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Maintenance and Reliever Therapy in Pediatric Asthma: A Concise Review of Recent Evidence-Part I. 儿童哮喘的维持和缓解治疗：近期证据的简明综述-第一部分。
IF 1 4区 医学
Pediatric Annals Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20250828-07
Rahaf Alharbi, Adel S Alharbi
{"title":"Maintenance and Reliever Therapy in Pediatric Asthma: A Concise Review of Recent Evidence-Part I.","authors":"Rahaf Alharbi, Adel S Alharbi","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20250828-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20250828-07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pediatric asthma is a chronic inflammatory respiratory condition characterized by recurrent wheezing, chest tightness, breathlessness, and coughing, which can significantly impact quality of life and lead to hospitalization or long-term lung impairment. The prevalence of asthma has increased globally, with higher rates in urban areas and developing countries. Current management strategies emphasize inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) as the cornerstone of treatment, with long-acting beta 2-agonists (LABAs) introduced for patients requiring additional symptom control. ICS-LABA combinations have demonstrated efficacy in reducing exacerbations, improving lung function, and lowering health care utilization. However, concerns persist regarding adherence, potential masking of airway inflammation, and optimal dosing. The emerging maintenance and reliever therapy (MART) approach integrates ICS and formoterol into a single inhaler for both maintenance and symptom relief, aiming to enhance adherence and optimize treatment outcomes. This review examines the current evidence supporting ICS-LABA therapy and introduces MART as a potential alternative for pediatric asthma management.</p>","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"54 10","pages":"e367-e371"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adolescent Gender-Affirming Care: Multidimensional Insights. 青少年性别确认护理：多维视角。
IF 1 4区 医学
Pediatric Annals Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20250828-02
Michelle B Lemelman, Jeremy Winer
{"title":"Adolescent Gender-Affirming Care: Multidimensional Insights.","authors":"Michelle B Lemelman, Jeremy Winer","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20250828-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20250828-02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"54 10","pages":"e342-e343"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pediatric Drowning: A Preventable Cause of Morbidity and Mortality. 儿童溺水：一种可预防的发病和死亡原因。
IF 1 4区 医学
Pediatric Annals Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20250916-02
Michael Harries
{"title":"Pediatric Drowning: A Preventable Cause of Morbidity and Mortality.","authors":"Michael Harries","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20250916-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20250916-02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drowning is a leading source of mortality and morbidity in children. However, the vast majority of drowning deaths are preventable, and there are important actions that children, parents, and health care providers can take to reduce the risk of drowning in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"54 10","pages":"e339-e341"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gender Diversity and Neurodivergence: A Primer for Pediatricians. 性别多样性和神经分化：儿科医生入门。
IF 1 4区 医学
Pediatric Annals Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20250828-04
Ilayna Mehrtens, Yangfeifei Gao
{"title":"Gender Diversity and Neurodivergence: A Primer for Pediatricians.","authors":"Ilayna Mehrtens, Yangfeifei Gao","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20250828-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20250828-04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research has shown high rates of co-occurring neurodivergent traits and behaviors among youth who are transgender and gender diverse (TGD). Youth who are neurodivergent, TGD, or both present with unique medical and psychosocial care needs. This review outlines clinical considerations for pediatricians who care for youth who are neurodivergent and TGD and includes recommendations for screening, assessment, psychosocial care, and medical care (if indicated). Whenever possible, care for neurodivergent and TGD populations should employ interdisciplinary care teams comprised of experts in neurodivergence and gender diversity. However, absence of such teams should not preclude care, given the existing barriers faced by individuals who are both TGD and neurodivergent, as well as unique burdens associated with the intersectionality of both. Providers working with this population should seek collaboration and consultation with experts to best support the needs of this unique population based on existing guidelines. Care should be individualized, evidence-based, and flexible to accommodate each individual's distinct developmental, psychosocial, and health care needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"54 10","pages":"e349-e354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Metabolic Effects of Gender-Affirming Hormonal Therapy in Youth. 性别确认激素治疗对青少年代谢的影响。
IF 1 4区 医学
Pediatric Annals Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20250828-05
Jeremy Winer, Maya McKee, Michelle B Lemelman
{"title":"Metabolic Effects of Gender-Affirming Hormonal Therapy in Youth.","authors":"Jeremy Winer, Maya McKee, Michelle B Lemelman","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20250828-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20250828-05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Youth who are transgender and gender diverse (TGD) experience metabolic conditions with differing rates than their peers who are cisgender. Mental health, minority stress, and related behaviors likely play a significant role in these differences. At the same time, the sex hormones (ie, estrogen and testosterone) play an integral role in metabolic health with sexual dimorphic patterns. Emerging research is evaluating the positive, negative, or neutral metabolic changes seen with gender-affirming hormonal therapy (GAHT) in adolescents and young adults. In this review, we summarize these findings, specifically evaluating five domains: (1) cardiovascular health, (2) lipid metabolism, (3) insulin resistance, (4) body composition, and (5) liver function. Using the available evidence, we highlight the baseline characteristics prior to GAHT, describe the expected changes with therapy, and review the current guideline-based screening recommendations while on GAHT for metabolic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"54 10","pages":"e355-e360"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Beyond the Summer: Sustaining Healthy Lifestyles and Addressing Pediatric Obesity Year-Round. 超越夏天：维持健康的生活方式和解决全年儿童肥胖问题。
IF 1 4区 医学
Pediatric Annals Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20250916-01
Lolita Alcocer Alkureishi
{"title":"Beyond the Summer: Sustaining Healthy Lifestyles and Addressing Pediatric Obesity Year-Round.","authors":"Lolita Alcocer Alkureishi","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20250916-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20250916-01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"54 10","pages":"e336-e338"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Understanding and Caring for Adolescents and Young Adults Who Are Considering or Pursuing a Detransition Process. 理解和关心正在考虑或追求变性过程的青少年和年轻人。
IF 1 4区 医学
Pediatric Annals Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20250828-06
Kinnon Ross MacKinnon, Pablo Expósito-Campos, June S H Lam, Victoria Anderson, Karine Khatchadourian
{"title":"Understanding and Caring for Adolescents and Young Adults Who Are Considering or Pursuing a Detransition Process.","authors":"Kinnon Ross MacKinnon, Pablo Expósito-Campos, June S H Lam, Victoria Anderson, Karine Khatchadourian","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20250828-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20250828-06","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Detransition refers to stopping, shifting, or reversing an initial gender transition. It often involves changes in self-identity and decisional regret with prior transition-related medical or surgical treatments. There are currently no formal care guidelines available to assist clinicians in discussing detransition with patients and their families or for supporting young people navigating the process. The aim of this article is to examine contemporary detransition research published between 2020 and 2025 to enhance evidence-informed care for adolescents and young adults who are transgender and gender diverse, as well as individuals who opt to detransition. Detransition often occurs in the context of health concerns or complications with treatments, transgender discrimination, complex mental health challenges and neurodivergence, and identity shifts. Recommendations for care and support for patients contemplating or engaging in a detransition process are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"54 10","pages":"e361-e366"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Intersectionality in Youth Who Are Transgender and Gender Diverse. 跨性别青年与性别多样性的交叉性。
IF 1 4区 医学
Pediatric Annals Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20250828-03
Jason LaFave, David J Inwards-Breland
{"title":"Intersectionality in Youth Who Are Transgender and Gender Diverse.","authors":"Jason LaFave, David J Inwards-Breland","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20250828-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20250828-03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Youth who are transgender and gender diverse (TGD), particularly those who are persons of color, experience significant health disparities driven by intersecting systems of oppression. These include elevated rates of depression, suicidal ideation, substance use, violence, and limited access to gender-affirming care. Minority stress theory and intersectionality help explain how structural stigma, racism, and transphobia interact to intensify poor health outcomes. Youth who are persons of color and TGD often face racism within LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning) spaces, transphobia within their racial or ethnic communities, and discrimination in health care settings. Despite these challenges, many individuals demonstrate resilience through family support, affirming school environments, and strong community connections. Providers have a critical role in reducing disparities by addressing personal biases, creating inclusive care environments, advocating for equitable access, and supporting research that centers the TGD experiences of persons of color. Centering intersectionality in clinical care and policy is essential to improving health outcomes and affirming the dignity of all youth who are TGD.</p>","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"54 10","pages":"e344-e348"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vulvovaginitis in the Pediatric and Adolescent Population. 儿童和青少年的外阴阴道炎。
IF 1 4区 医学
Pediatric Annals Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20250707-07
Jocelyn Wascher, Shashwati Pradhan
{"title":"Vulvovaginitis in the Pediatric and Adolescent Population.","authors":"Jocelyn Wascher, Shashwati Pradhan","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20250707-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20250707-07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vulvovaginitis is a common complaint with a variety of etiologies in the pediatric and adolescent population. Health care providers who see these patients should be familiar with the common etiologies, evaluations, and treatments for these conditions. In this review, we will discuss the common presenting symptoms for vulvovaginitis and how the anatomy and physiology of pediatric and adolescent patients contribute to its development. We will discuss how the evaluation process differs depending on age and risk factors for infectious and noninfectious causes of vulvovaginitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"54 9","pages":"e308-e313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145024766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abnormal Puberty and Amenorrhea: A Review. 青春期异常与闭经：综述。
IF 1 4区 医学
Pediatric Annals Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20250707-03
Akanksha Garg, Alla Vash-Margita, Michael K Simoni
{"title":"Abnormal Puberty and Amenorrhea: A Review.","authors":"Akanksha Garg, Alla Vash-Margita, Michael K Simoni","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20250707-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20250707-03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Puberty marks the development of secondary sexual characteristics and reproductive capacity, with normal onset ranging from age 8 to 13 years in female children. Precocious puberty (ie, the onset of secondary sexual characteristics before age 8 years in female children) can result from central or peripheral mechanisms, requiring tailored diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Delayed puberty (ie, the absence of sexual development beyond expected age ranges) often stems from primary or secondary hypogonadism. Amenorrhea (ie, the absence of menses) can be primary or secondary, with causes ranging from genetic abnormalities to hormonal imbalances. This review explores the epidemiology, causes, clinical assessments, and management strategies for precocious and delayed puberty, as well as primary and secondary amenorrhea, emphasizing the importance of individualized care to optimize growth, development, and psychosocial outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"54 9","pages":"e294-e301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145024736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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