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Maintenance and Reliever Therapy in Pediatric Asthma: A Concise Review of Recent Evidence-Part II. 儿童哮喘的维持和缓解治疗：近期证据的简明回顾-第二部分。
IF 0.9 4区 医学
Pediatric Annals Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20250904-01
Rahaf Alharbi, Adel S Alharbi
{"title":"Maintenance and Reliever Therapy in Pediatric Asthma: A Concise Review of Recent Evidence-Part II.","authors":"Rahaf Alharbi, Adel S Alharbi","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20250904-01","DOIUrl":"10.3928/19382359-20250904-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pediatric asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition requiring effective management strategies to prevent exacerbations and improve long-term outcomes. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) remain the foundation of asthma control, often combined with long-acting beta-2 agonists (LABAs) to enhance symptom relief. However, adherence challenges with separate maintenance and reliever inhalers have led to the emergence of maintenance and reliever therapy (MART) as an alternative approach. MART combines ICS and formoterol into a single inhaler for both maintenance and symptom relief, simplifying treatment regimens and ensuring consistent anti-inflammatory therapy. Recent studies demonstrate that MART reduces exacerbations, improves asthma control, and enhances adherence, compared with traditional ICS-LABA therapy. However, concerns remain regarding its long-term safety, potential overuse, and effects on growth and development. This review explores the rationale, clinical efficacy, and special considerations for MART in pediatric asthma, emphasizing the need for further research to refine its role in individualized treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"55 3","pages":"e114-e119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147357581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Answers to Common Questions About Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome and Chronic Orthostatic Intolerance. 关于体位性心动过速综合征和慢性站立性不耐受的常见问题解答。
IF 0.9 4区 医学
Pediatric Annals Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20260112-04
Daniel Mauriello, Brooke Mitchell, Kelsey M Klaas
{"title":"Answers to Common Questions About Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome and Chronic Orthostatic Intolerance.","authors":"Daniel Mauriello, Brooke Mitchell, Kelsey M Klaas","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20260112-04","DOIUrl":"10.3928/19382359-20260112-04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How is postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) diagnosed? What about adolescents who seem to have POTS but do not meet the diagnostic criteria? How can we treat POTS and related conditions? How can we best respond to common questions of frustrated patients and parents and guardians? This article provides evidence- and expert-based answers to questions that frequently arise when caring for patients with POTS and related conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"55 3","pages":"e108-e113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147357588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Super Flu: Not an Official, Scientific Name. 超级流感：不是官方的科学名称。
IF 1 4区 医学
Pediatric Annals Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20260206-02
Tyler K Smith, Maria Deza Leon, Joseph R Hageman
{"title":"Super Flu: Not an Official, Scientific Name.","authors":"Tyler K Smith, Maria Deza Leon, Joseph R Hageman","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20260206-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20260206-02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"55 3","pages":"e85-e87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147357534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gastrointestinal Comorbidities of Autonomic Dysfunction and Orthostatic Disorders. 自主神经功能障碍和直立性疾病的胃肠道合并症。
IF 0.9 4区 医学
Pediatric Annals Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20260112-03
Peter T Osgood, Bonnie S Essner, Gisela Chelimsky, John E Fortunato
{"title":"Gastrointestinal Comorbidities of Autonomic Dysfunction and Orthostatic Disorders.","authors":"Peter T Osgood, Bonnie S Essner, Gisela Chelimsky, John E Fortunato","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20260112-03","DOIUrl":"10.3928/19382359-20260112-03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Disorders of the autonomic nervous system commonly present with symptoms of orthostatic intolerance in children and adolescents. These conditions frequently manifest with a combination of orthostatic dizziness and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, including pain, nausea, vomiting or regurgitation, changes in bowel habits, or altered nutritional intake, in addition to extraintestinal symptoms (eg, fatigue, joint pains, sleep disturbance) leading to functional impairment. It is necessary for frontline medical professionals to understand the interplay among symptoms within these disorders to more accurately characterize an individual patient's disorder toward appropriate testing and management. Treatment for orthostatic and GI disorders should emphasize a holistic biopsychosocial model of care aimed at addressing patient symptoms, identifying and managing concurrent conditions, supporting nutritional needs along with normal pediatric growth and development, and supporting return to normal physical, mental, and social functioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"55 3","pages":"e97-e101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147357563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Remembering A Friend and Esteemed Colleague-Dr. Stanford T. Shulman. 缅怀一位朋友和尊敬的同事——dr。斯坦福·t·舒尔曼。
IF 1 4区 医学
Pediatric Annals Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20251219-01
Stan L Block
{"title":"Remembering A Friend and Esteemed Colleague-Dr. Stanford T. Shulman.","authors":"Stan L Block","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20251219-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20251219-01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"55 2","pages":"e83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146114965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Key Pediatric Dermatologic Conditions: A Clinical Review-Part II. 关键儿科皮肤病：临床回顾-第二部分。
IF 0.9 4区 医学
Pediatric Annals Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20251112-04
Lily C Kaufman, Michela M Paradiso, Joy L Mosser-Goldfarb
{"title":"Key Pediatric Dermatologic Conditions: A Clinical Review-Part II.","authors":"Lily C Kaufman, Michela M Paradiso, Joy L Mosser-Goldfarb","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20251112-04","DOIUrl":"10.3928/19382359-20251112-04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dermatologic complaints are commonly encountered in pediatric primary care, accounting for up to 30% of visits; yet, diagnostic error rates remain high due to limited dermatologic training during pediatric residency training. This article, the second installment of a two-part series, provides practical guidance for primary care pediatricians on five commonly encountered dermatologic conditions: keratosis pilaris and variants, pity-riasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta and pityriasis lichenoides chronica, neonatal vs infantile acne, Gianotti-Crosti syndrome, and urticarial eruptions. For each condition, key clinical features, diagnostic challenges, and evidence-based management strategies are discussed, with a focus on empowering pediatricians to make timely and accurate diagnoses and improve patient outcomes. Emphasis is placed on the importance of patient and family education, recognition of clinical signs, and management approaches. This series aims to bridge existing knowledge gaps and provide pediatric clinicians with essential tools for addressing dermatologic conditions in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"55 2","pages":"e76-e80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146114962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessment of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder in Primary Care. 儿童双相情感障碍在初级保健中的评估。
IF 0.9 4区 医学
Pediatric Annals Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20251111-02
William P French
{"title":"Assessment of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder in Primary Care.","authors":"William P French","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20251111-02","DOIUrl":"10.3928/19382359-20251111-02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) is a severe and often debilitating psychiatric condition that most often is diagnosed during later adolescence; though, rarely, it can occur in younger children. While it is strongly recommended that youth who present with concerns for PBD be referred to a specialist (eg, child and adolescent psychiatrist), pediatric primary care clinicians (PCCs) play an important role in the assessment of PBD, as delays in recognition of the disorder are associated with a more severe clinical course and poorer functional outcomes. Properly diagnosing PBD is made more difficult due to previous and ongoing disagreements in the PBD field regarding how the disorder presents in youth, especially prior to puberty. This article will address this controversy; review diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, and typical clinical course; and provide critical information that pediatric PCCs can incorporate into their assessment approach to improve their confidence and skills in diagnosing PBD.</p>","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"55 2","pages":"e65-e70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146114948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Identifying and Managing Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Primary Care. 初级保健中强迫症的识别和管理。
IF 0.9 4区 医学
Pediatric Annals Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20251111-01
Erin Dillon-Naftolin
{"title":"Identifying and Managing Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Primary Care.","authors":"Erin Dillon-Naftolin","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20251111-01","DOIUrl":"10.3928/19382359-20251111-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) affects an estimated 1% to 3% of children and adolescents, and frequently results in significant academic, social, and family impairment. Early onset is associated with increased severity, chronicity, and psychiatric comorbidity, yet delays in recognition remain common. Pediatricians are often the first clinicians to encounter affected youth and are therefore essential in early identification and referral. Diagnosis is clinical, supported by validated screening instruments, such as the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Cognitive-behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention is the first-line treatment, with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors serving as evidence-based adjuncts for moderate to severe cases. Family-based interventions and psychoeducation further enhance outcomes. For treatment-resistant cases, augmentation with clomipramine or low-dose antipsychotics may be considered under specialist guidance. Sustained therapy and relapse prevention strategies are critical to maintaining remission. Early recognition and coordinated care can substantially improve prognosis for youth with OCD.</p>","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"55 2","pages":"e59-e64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146114944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Review of Management Strategies for Aggression and Self-Injury in Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder. 青少年自闭症谱系障碍的攻击和自伤管理策略综述。
IF 0.9 4区 医学
Pediatric Annals Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20251112-02
Evan Taniguchi, Soo Jeong Kim
{"title":"A Review of Management Strategies for Aggression and Self-Injury in Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder.","authors":"Evan Taniguchi, Soo Jeong Kim","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20251112-02","DOIUrl":"10.3928/19382359-20251112-02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aggression and self-injury are common challenges for youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), often impacting safety, ability to access services and community resources, and quality of life for children, adolescents, and their families. As pediatricians and other pediatric primary care physicians are often tasked with managing these problems, this review outlines the evidence and potential strategies in both the assessment and management of aggression and self-injury for youth with ASD. Assessment begins with evaluating safety risks and identifying contributing factors, such as medical conditions, communication difficulties, environmental stressors, reinforcement patterns, and psychiatric comorbidities. Evidence-based behavioral interventions, including applied behavior analysis, functional behavioral analysis, functional communication training, and parent training programs, form the foundation of treatment, supplemented by school-based and protective equipment interventions where appropriate. Pharmacologic interventions may be considered when behavioral approaches are insufficient, but they show variable efficacy in managing aggression or self-injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"55 2","pages":"e71-e75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146114986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mental Health in Primary Care: What's Next? 初级保健中的心理健康：下一步是什么？
IF 1 4区 医学
Pediatric Annals Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20251112-03
Robert J Hilt
{"title":"Mental Health in Primary Care: What's Next?","authors":"Robert J Hilt","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20251112-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20251112-03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"55 2","pages":"e52-e53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146114918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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