Pediatric AnnalsPub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20240605-03
Jennifer Shook, Jodi Brady-Olympia
{"title":"The Inpatient Management of Adolescents with Eating Disorders.","authors":"Jennifer Shook, Jodi Brady-Olympia","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20240605-03","DOIUrl":"10.3928/19382359-20240605-03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eating disorders affect individuals of all ages, genders, sexual orientations, ethnicities, races, and socioeconomic statuses. They can lead to serious medical complications that require inpatient treatment. The eating disorders that are most likely to lead to medical complications requiring medical inpatient stabilization include anorexia nervosa, atypical anorexia nervosa, avoidant-restrictive food intake disorder, bulimia nervosa, and purging disorder. There are criteria that can help determine if a patient requires inpatient stabilization. Nearly all body systems may be affected. Patients are often treated by following a refeeding protocol that reduces the risk of developing refeeding syndrome, a dangerous and life-threatening state of metabolic derangements that can arise when a malnourished individual begins a renourishment process. Following stabilization, patients should receive further care through a number of different treatment options directed at their underlying eating disorder and by working with a multidisciplinary team. <b>[<i>Pediatr Ann</i>. 2024;53(8):e283-e287.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"53 8","pages":"e283-e287"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pediatric AnnalsPub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20240605-07
Kelsey L Jones, Aubri M Milano
{"title":"A Review of Trauma-Informed Care for Youth and Their Families in Inpatient Pediatric Settings.","authors":"Kelsey L Jones, Aubri M Milano","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20240605-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20240605-07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the pervasiveness of trauma, it is likely that many children and families seen in pediatric health settings have incurred traumatic experiences. These experiences can lead to a variety of negative medical, psychological, and social health outcomes. Therefore, a provider's focus on supporting resilience is integral. The use of trauma-informed care (TIC) is one way providers can work toward promoting a family's resilience. TIC is considered an organizational, attitudinal shift to understanding the broad impacts of trauma. This shift can contribute to changes in policies and procedures to make each system more welcoming to all those accessing the health system. This review will discuss the current pervasiveness of trauma, its associated impacts, the importance of TIC, and practical applications of TIC based on guiding principles provided by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. <b>[<i>Pediatr Ann</i>. 2024;53(8):e299-e304.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"53 8","pages":"e299-e304"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pediatric AnnalsPub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20240605-05
Anita Nathan, Jennifer Milillo
{"title":"Delirium: Where Are We Now?","authors":"Anita Nathan, Jennifer Milillo","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20240605-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20240605-05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Delirium has long been recognized within the adult intensive care world, but it is only within the past decade that its presence and prevalence in the context of pediatric intensive care has been studied. There is now a greater understanding of risk factors for delirium, a better selection of methods to recognize it, and treatment specifically directed to pediatric patients. An understanding of delirium is also relevant to pediatricians practicing outside of the intensive care unit, as delirium can present in other care environments, where it remains under-recognized. The purpose of this article is to review pediatric delirium by discussing its pathophysiology, the tools available to screen patients, and current prevention and management approaches. <b>[<i>Pediatr Ann</i>. 2024;53(8):e288-e292.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"53 8","pages":"e288-e292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pediatric AnnalsPub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20240605-06
Andrea L Dean, Jason V Lambrese
{"title":"Treating Children and Adolescents with Aggressive Behaviors in the Inpatient Setting.","authors":"Andrea L Dean, Jason V Lambrese","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20240605-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20240605-06","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mental health crisis in children and adolescents presents a unique challenge for pediatric providers in the inpatient setting. Patients are presenting to the emergency department in acute psychiatric crises, but the increased need for behavioral health services is met with an already limited supply of behavioral health services and facilities. As such, these patients are hospitalized on acute care floors, which can serve to exacerbate symptoms of aggression regardless of cause and complicates treatment and harm prevention strategies. We present a comprehensive management approach to the acutely agitated pediatric patient with aggressive behaviors, including prevention of symptoms in patients with risk factors; nonpharmacological approaches to de-escalation, including the use of restraint; and common oral and parenteral psychopharmacological agents. Such strategies are considered from a medical, ethical, and legal standpoint with the goal of maintaining safety and minimizing harm to patients, families, and staff. <b>[<i>Pediatr Ann</i>. 2024;53(8):e293-e298.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"53 8","pages":"e293-e298"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pediatric AnnalsPub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20240716-01
Jonathan A Mayhew, Kiet Tat, Matthew E Harris, Joseph Wheat, John C Christenson, James B Wood
{"title":"Central Nervous System Histoplasmosis After Acute COVID-19 in An Adolescent.","authors":"Jonathan A Mayhew, Kiet Tat, Matthew E Harris, Joseph Wheat, John C Christenson, James B Wood","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20240716-01","DOIUrl":"10.3928/19382359-20240716-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Central nervous system histoplasmosis is a serious complication of a common endemic mycosis, but it is rare in immunocompetent hosts. SARS-CoV-2 has introduced significant challenges into the healthcare setting with overlapping clinical presentations that may delay the diagnosis of alternative conditions. Additionally, it may lead to immune dysregulation and increase the risk for secondary infections, including invasive fungal diseases. Limited reports have described disseminated histoplasmosis in adults associated with COVID-19, but none have described central nervous system infection or complications in pediatric patients. We report a case of disseminated histoplasmosis involving the central nervous system in a previously healthy 13-year-old male with SARS-CoV-2 infection. An extensive immunological evaluation did not identify an underlying immunodeficiency. We highlight the potential of COVID-19 immune dys-regulation to contribute to the development or progression of invasive fungal disease. [<i>Pediatr Ann</i>. 2024;53(8):e305-e309.].</p>","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"53 8","pages":"e305-e309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pediatric AnnalsPub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20240502-01
Elizabeth Littlejohn, Rebecca Schein
{"title":"COVID-19 and Diabetes: The Tale of Two Pandemics.","authors":"Elizabeth Littlejohn, Rebecca Schein","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20240502-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20240502-01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"53 7","pages":"e242-e243"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141477969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pediatric AnnalsPub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20240502-07
Jonathan Mannheim, Daniel Johnson
{"title":"COVID-19 and Diabetes: An Epidemiologic Overview.","authors":"Jonathan Mannheim, Daniel Johnson","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20240502-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20240502-07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Past literature on the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) has emphasized the influence of exogenous factors, including viral infections, in the development of these conditions. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic again highlighted the complicated connection between viral infection and the development of diabetes. The complex interplay of proinflammatory, genetic, and socioeconomic factors can help explain the increased incidence of T1D and T2D during the pandemic. Proposed pathophysiological mechanisms connecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to T1D include the expression of angiotensin enzyme 2 receptors on pancreatic islet cells, resultant proinflammatory states, and potential transient damage caused by viral entry. The intricate web of genetic factors, social determinants of health (including the rise of obesity), and the impact of proinflammatory states during SARS-CoV-2 infection on insulin resistance suggests mechanisms linking SARS-CoV-2 infection to the development of diabetes. <b>[<i>Pediatr Ann</i>. 2024;53(7):e258-e263.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"53 7","pages":"e258-e263"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141477968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pediatric AnnalsPub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20240502-08
Astrid Mendez, Magda Mendez
{"title":"Fragile X Syndrome: A Review for General Pediatricians.","authors":"Astrid Mendez, Magda Mendez","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20240502-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20240502-08","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fragile X syndrome is the most commonly inherited form of intellectual disability. Identifying fragile X syndrome at a young age can be quite challenging because the classical physical features usually present in late childhood or early adolescence; therefore, it is important to consider genetic testing for all males with unexplained developmental delays, intellectual disability, and autism, females with developmental delays, intellectual disability or autism, and a family history of fragile X gene disorders. There is no specific treatment to manage fragile X syndrome. Still, a prompt referral for early intervention is essential to help maximize the child's learning potential, as well as a referral to child psychology if any behavioral concerns are present. It is of paramount importance for families with a history of fragile X syndrome to have access to genetic counseling as it can aid in future reproductive decisions and the risk of future recurrences of this condition. <b>[<i>Pediatr Ann</i>. 2024;53(7):e269-e271.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"53 7","pages":"e269-e271"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141477971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pediatric AnnalsPub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20240502-03
Nellie S Hani, Inas H Thomas
{"title":"Changes in Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Nellie S Hani, Inas H Thomas","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20240502-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20240502-03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing concern among the pediatric population. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the incidence of pediatric T2D increased. This was more notable among males and Black people. Increased rates of T2D may be due to rising obesity rates observed during the pandemic, behavioral and nutritional changes due to the lockdown, and decreased structure typically provided by in-person schooling. New-onset T2D presentations are more severe than in years prior to the pandemic, with higher initial hemoglobin A1C levels and increased rates of diabetic ketoacidosis. Increased severity in presentation may be due to hesitation in seeking care, increased virtual care, and limited access to health care resources. The pathophysiology of the relationship between T2D and COVID-19 in youth is not clear at this time. More studies are needed to understand the true long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on T2D in youth. <b>[<i>Pediatr Ann</i>. 2024;53(7):e249-e253.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"53 7","pages":"e249-e253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141477967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pediatric AnnalsPub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20240529-01
Lolita Alcocer Alkureishi, Karen Bernstein, Joseph R Hageman
{"title":"Advice on Establishing Healthy Cell Phone Routines for Teenagers.","authors":"Lolita Alcocer Alkureishi, Karen Bernstein, Joseph R Hageman","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20240529-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20240529-01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"53 7","pages":"e239-e241"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141477966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}