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The Role of Cytokines and T Cells as Mediators of Inflammatory Pathology in Type 1 Diabetes and COVID-19. 细胞因子和 T 细胞作为 1 型糖尿病和 COVID-19 炎症病理介质的作用。
IF 1.1 4区 医学
Pediatric Annals Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20240502-05
James Polega
{"title":"The Role of Cytokines and T Cells as Mediators of Inflammatory Pathology in Type 1 Diabetes and COVID-19.","authors":"James Polega","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20240502-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20240502-05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, reports of individuals experiencing new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) began to appear in the literature. This spurred subsequent epidemiological studies that demonstrated an increase in new diagnosis of T1D compared to prepandemic. Development of T1D is characterized by the development of an inappropriate T cell response directed against pancreatic beta-cells, leading to eventual loss of insulin secretion. This T cell response occurs in genetically susceptible individuals and may be triggered by viral illnesses. Abnormal cytokine production is another element of the pathogenesis of T1D. Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome related coronavirus 2 induces a profound increase in the production of inflammatory cytokines and causes significant T-cell dysregulation. These disruptions of the immune system may be linked to the development of T1D following COVID-19. <b>[<i>Pediatr Ann</i>. 2024;53(7):e264-e268.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"53 7","pages":"e264-e268"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141477973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
COVID-19 and Type 1 Diabetes. COVID-19 与 1 型糖尿病。
IF 1.1 4区 医学
Pediatric Annals Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20240502-02
Liala Burmeister
{"title":"COVID-19 and Type 1 Diabetes.","authors":"Liala Burmeister","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20240502-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20240502-02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic brought about several challenges for pediatric patients that were considerably different than those for adult patients. While adult patients had severe illness with associated respiratory and multiorgan failure and subsequent death, pediatric patients typically had milder disease. There were increases in postinfection complications, including an increased incidence of new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) following COVID-19 infection, particularly in adolescent patients. Currently, there is increasing concern that COVID-19 infection may be contributing to the development of T1D. This review will provide an overview of COVID-19, T1D, and the increased incidence noted during the pandemic, and the proposed mechanism of development of T1D in this specific patient demographic. Future studies will be needed to understand the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on T1D in children and adolescents. <b>[<i>Pediatr Ann</i>. 2024;53(7):e244-e248.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"53 7","pages":"e244-e248"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141477970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Loss to Follow-Up: Patients with Type 1 Diabetes During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. 失去随访：SARS-CoV-2大流行期间的1型糖尿病患者。
IF 1.1 4区 医学
Pediatric Annals Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20240502-04
Erin Skelly, Delaney Tognolini
{"title":"Loss to Follow-Up: Patients with Type 1 Diabetes During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.","authors":"Erin Skelly, Delaney Tognolini","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20240502-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20240502-04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome related coronavirus 2) pandemic revealed many flaws in our health care system. This review aims to explore the significance of loss to follow-up on patients with type 1 diabetes during the pandemic, the morbidity and mortality associated, and strategies to prevent loss to follow-up or to re-engage patients in longitudinal care. <b>[<i>Pediatr Ann</i>. 2024;53(7):e254-e257.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"53 7","pages":"e254-e257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141477972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Review of Urinary Tract Infections and Pyelonephritis. 尿路感染和肾盂肾炎回顾。
IF 1.1 4区 医学
Pediatric Annals Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20240407-05
Kimberly Pianucci, Frank Cipriano, Erica Chung
{"title":"Review of Urinary Tract Infections and Pyelonephritis.","authors":"Kimberly Pianucci, Frank Cipriano, Erica Chung","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20240407-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20240407-05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are serious bacterial infections affecting children of all ages. An understanding of the methods of urine collection is important to prevent the contamination of urine specimens and to interpret results. The diagnosis of a UTI requires appropriate interpretation of both urinalysis and urine culture results because testing must indicate evidence of inflammation and the presence of bacteria. Rapid treatment of UTIs is imperative to prevent acute decompensation and systemic illness. Empiric antibiotics should be narrowed as soon as possible to tailor antibiotic treatment and limit antibiotic overuse. Imaging with a renal ultrasound scan is recommended for all infants with first febrile UTIs rather than a voiding cystourethrogram. An additional goal of UTI treatment is to prevent renal scarring, which can lead to lifelong health consequences. Children with anatomic abnormalities of the urinary tract and those who have recurrent UTIs are at increased risk of renal scarring. <b>[<i>Pediatr Ann</i>. 2024;53(6):e217-e222.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"53 6","pages":"e217-e222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141293968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Safely Doing Less for Febrile Infants: Reviewing Management in the Setting of the 2021 American Academy of Pediatrics Clinical Practice Guideline. 安全地减少对发热婴儿的治疗：根据《2021 年美国儿科学会临床实践指南》审查管理。
IF 1.1 4区 医学
Pediatric Annals Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20240407-01
Abigail R Adler, Whitney L Browning
{"title":"Safely Doing Less for Febrile Infants: Reviewing Management in the Setting of the 2021 American Academy of Pediatrics Clinical Practice Guideline.","authors":"Abigail R Adler, Whitney L Browning","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20240407-01","DOIUrl":"10.3928/19382359-20240407-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For more than 4 decades, pediatricians have sought the best practices for effectively managing well-appearing young febrile infants. In 2021, the American Academy of Pediatrics released a clinical practice guideline for the management of well-appearing febrile infants aged 8 to 60 days. The guideline incorporates advancements in testing, such as biomarkers and diagnostic testing in the setting of changing epidemiology, to help risk stratify infants in the newly formed group age 22 to 28 days as well as the group age 29 to 60 days. The new guideline uses inflammatory markers (procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, absolute neutrophil count, and a temperature >38.4°C) to identify infants at low risk for invasive bacterial infection who can potentially avoid the invasive procedures of lumbar puncture, hospitalization, and broad-spectrum antimicrobials. Because of continued ambiguity, incorporating shared decision-making with families in the care of these infants will be important, as will ongoing clinical research to better inform future practice. <b>[<i>Pediatr Ann</i>. 2024;53(6):e202-e207.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"53 6","pages":"e202-e207"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141293970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Diagnosis and Treatment of Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis in Children. 儿童 A 群链球菌咽炎的诊断和治疗。
IF 1.1 4区 医学
Pediatric Annals Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20240407-08
Antonietta Curatola, Lorenzo Di Sarno, Miriam Massese, Anya Caroselli, Antonio Gatto, Antonio Chiaretti
{"title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis in Children.","authors":"Antonietta Curatola, Lorenzo Di Sarno, Miriam Massese, Anya Caroselli, Antonio Gatto, Antonio Chiaretti","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20240407-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20240407-08","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this review is to summarize the current evidence regarding the management of streptococcal pharyngitis in children. This article aims to provide a valid support to discriminate streptococcal pharyngitis from viral cases and treat it appropriately to avoid the development of complications. Differential diagnosis based only on clinical features is not always easy. For this reason, different clinical scores were created to provide an accurate diagnosis. Microbiological tests are valuable tools as well, but their use is not recommended unanimously. Concerning treatment, all guidelines agree on the drug to be used. However, doubts remain about the optimal duration of antibiotic therapy, especially in this specific historical moment as we are experiencing a peak in streptococcal infections. <b>[<i>Pediatr Ann</i>. 2024;53(6):e234-e238.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"53 6","pages":"e234-e238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141293966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Youth Gun Violence. 青少年枪支暴力。
IF 1.1 4区 医学
Pediatric Annals Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20240407-04
Michael Harries
{"title":"Youth Gun Violence.","authors":"Michael Harries","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20240407-04","DOIUrl":"10.3928/19382359-20240407-04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gun violence is a rapidly growing concern for youth. As rates of death by firearm rise, so does exposure to firearm violence and high levels of accompanying morbidity. Although gun violence cannot be attributed to any one cause, it is important pediatric health care providers understand the prevalence of this issue. Additionally, the long-term health effects are profound with many victims of, and witnesses to, gun violence experiencing new symptoms of general anxiety disorder. There are numerous initiatives taking place at the individual, local, and national levels to address this public health crisis. An overview of such interventions is also presented. With better screening and treatment of upstream and downstream symptoms of youth gun violence, pediatricians can decrease the morbidity and mortality that results from firearm use. <b>[<i>Pediatr Ann</i>. 2024;53(6):e197-e199.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"53 6","pages":"e197-e199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141293973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Safely Doing Less Antibiotics: Evidence to Guide Duration and Route of Administration in Common Pediatric Infections. 安全减少使用抗生素：指导常见儿科感染的用药时间和途径的证据》（Evidence to Guide Duration and Route of Administration in Common Pediatric Infections）。
IF 1.1 4区 医学
Pediatric Annals Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20240407-06
Alaina Shine, Polina Frolova Gregory, Shayna Herns, Abena Knight
{"title":"Safely Doing Less Antibiotics: Evidence to Guide Duration and Route of Administration in Common Pediatric Infections.","authors":"Alaina Shine, Polina Frolova Gregory, Shayna Herns, Abena Knight","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20240407-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20240407-06","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing evidence detailing the harmful effects of exposure to antibiotics has driven an urgency to evaluate recommendations in common pediatric infections regarding antibiotic course duration and route of administration. The past decade has produced strong evidence in support of many patients with uncomplicated common pediatric infections receiving shortened antibiotic durations and early conversion from intravenous to oral antibiotics. In this review, we offer guidance to providers in selection of duration and route of administration in a subset of common pediatric infections, including community-acquired pneumonia, osteomyelitis, and infections of the head and neck. <b>[<i>Pediatr Ann</i>. 2024;53(6):e229-e233.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"53 6","pages":"e229-e233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141293969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tuberculosis in the United States: A Worrisome New Trend Amid Nearly 30 Years of Continued Decline. 美国的结核病：在近 30 年的持续下降中出现了令人担忧的新趋势。
IF 1.1 4区 医学
Pediatric Annals Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20240507-01
Lolita Alcocer Alkureishi, Joseph R Hageman
{"title":"Tuberculosis in the United States: A Worrisome New Trend Amid Nearly 30 Years of Continued Decline.","authors":"Lolita Alcocer Alkureishi, Joseph R Hageman","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20240507-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20240507-01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"53 6","pages":"e195-e196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141293972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Management of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia: Shedding Light on the American Academy of Pediatrics 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline Revision. 新生儿高胆红素血症的管理：解读美国儿科学会 2022 年临床实践指南修订版。
IF 1.1 4区 医学
Pediatric Annals Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20240407-02
Lindsey Daggle, Neha Sharma, Initha Setiady, Karen Leonard
{"title":"Management of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia: Shedding Light on the American Academy of Pediatrics 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline Revision.","authors":"Lindsey Daggle, Neha Sharma, Initha Setiady, Karen Leonard","doi":"10.3928/19382359-20240407-02","DOIUrl":"10.3928/19382359-20240407-02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most common conditions managed by pediatricians. Although many infants are affected, most will experience complete resolution without complication. Acute bilirubin encephalopathy and kernicterus are rare yet debilitating sequelae of severe hyperbilirubinemia that can be avoided through careful monitoring and treatment with phototherapy. Appropriate management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia must balance the risks of these severe conditions with the effects of overtreatment. Released in 2022, the American Academy of Pediatrics revised the clinical practice guideline for the management of hyperbilirubinemia, which aims to provide that balance through updates to the previous guideline. This article will provide the reader with (1) an evidence-based harm and benefit analysis of the guideline, (2) an overview of key changes and clarifications made in the new guideline, and (3) a practical summary of guideline updates. <b>[<i>Pediatr Ann</i>. 2024;53(6):e208-e216.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":54633,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Annals","volume":"53 6","pages":"e208-e216"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141293967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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