout within a numerical tool for computational flow analysis. Numerical analysis of guide vanes minimizes the loss coefficient (as low as 0.03 for <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>≈</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>6</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> and 0.18 for <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>≈</mo><mn>15000</mn></mrow></math></span>) and optimizes wind tunnel dimensions. Rather than relying on intuitive or literature-based parameter choices, the method solves a multi-variable design problem using response surface approximations. Statistical models of expensive functions – derived from Navier–Stokes solutions – account for non-linear and discontinuous behavior. The proposed methodology identifies optimal tunnel designs based on user-defined targets (e.g., test section size, turbulence intensity, pressure loss) and validates them via numerical simulation. Moreover, the approach significantly reduces the need for full Navier–Stokes simulations by using only 26 numerical runs to solve four-variable constrained multi-objective functions. This enhances computational efficiency while enabling optimization across a wide range of design targets using a single set of simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 106218"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of atmospheric stability as a predictive index for air pollutant dispersion in urban areas","authors":"Takumi Tachibana ,&nbsp;Ryuichiro Yoshie ,&nbsp;Yingli Xuan","doi":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jweia.2025.106221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to establish a new environmental assessment method for air pollution based on atmospheric stability evaluations under real urban conditions. Wind speed from Doppler lidar, temperature data from the Tokyo Tower, and ground surface temperatures estimated from Weather Research and Forecasting simulations were used to calculate the gradient (<em>R</em>_<em>g</em>) and bulk (<em>R</em>_<em>b</em>) Richardson numbers as quantitative indicators of atmospheric stability. The study investigates the range, frequency of occurrence, and seasonal/hourly variations of <em>R</em>_<em>g</em> and <em>R</em>_<em>b</em> and the correlations between the two indices. When the evaluation height for <em>R</em>_<em>g</em> was set to approximately 100m, the seasonal and diurnal trends of <em>R</em>_<em>g</em> and <em>R</em>_<em>b</em> were generally consistent. However, <em>R</em>_<em>g</em> exhibited significantly greater variability than <em>R</em>_<em>b</em>, likely because <em>R</em>_<em>g</em> is inversely proportional to the square of the wind speed gradient. <em>R</em>_<em>b</em> was also compared with the Pasquill classification to assess their correlation and seasonal/hourly variations. While <em>R</em>_<em>b</em> and the Pasquill classification were broadly consistent, <em>R</em>_<em>b</em> provided a more detailed and quantitatively continuous representation of atmospheric stability. In contrast, the Pasquill classification significantly overestimated the frequency of neutral conditions “ClassD”, particularly under overcast skies or during transition periods, and often misclassified both weakly and strongly stable/unstable states as neutral. Furthermore, given the critical role of the vertical wind speed profile in pollutant dispersion within urban areas, wind speed profiles were analyzed based on both <em>R</em>_<em>b</em> and the Pasquill classification. Both classifications showed that as atmospheric stability decreased, the power-law exponent of the vertical profile of mean wind speed decreased, while turbulence intensity increased.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54752,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 106221"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}